Togo

republic

Togo as the 1990 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 69 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLome

Area56,790 km2

Populationas each edition published it

3.67 million July 1990 · 9.14m in 2025

Population growth% a year

Not in this edition 3.61% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 17.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

Not in this edition 56.46 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

7.2 children per woman 1990 · 4.03 in 2025

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

112 deaths per 1,000 live births 1990 · 34.5 in 2025

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

Not in this edition $400 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 0% in 1993

Geography

11 fields

Land useshare of 56,790 km2

arable land 25%permanent crops 1%meadows and pastures 4%forest and woodland 28%other 42%includes NEGL% irrigated

Total area

56,790km2

land area: 54,390 km2Comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Coastline

56km

Territorial sea: 30 nm

Land boundaries

1,647km total

Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Climate

tropical;
hot, humid in south;
semiarid in north

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north;
central hills;
southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Environment

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
recent droughts affecting agriculture;
deforestation

People

14 fields

Population

3,674,355

(July 1990), growth rate 3.7% (1990)

Per 1,000 population(1990)

Birth

50Death

14Net migration

Religion

indigenous beliefs about 70%Christian 20%Muslim 10%

Literacy

40.7%

Nationality

noun--Togolese (sing. and pl.); adjective--Togolese

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes;
largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye;
under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese

Language

French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabye in the north

Labor force

NA;
78% agriculture, 22% industry;
about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors;
50% of population of working age (1985)

Organized labor

one national union, the National Federation of Togolese Workers

Government

Republic

17 fields

National Assembly, 77 seats, elected 4 March 1990one dot, one seat

RPT 77

Administrative divisions

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular--circonscription);
Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapaong (Tone), Kante (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Kpagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo);
note--the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular--prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parenthesis

Independence

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration, formerly French Togo)

Constitution

30 December 1979, effective 13 January 1980

National holiday

Liberation Day (anniversary of coup), 13 January (1967)

Executive branch

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Chief of State and Head of Government--President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

Political parties and leaders

only party--Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Eyadema

universal adult at age NA President--last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held December 1993); results--Gen. Eyadema was reelected without opposition; National Assembly--last held 4 March 1990 (next to be held March 1995); results--RPT is the only party; seats--(77 total) RPT 77

Communists

no Communist party

Member of

ACP, AfDB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, ENTENTE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation

Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS;
Chancery at 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008;
telephone (202) 234-4212 or 4213;
US--Ambassador Rush W. TAYLOR, Jr.;
Embassy at Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome (mailing address is B. P. 852, Lome);
telephone [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-36-09

Flag

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow;
there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy

Togo is one of the least developed countries in the world with a per capita GDP of about $400.

16 fields

GDP, purchasing power parity

$1.35billion

per capita $405; real growth rate 4.1% (1988 est.)

Inflation, consumer prices

2.5%

(1987 est.)

Unemployment rate

2.0%

(1987)

External debt

$1.3billion

(December 1988)

Budget

Revenues

$354 millionExpenditures

$399 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $102 million (1988 est.)

Overview

Togo is one of the least developed countries in the world with a per capita GDP of about $400. The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings.

Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings.

Exports

$344 million (f.o.b., 1988);
commodities--phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels;
partners--EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Imports

$369 million (f.o.b., 1988);
commodities--food, fuels, durable consumer goods, other intermediate goods, capital goods;
partners--EC 69%, Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 4%, other 10% (1985)

Industrial production

growth rate 4.9% (1987 est.)

Electricity

117,000 kW capacity; 155 million kWh produced, 45 kWh per capita (1989)

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Agriculture

cash crops--coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops--yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum, fish

Aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $121 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $1.6 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
Communist countries (1970-88), $46 million

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--287.99 (January 1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Merchant marine, 7 ships by typeone square, one ship

roll-on/roll-off cargo 4multifunction large-load carrier 37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 41,809 GRT/72,289 DWT

Airports, 9 total, 9 usable

permanent-surface runways

2runways over 3,659 m

nonerunways 2,440-3,659 m none with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Networkskm

Highways

6,462Railroads

515

Highways: ; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads · Railroads: , single track

Railroads

515 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Highways

6,462 km total;
1,762 km paved;
4,700 km unimproved roads

fair system based on network of open-wire lines supplemented by radio relay routes;
12,000 telephones;
stations--2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV;
satellite earth stations--1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE