Angola

Republic of AngolaRepublic de Angola

transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strongIndependence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Angola as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 79 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLuanda

Area1,246,700 km2

LocationSouthern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean between Namibia and

Populationas each edition published it

9.55 million July 1993 est. · 8.53m in 1990

Population growth% a year

2.67% 1993 est. · 3.32% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 18.2 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

45.26 years 1993 est. · 62.9 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.54 children per woman 1993 est. · 6.7 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

148.6 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 158 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$950 1991 est. · $7,300 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

1.7% 1991 est. · 4.4% in 2025

Geography

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean between Namibia and | Zaire

14 fields

Land useshare of 1,246,700 km2

arable land 2%permanent crops 0%meadows and pastures 23%forest and woodland 43%other 32%

Area

1,246,700km2

land area: 1,246,700 km2comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Coastline

1,600km

exclusive fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 20 nm

Land boundaries

5,198km

total · Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean between Namibia and Zaire

Map references

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

International disputes

civil war since independence on 11 November 1975;
a ceasefire held from 31 May 1991 until October 1992, when the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored elections;
fighting has since resumed across the countryside

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Environment

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on plateau; desertification

Note

Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire

People

14 fields

Population

9,545,235

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 2.67% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

45.8Death

18.96Net migration

-0.15

Male · female(1993 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years45.26

43.26 · 47.35

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy42%

56% · 28%

MaleFemaleLiteracy age 15 and over can read and write (1990)

Ethnic divisions

Ovimbundu 37%Kimbundu 25%Bakongo 13%Mestico 2%European 1%other 22%

Religions

indigenous beliefs 47%Roman Catholic 38%Protestant 15% (est.)

Labor force

2.783million economically active

by occupation: agriculture 85%, industry 15% (1985 est.)

Infant mortality rate

148.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Angolan(s)
adjective:: Angolan

Government

Transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong

21 fields

Names

conventional long form:: Republic of Angola
conventional short form:: Angola
local long form:: Republic de Angola
local short form:: Angola
former:: People's Republic of Angola

Type

transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia);
Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Constitution

11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, and 6 March 1991

Legal system

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets

Political parties and leaders

Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose EDUARDO DOS SANTOS, is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975;
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, remains a legal party despite its returned to armed resistance to the government;
five minor parties have small numbers of seats in the National Assembly

Other political or pressure groups

Cabindan State Liberation Front (FLEC), NZZIA Tiago, leader note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province

Elections

first nationwide, multiparty elections were held in late September 1992 with disputed results; further elections are being discussed

Executive branch

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)
Head of Government:: Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO (since 2 December 1992)

ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC (observer), ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

none

representation:: Jose PATRICIO, Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States
address:: Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States, 1899 L Street, NW, 5th floor, Washington, DC 20038
telephone:: (202) 785-1156
FAX:: (202) 785-1258

US diplomatic representation

director:: Edmund DE JARNETTE
liaison office:: Rua Major Kanhangolo, Nes 132/138, Luanda
mailing address:: CP6484, Luanda, Angola (mail international); USLO Luanda, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20521-2550 (pouch)
telephone:: [244] (2) 34-54-81
FAX:: [244] (2) 39-05-15

note: the US maintains a liaison office in Luanda accredited to the Joint Political Military Commission that oversees implementation of the Angola Peace Accords; this office does not perform any commercial or consular services; the US does not maintain diplomatic relations with the Government of the Republic of Angola

Flag

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Economy

18 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$950

(1991 est.)

Real growth rate

1.7%

(1991 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate NA%; accounts for about 60% of GDP, including petroleum output

Inflation, consumer prices

1,000%

(1992 est.)

External debt

$8billion

(1991)

Budget

Revenues

$2.1 billionExpenditures

$3.6 billion

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1991 est.)

Overview

Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80-90% of the population, but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production is vital to the economy, contributing about 60% to GDP. Bitter internal fighting continues to severely affect the nonoil economy, and food needs to be imported.

For the long run, Angola has the advantage of rich natural resources in addition to oil, notably gold, diamonds, and arable land. To realize its economic potential Angola not only must secure domestic peace but also must reform government policies that have led to distortions and imbalances throughout the economy.

National product

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $5.1 billion (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Exports

$3.7 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

commodities:: oil, liquefied petroleum gas, diamonds, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
partners:: US, France, Germany, Netherlands, Brazil

Imports

$1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

commodities:: capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; substantial military deliveries
partners:: Portugal, Brazil, US, France, Spain

Electricity

510,000 kW capacity; 800 million kWh produced, 84 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries

petroleum;
mining diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold;, fish processing;
food processing;
brewing;
tobacco;
sugar;
textiles;
cement;
basic metal products

Agriculture

cash crops - coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar cane, manioc, tobacco;
food crops - cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas;
livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry 2% of total agricultural output;
disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $265 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1,105 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion;
net official disbursements (1985-89), $750 million