Angola

total:

0.35 cu km/yr (23%/17%/60%)

per capita:

22 cu m/yr (2000)

• overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures;
• desertification;
• deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity;
• soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams;
• inadequate supplies of potable water

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

noun:

Angolan(s)

adjective:

Angolan

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.79 male(s)/female

total population:

1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

degree of risk:

very high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)

water contact disease:

schistosomiasis (2009)

conventional long form:

Republic of Angola

conventional short form:

Angola

local long form:

Republica de Angola

local short form:

Angola

former:

People's Republic of Angola

name:

Luanda

geographic coordinates:

8 50 S, 13 14 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

• 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia);
• Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

chief of state:

• President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979);
• Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010);
• note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers appointed by the president; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution;
• President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992 (next were to be held in September 2009 but were postponed)

election results:

• Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary;
• the run-off was never held leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president

• Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional;
• Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo;
• Court of Auditions or Tribunal de Contas;
• Supreme Military Court or Supremo Tribunal Militar;
• judges for all courts appointed by the president

• National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola KABANGU];
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party);
• New Democracy Electoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA];
• Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975);
• Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

note: nine other parties participated in the legislative election in September 2008 but won no seats

chief of mission:

Ambassador Alberto do Carmo BENTO RIBEIRO

chancery:

2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:

[1] (202) 785-1156

FAX:

[1] (202) 785-1258

consulate(s) general:

Houston, New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Christopher J. MCMULLEN

embassy:

number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda

mailing address:

international mail:

Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone:

[244] (222) 64-1000

FAX:

[244] (222) 64-1232

• two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle);
• red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

name:

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

lyrics/music:

Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

note: adopted 1975

agriculture:

85%

industry and services:

15% (2003 est.)

lowest 10%:

0.6%

highest 10%:

44.7% (2000)

• bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains;
• livestock;
• forest products;
• fish

• petroleum;
• diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold;
• cement;
• basic metal products;
• fish processing;
• food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar;
• textiles;
• ship repair

general assessment:

• limited system;
• state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005;
• demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor;
• Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network;
• by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5;
• Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns;
• a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001

domestic:

only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 70 telephones per 100 persons in 2010

international:

• country code - 244;
• landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia;
• satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)

• state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach;
• state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels;
• a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite;
• TV subscription services are available;
• state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations;
• about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

total:

2,764 km

country comparison to the world: 59

narrow gauge:

2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2010)

total:

51,429 km

country comparison to the world: 79

paved:

5,349 km

unpaved:

46,080 km (2001)

• 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service;
• conscript service obligation - 2 years;
• 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service;
• Angolan citizenship required;
• the Marinha de Guerra Angola (Navy, MgA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2011)

males age 16-49:

3,062,438

females age 16-49:

2,964,262 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

1,546,781

females age 16-49:

1,492,308 (2010 est.)

male:

155,476

female:

152,054 (2010 est.)

refugees (country of origin):

12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

IDPs:

61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

current situation:

• Angola is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor;
• internally, trafficking victims reportedly are forced to labor in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and diamond mines;
• Angolan women and children are subjected to domestic servitude in South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Namibia, and some European nations, primarily Portugal;
• Vietnamese, Chinese, and Brazilian women in prostitution in Angola may also be victims of sex trafficking;
• reports indicate that Chinese, South East Asian, Namibian, and possibly Congolese migrants are subjected to forced labor in Angola's construction industry

tier rating:

• Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Angola does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking;
• however, it is making efforts to do so;
• the government did not demonstrate an increase in its modest anti-trafficking efforts of the previous year;
• no efforts were made to improve its minimal protection services provided to victims or to raise awareness of trafficking (2011)