The CIA World Factbook Edition 1990 Communications

Railways In 36 editions of 36.

Railways was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1990 edition carries it in 137 entries, in its Communications section, under the heading “Railroads”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1990 edition
137
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Railways” (1996 to 2025) and “Railroads” (1990 to 1995).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Railways, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Railways in each edition

19902000201020202025

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Africa

38 entries

Algeria

  • 4,146 km total;
  • 2,632 km standard gauge (1.435 m), 1,258 km 1.055-meter gauge, 256 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • 300 km electrified;
  • 215 km double track

Angola

  • 3,189 km total;
  • 2,879 km 1.067-meter gauge, 310 km 0.600-meter gauge;
  • limited trackage in use because of insurgent attacks;
  • sections of the Benguela Railroad closed because of insurgency

Benin

578 km, all 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Botswana

712 km 1.0 67-meter gauge

Burkina now Burkina Faso

  • 620 km total;
  • 520 km Ouagadougou to Ivory Coast border and 100 km Ouagadougou to Kaya;
  • all 1.00-meter gauge and single track

Cameroon

1,003 km total; 858 km 1.000-meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • 5,254 km total;
  • 3,968 km 1.067-meter gauge (851 km electrified);
  • 125 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • 136 km 0.615-meter gauge;
  • 1,025 km 0.600-meter gauge

Congo now Republic of the Congo

797 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track (includes 285 km that are privately owned)

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

660 km (Burkina border to Abidjan, 1.00-meter gauge, single track, except 25 km Abidjan-Anyama section is double track)

Djibouti

the Ethiopian-Djibouti railroad extends for 97 km through Djibouti

Egypt

  • 5,110 km total;
  • 4,763 km 1,435-meter standard gauge, 347 km 0.750-meter gauge;
  • 951 km double track;
  • 25 km electrified

Swaziland now Eswatini

297 km plus 71 km disused, 1.067-meter gauge, single track

Ethiopia

  • 988 km total;
  • 681 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • 307 km 0.950-meter gauge (nonoperational)

Gabon

649 km 1.437-meter standard-gauge single track (Transgabonese Railroad)

Ghana

  • 953 km, all 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 32 km double track;
  • railroads undergoing major renovation

Guinea

1,045 km; 806 km 1.000-meter gauge, 239 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

Juan de Nova Island

short line going to a jetty

Kenya

2,040 km 1.000-meter gauge

Lesotho

1.6 km; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of South Africa

Liberia

  • 480 km total;
  • 328 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 152 km 1.067-meter narrow gauge;
  • all lines single track;
  • rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government

Madagascar

1,020 km 1.000-meter gauge

Malawi

789 km 1.067-meter gauge

Mali

642 km 1.000-meter gauge; linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes

Mauritania

670 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track, owned and operated by government mining company

Morocco

1,893 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (246 km double track, 974 km electrified)

Mozambique

  • 3,288 km total;
  • 3,140 km 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 148 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge;
  • Malawi-Nacala, Malawi-Beira, and Zimbabwe-Maputo lines are subject to closure because of insurgency

Namibia

2,341 km 1.067-meter gauge, single track

Nigeria

3,505 km 1.067-meter gauge

Senegal

1,034 km 1.000-meter gauge; all single track except 70 km double track Dakar to Thies

Sierra Leone

84 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge mineral line is used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed

South Africa

  • 20,638 km route distance total;
  • 35,079 km of 1.067-meter gauge trackage (counts double and multiple tracking as single track);
  • 314 km of 610 mm gauge

Sudan

5,500 km total; 4,784 km 1.067-meter gauge, 716 km 1.6096-meter-gauge plantation line

Tanzania

  • 3,555 km total;
  • 960 km 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track, 962 km Tazara Railroad 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 115 km 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade

Togo

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Tunisia

  • 2,154 km total;
  • 465 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • 1,689 km 1.000-meter gauge

Uganda

1,300 km, 1.000-meter-gauge single track

Zambia

1,266 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 13 km double track

Zimbabwe

  • 2,745 km 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 42 km double track;
  • 355 km electrified

Asia

11 entries

Afghanistan

9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge from Kushka (USSR) to Towraghondi and 15.0 km from Termez (USSR) to Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya

Bangladesh

2,892 km total (1986); 1,914 km 1.000 meter gauge, 978 km 1.676 meter broad gauge

China

  • total about 54,000 km common carrier lines;
  • 53,400 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • 600 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • all single track except 11,200 km double track on standard-gauge lines;
  • 6,500 km electrified;
  • 10,000 km industrial lines (gauges range from 0.762 to 1.067 meters)

India

  • 61,850 km total (1986);
  • 33,553 km 1.676-meter broad gauge, 24,051 km 1.000-meter gauge, 4,246 km narrow gauge (0.762 meter and 0.610 meter);
  • 12,617 km is double track;
  • 6,500 km is electrified

Japan

  • 27,327 km total;
  • 2,012 km 1.435-meter standard gauge and 25,315 km predominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge;
  • 5,724 km doubletrack and multitrack sections, 9,038 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge electrified, 2,012 km 1.435-meter standard-gauge electrified (1987)

Korea, North now North Korea

  • 4,535 km total operating in 1980;
  • 3,870 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 665 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge, 159 km double track;
  • 3,175 km electrified;
  • government owned

Korea, South now South Korea

  • 3,106 km operating in 1983;
  • 3,059 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 47 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge, 712 km double track, 418 km electrified;
  • government owned

Mongolia

  • 1,750 km 1.524-meter broad gauge (1986)

Nepal

  • 52 km (1985), all 0.762-meter narrow gauge;
  • all in Tarai close to Indian border;
  • 10 km from Raxaul to Birganj is government owned

Pakistan

  • 8,773 km total;
  • 7,718 km broad gauge, 445 km meter gauge, and 610 km narrow gauge;
  • 1,037 km broad-gauge double track;
  • 286 km electrified;
  • all government owned (1985)

Sri Lanka

  • 1,868 km total (1985);
  • all 1.868-meter broad gauge;
  • 102 km double track;
  • no electrification;
  • government owned

Central America and the Caribbean

15 entries

Antigua and Barbuda

64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge and 13 km 0.610-meter gauge used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane

Costa Rica

950 km total, all 1.067-meter gauge; 260 km electrified

Cuba

  • 14,925 km total;
  • Cuban National Railways operates 5,295 km of 1.435-meter gauge track;
  • 199 km electrified;
  • 9,630 km of sugar plantation lines of 0.914-1.435-meter gauge

Dominican Republic

1,655 km total in numerous segments; 4 different gauges from 0.558 m to 1.435 m

El Salvador

602 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track

Guadeloupe

privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines

Guatemala

870 km 0.914-meter gauge, single track; 780 km government owned, 90 km privately owned

Haiti

40 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge, single-track, privately owned industrial line

Honduras

785 km total; 508 km 1.067-meter gauge, 277 km 0.914-meter gauge

Jamaica

370 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track

Nicaragua

  • 373 km 1.067-meter gauge, government owned;
  • majority of system not operating;
  • 3 km 1.435-meter gauge line at Puerto Cabezas (does not connect with mainline)

Panama

238 km total; 78 km 1.524-meter gauge, 160 km 0.914-meter gauge

Puerto Rico

100 km rural narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; no passenger railroads

St. Kitts and Nevis now Saint Kitts and Nevis

58 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge on St. Kitts for sugarcane

Trinidad and Tobago

minimal agricultural system near San Fernando

Europe

31 entries

Albania

  • 543 km total;
  • 509 1.435-meter standard gauge, single track and 34 km narrow gauge, single track (1988);
  • line connecting Titograd (Yugoslavia) and Shkoder (Albania) completed August 1986

Austria

  • 6,028 km total;
  • 5,388 km government owned and 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gauge);
  • 5,403 km 1.435-meter standard gauge of which 3,051 km is electrified and 1,520 km is double tracked;
  • 363 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge of which 91 km is electrified

Belgium

  • Belgian National Railways (SNCB) operates 3,667 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, government owned;
  • 2,563 km double track;
  • 1,978 km electrified;
  • 191 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned and operated

Bulgaria

  • 4,294 km total, all government owned (1986);
  • 4,049 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 245 km narrow gauge;
  • 908 km double track;
  • 2,342 km electrified

Czechoslovakia

  • 13,116 km total;
  • 12,868 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 102 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 146 km 0.750- and 0.760-meter narrow gauge;
  • 2,854 km double track;
  • 3,530 km electrified;
  • government owned (1986)

Denmark

  • 2,675 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,025 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services);
  • 188 km electrified, 730 km double tracked;
  • 650 km of standard-gauge lines are privately owned and operated

Finland

5,924 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total of 5,863 km 1.524-meter gauge, of which 480 km are multiple track and 1,445 km are electrified

France

  • French National Railways (SNCF) operates 34,568 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • 11,674 km electrified, 15,132 km double or multiple track;
  • 2,138 km of various gauges (1.000-meter to 1.440-meter), privately owned and operated

German Democratic Republic

  • 14,005 km total;
  • 13,730 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 275 km 1.000-meter or other narrow gauge, 3,830 (est.) km 1.435-meter double-track standard gauge;
  • 2,754 km overhead electrified (1986)

Germany, Federal Republic of now Germany

  • 31,443 km total;
  • 27,421 km government owned, 1.435-meter standard gauge (12,491 km double track, 11,501 km electrified);
  • 4,022 km nongovernment owned, including 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (214 km electrified) and 424 km 1.000-meter gauge (186 km electrified)

Gibraltar

1.000-meter-gauge system in dockyard area only

Greece

  • 2,479 km total;
  • 1,565 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 892 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • 22 km 0.750-meter narrow gauge;
  • all government owned

Vatican City now Holy See (Vatican City)

850 m, 750 mm gauge (links with Italian network near the Rome station of St. Peter's)

Hungary

  • 7,770 km total;
  • 7,513 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 222 km narrow gauge (mostly 0.760-meter), 35 km 1.524-meter broad gauge;
  • 1,138 km double track, 2,088 km electrified;
  • all government owned (1987)

Ireland

  • Irish National Railways (CIE) operates 1,947 km 1.602-meter gauge, government owned;
  • 485 km double track;
  • 38 km electrified

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

36 km electric track, 24 km steam track

Italy

  • 20,011 km total;
  • 16,066 km 1.435-meter government-owned standard gauge (8,999 km electrified);
  • 3,945 km privately owned--2,100 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (1,155 km electrified) and 1,845 km 0.950-meter narrow gauge (380 km electrified)

Liechtenstein

18.5 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways

Luxembourg

  • Luxembourg National Railways (CFL) operates 270 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • 162 km double track;
  • 162 km electrified

Monaco

1.6 km 1.435-meter gauge

Netherlands

3,037 km track (includes 1,871 km electrified and 1,800 km double track; 2,871 km 1.435-meter standard gauge operated by Netherlands Railways (NS); 166 km privately owned

Norway

  • 4,223 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,219 km (2,450 km electrified and 96 km double track);
  • 4 km other

Poland

  • 27,245 km total;
  • 24,333 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 397 km 1.524-meter broad gauge, 2,515 km narrow gauge;
  • 8,986 km double track;
  • 10,000 km electrified;
  • government owned (1986)

Portugal

  • 3,613 km total;
  • state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km 1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track, privately owned

Romania

  • 11,221 km total;
  • 10,755 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 421 km narrow gauge, 45 km broad gauge;
  • 3,328 km electrified, 3,060 km double track;
  • government owned (1986)

Soviet Union

  • 146,100 km total;
  • 51,700 km electrified;
  • does not include industrial lines (1987)

Spain

  • 15,430 km total;
  • Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 12,691 km 1.668-meter gauge, 6,184 km electrified, and 2,295 km double track;
  • FEVE (government-owned narrow-gauge railways) operates 1,821 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge and 441 km electrified;
  • privately owned railways operate 918 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge, 512 km electrified, and 56 km double track

Sweden

  • 12,000 km total;
  • Swedish State Railways (SJ)--10,819 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 6,955 km electrified and 1,152 km double track;
  • 182 km 0.891-meter gauge;
  • 117 km rail ferry service;
  • privately owned railways--511 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (332 km electrified);
  • 371 km 0.891-meter gauge (all electrified)

Switzerland

  • 5,174 km total;
  • 2,971 km are government owned and 2,203 km are nongovernment owned;
  • the government network consists of 2,897 km 1.435-meter standard gauge and 74 km 1.000-meter narrow gauge track;
  • 1,432 km double track, 99% electrified;
  • the nongovernment network consists of 710 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 1,418 km 1.000-meter gauge, and 75 km 0.790-meter gauge track, 100% electrified

United Kingdom

  • Great Britain--16,629 km total;
  • British Railways (BR) operates 16,629 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (4,205 km electrified and 12,591 km double or multiple track);
  • several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge lines are privately owned and operated;
  • Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 332 km 1.600-meter gauge, 190 km double track

Yugoslavia

9,270 km total; (all 1.435-meter standard gauge) including 926 km double track, 3,771 km electrified (1987)

Middle East

9 entries

Gaza Strip

  • one line,
  • abandoned and in disrepair,
  • but trackage remains

Iran

  • 4,601 km total;
  • 4,509 km 1.432-meter gauge, 92 km 1.676-meter gauge;
  • 730 km under construction from Bafq to Bandar Abbas

Iraq

2,962 km total; 2,457 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 505 km 1.000-meter gauge

Israel

594 km 1.435-meter gauge, single track; diesel operated

Jordan

619 km 1.050-meter gauge, single track

Lebanon

  • 378 km total;
  • 296 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 82 km 1.050-meter gauge;
  • all single track;
  • system almost entirely inoperable

Saudi Arabia

886 km 1.435-meter standard gauge

Syria

  • 2,241 km total;
  • 1,930 km standard gauge, 311 km 1.050-meter narrow gauge;
  • note--the Tartus-Latakia line is nearly complete

Turkey now Turkiye

8,401 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 479 km electrified

North America

3 entries

Canada

  • 80,095 km total;
  • 79,917 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (includes 129 km electrified);
  • 178 km 0.915-meter narrow gauge (mostly unused);
  • two major transcontinental freight railway systems--Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway;
  • passenger service--VIA (government operated)

Mexico

  • 20,680 km total;
  • 19,950 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • 730 km 0.914-meter narrow gauge

United States

270,312 km

Oceania

7 entries

American Samoa

small marine railroad in Pago Pago harbor

Australia

  • 40,478 km total;
  • 7,970 km 1.600-meter gauge, 16,201 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 16,307 km 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 183 km dual gauge;
  • 1,130 km electrified;
  • government owned (except for a few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) (1985)

Fiji

644 km 0.610-meter narrow gauge, belonging to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation

Nauru

3.9 km; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast

New Zealand

  • 4,716 km total;
  • all 1.067-meter gauge;
  • 274 km double track;
  • 113 km electrified;
  • over 99% government owned

Pitcairn Islands

none

Vanuatu

none

South America

12 entries

Argentina

  • 34,172 km total (includes 169 km electrified);
  • includes a mixture of 1.435-meter standard gauge, 1.676-meter broad gauge, 1.000-meter gauge, and 0.750-meter gauge

Bolivia

3,675 km total; 3,643 km 1.000-meter gauge and 32 km 0.760-meter gauge, all government owned, single track

Brazil

  • 29,694 km total;
  • 25,268 km 1.000-meter gauge, 4,339 km 1.600-meter gauge, 74 km mixed 1.600-1.000-meter gauge, 13 km 0.760-meter gauge;
  • 2,308 km electrified

Chile

  • 8,613 km total;
  • 4,257 km 1.676-meter gauge, 135 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 4,221 km 1.000-meter gauge;
  • electrification, 1,578 km 1.676-meter gauge, 76 km 1.000-meter gauge

Colombia

3,563 km, all 0.914-meter gauge, single track

Ecuador

965 km total; all 1.067-meter-gauge single track

Guyana

187 km total, all single track 0.914-meter gauge

Paraguay

970 km total; 440 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 60 km 1.000-meter gauge, 470 km various narrow gauge (privately owned)

Peru

1,876 km total; 1,576 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 300 km 0.914-meter gauge

Suriname

  • 166 km total;
  • 86 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned, and 80 km 1.435-meter standard gauge;
  • all single track

Uruguay

3,000 km, all 1.435-meter standard gauge and government owned

Venezuela

  • 542 km total;
  • 363 km 1.435-meter standard gauge all single track, government owned;
  • 179 km 1.435-meter gauge, privately owned

Southeast Asia

11 entries

Brunei

13 km 0.610-meter narrow-gauge private line

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

  • 3,991 km total, all government owned;
  • 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km narrow-gauge industrial lines;
  • 362 km double track

Cambodia

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Hong Kong

35 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, government owned

Indonesia

  • 6,964 km total;
  • 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km 0.600-meter gauge;
  • 211 km double track;
  • 101 km electrified;
  • all government owned

Malaysia

  • Peninsular Malaysia--1,665 km 1.04-meter gauge;
  • 13 km double track, government owned;
  • Sabah--136 km 1.000-meter gauge

Philippines

  • 378 km operable on Luzon, 34% government owned (1982)

Singapore

38 km of 1.000-meter gauge

Taiwan

  • about 1,075 km common carrier lines and over 3,800 km industrial lines;
  • common carrier lines consist of the 1.067-meter gauge 708 km West Line and the 367 km East Line;
  • a 98.25 km South Link Line connection is under construction;
  • common carrier lines owned by the government and operated by the Railway Administration under Ministry of Communications;
  • industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises

Thailand

3,940 km 1.000-meter gauge, 99 km double track

Vietnam

3,059 km total; 2,454 1.000-meter gauge, 151 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 230 km dual gauge (three rails), and 224 km not restored to service

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1990, “Railways”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/railways/1990.

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