Angola
Republic of AngolaRepublica de Angola
presidential republicIndependence 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Angola as the 2023 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 169 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.
No fields match. Try a shorter word.
Introduction
1 fieldBackground
Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6 th century A.D.; by the 10 th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late 14th to the mid 19th century a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity.
Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers - often in collaboration with local kingdoms including the Kongo. Estimates are that the Angola area may have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was the 17 th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, Nzingha Mbande, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign.
Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Angola’s modern borders were set by Portugal and other European powers, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.
The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961 and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Conflict between Angola’s multiple independence movements quickly emerged with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor.
After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict with the MPLA supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba and UNITA by apartheid South Africa and the US. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power.
DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.
Geography
Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
20 fieldsLand useshare of 1,246,700 sq km
Location
Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Climate
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Natural resources
petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
Major rivers (by length in km)
- Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km;
- Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Atlantic Ocean drainage:
- Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
- Indian Ocean drainage:
- Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
- Internal (endorheic basin) drainage:
- Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
Population distribution
- most people live in the western half of the country;
- urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map
Geography - note
the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo
People and Society
36 fieldsAge structuremale left, female right · (2023 est.)
Per 1,000 population(2023 est.)
Male · female(2015)
Religions(2014 est.)
Languages
- Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%;
- note - data represent most widely spoken languages;
- shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)
Demographic profile
More than two decades after the end of Angola's 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country's rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, about 30 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population.
Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population - about 48% are under the age of 15 as of 2022 - is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more than 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use.
Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola's high maternal mortality rate.
Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries.
Population distribution
- most people live in the western half of the country;
- urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map
Sex ratio
- at birth:
- 1.03 male(s)/female
- 0-14 years:
- 1 male(s)/female
- 15-64 years:
- 0.93 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over:
- 0.72 male(s)/female
- total population:
- 0.96 male(s)/female (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate
- total:
- 57.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)
- male:
- 62.4 deaths/1,000 live births
- female:
- 51.9 deaths/1,000 live births
Major infectious diseases
- degree of risk:
- very high (2023)
- food or waterborne diseases:
- bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever
- vectorborne diseases:
- dengue fever, malaria
- water contact diseases:
- schistosomiasis
- animal contact diseases:
- rabies
Alcohol consumption per capita
- total:
- 5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- beer:
- 3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- wine:
- 0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- spirits:
- 1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- other alcohols:
- 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Child marriage
- women married by age 15:
- 7.9%
- women married by age 18:
- 30.3%
- men married by age 18:
- 6% (2016 est.)
Environment
14 fieldsLand use(2018 est.)
Environment - current issues
- overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures;
- desertification;
- deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity;
- soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams;
- inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements
- party to:
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
- signed, but not ratified:
- none of the selected agreements
Climate
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Urbanization
- urban population:
- 68.7% of total population (2023)
- rate of urbanization:
- 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Air pollutants
- particulate matter emissions:
- 27.16 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- carbon dioxide emissions:
- 34.69 megatons (2016 est.)
- methane emissions:
- 23.28 megatons (2020 est.)
Major rivers (by length in km)
- Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km;
- Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km
note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Atlantic Ocean drainage:
- Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
- Indian Ocean drainage:
- Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)
- Internal (endorheic basin) drainage:
- Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)
Total water withdrawal
- municipal:
- 320 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
- industrial:
- 240 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
- agricultural:
- 150 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Government
Presidential republic; President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017); President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022)
22 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional, 220 seats, elected 24 August 2022one dot, one seat
Percent of vote
Composition: men 146, women 74, percent of women 33.6%
Country name
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Angola
- conventional short form:
- Angola
- local long form:
- Republica de Angola
- local short form:
- Angola
- former:
- People's Republic of Angola
- etymology:
- name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now Angola)
Capital
- name:
- Luanda
- geographic coordinates:
- 8 50 S, 13 13 E
- time difference:
- UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- daylight saving time:
- does not observe daylight savings time
- etymology:
- originally named "Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda
Administrative divisions
- 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia);
- Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire
Constitution
- history:
- previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010
- amendments:
- proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership;
- passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
- citizenship by birth:
- no
- citizenship by descent only:
- at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola
- dual citizenship recognized:
- no
- residency requirement for naturalization:
- 10 years
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017);
- Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022);
- note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
- head of government:
- President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Esperanca Francisco DA COSTA (since 15 September 2022)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers appointed by the president
- elections/appointments:
- the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president;
- president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term);
- last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)
- election results:
- Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election
Legislative branch
- description:
- unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)
- elections:
- last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held in 2027)
- election results:
- percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, PRS 1.1%, other 1.7%;
- seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, FNLA 2, PHA 2, PRS 2;
- composition - men 146, women 74, percent of women 33.6%
Judicial branch
- highest court(s):
- Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges);
- Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)
- judge selection and term of office:
- Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president;
- judge tenure NA;
- Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula;
- judges serve single 7-year terms
- subordinate courts:
- provincial and municipal courts
Political parties and leaders
- Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Manuel FERNANDES]
- Humanist Party of Angola or PHI [Florbela MALAQUIAS]
- National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Adalberto Costa JUNIOR] (largest opposition party)
- Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Joao LOURENCO]; note- ruling party in power since 1975
- Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-DÚNEM (since 30 June 2023)
- chancery:
- 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 785-1156
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 822-9049
- email address and website:
- [email protected]; https://angola.org/
- consulate(s) general:
- Houston, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Tulinabo S. MUSHINGI (since 9 March 2022)
- embassy:
- Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda
- mailing address:
- 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550
- telephone:
- [244] (222) 64-1000
- FAX:
- [244] (222) 64-1000
- email address and website:
- [email protected]; https://ao.usembassy.gov/
Flag description
- two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle);
- red represents liberty and black the African continent;
- the symbols characterize workers and peasants
National symbol(s)
Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow
National anthem
- name:
- "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)
- lyrics/music:
- Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO
note: adopted 1975
National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites:
- 1 (cultural)
- selected World Heritage Site locales:
- Mbanza-Kongo
Economy
34 fieldsGDP - composition, by sector of origin(2011 est.)
Trading partnersexports left, imports right
By end use% of GDP · (2017 est.)
Budget(2019 est.)
Economic overview
- African oil leader and OPEC member;
- fairly stable currency;
- widespread poverty;
- emerging African finance and investment capital;
- systemic public corruption and lack of oversight;
- massive foreign direct investment recipient
Credit ratings
- Fitch rating:
- CCC (2020)
- Moody's rating:
- Caa1 (2020)
Standard & Poors rating: CCC+ (2020)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
Agricultural products
cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, pineapples, sugar cane, potatoes, citrus fruit, vegetables, cabbage
Industries
- petroleum;
- diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold;
- cement;
- basic metal products;
- fish processing;
- food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar;
- textiles;
- ship repair
Average household expenditures
- on food:
- 48.6% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
- on alcohol and tobacco:
- 1.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
Current account balance
$8.399 billion (2021 est.) · $871.918 million (2020 est.) · $5.137 billion (2019 est.)
Exports
$33.675 billion (2021 est.) · $21.004 billion (2020 est.) · $35.18 billion (2019 est.) note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, refined petroleum, asphalt mixtures (2021)
Imports
$18.845 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars; $15.146 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars; $22.299 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$14.468 billion (31 December 2021 est.) · $13.782 billion (31 December 2020 est.) · $16.335 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
Exchange rates
kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 631.442 (2021 est.) · 578.259 (2020 est.) · 364.826 (2019 est.) · 252.856 (2018 est.) · 165.916 (2017 est.)
Energy
11 fieldsElectrification% of population · (2018–21)
Installed generating capacity, 7.344 million kW(2020 est.)
Coal
- production:
- 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
- consumption:
- 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
- exports:
- 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
- imports:
- 0 metric tons (2020 est.)
- proven reserves:
- 0 metric tons (2019 est.)
Petroleum
- total petroleum production:
- 1,197,600 bbl/day (2021 est.)
- refined petroleum consumption:
- 133,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)
- crude oil and lease condensate exports:
- 1,367,400 bbl/day (2018 est.)
- crude oil and lease condensate imports:
- 0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
- crude oil estimated reserves:
- 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
- production:
- 6,767,715,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
- consumption:
- 860.887 million cubic meters (2019 est.)
- exports:
- 5,877,945,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)
- imports:
- 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)
- proven reserves:
- 343.001 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
19.362 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
- from coal and metallurgical coke:
- 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
- from petroleum and other liquids:
- 17.673 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
- from consumed natural gas:
- 1.689 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)
Communications
7 fieldsPer 100 inhabitants(2020–21 est.)
Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions:
- 119,826 (2021 est.)
- subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
- (2021 est.) less than 1
Telecommunication systems
- general assessment:
- Angola’s telecom sector in recent years has benefited from political stability, which has encouraged foreign investment in the sector;
- the government and regulator have also set in train mechanisms to open up the telecom sector to new competitors, mobile services were launched in April 2022;
- the MNOs were slow to develop LTE services, instead relying on their GSM and 3G network capabilities;
- there has been slow progress in LTE network development, with only a small proportion of the country covered by network infrastructure;
- the Ministry of Telecommunications in early 2021 set up a 5G hub to assess 5G user cases;
- the regulator in November 2021 granted licenses to various companies offering 5G services, with spectrum in the 3.3-3.7GHz range having been set aside for such services (2022)
- domestic:
- less than one fixed-line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 44 telephones per 100 persons (2021)
- international:
- country code - 244;
- landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, WACS, ACE and SACS fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to other countries in west Africa, Brazil, Europe and Asia;
- satellite earth stations - 29, Angosat-2 satellite expected by 2021 (2019)
Broadcast media
- state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach;
- state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels;
- a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite;
- TV subscription services are available;
- state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 26 stations;
- approximately20 private radio stations broadcast locally
Transportation
12 fieldsMerchant marine, 58 ships by typeone square, one ship · (2022)
Airports by runway lengthpaved only
Networkskm
National air transport system
- number of registered air carriers:
- 10 (2020); inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55
- annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:
- 1,516,628 (2018)
- annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:
- 78.16 million (2018) mt-km
Airports - with unpaved runways
70
note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length;
airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control
Ports and terminals
- major seaport(s):
- Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe
- LNG terminal(s) (export):
- Angola Soyo
Military and Security
7 fieldsMilitary and security forces
Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army); Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2023)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 100,000 active troops (mostly Army; 5-6,000 Air Force and Navy); estimated 10,000 Rapid Reaction Police (2023)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or of Soviet-era origin;
- in recent years, Russia has been the principal supplier of military hardware to Angola (2023)
Military service age and obligation
- 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men (registration at age 18 is mandatory);
- 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women;
- 24-month conscript service obligation;
- Angolan citizenship required;
- the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2023)
Military deployments
in 2023, Angola agreed to send 500 troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for 12 months to oversee cantonment of a rebel group known as M23, though as of publication few troops had actually deployed. Angola has also deployed military advisors as part of a SADC deployment to confront ISIS-M in Mozambique.
Military - note
- the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA);
- the current force is responsible for country’s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, including border protection, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale counterinsurgency operations against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda;
- the Army is one of the largest in the region with six infantry divisions spread amongst six military regions;
- it is also one of the better equipped, with a significant portion of its units being motorized and supported by approximately 300 Soviet-era tanks, largely acquired in the 1980s and 1990s;
- the Air Force is also one of the largest and best equipped in the region with a fleet of approximately 100 combat aircraft, plus a substantial inventory of transport aircraft and helicopter gunships;
- while naval modernization has received more attention in recent years, the Navy remains a small force of fast attack and coastal patrol craft (2023)
Space
2 fieldsSpace agency/agencies
National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gestão do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2023)
Space program overview
- has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry;
- contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites;
- operates satellites;
- cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France and Russia (2023)
note: further details about the key activities, programs, and milestones of the country’s space program, as well as government spending estimates on the space sector, appear in Appendix S
Transnational Issues
3 fieldsDisputes - international
- Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC):
- has had disputes over land and maritime borders with the DRC; maritime disputes have largely been about offshore oil claims
- Angola-Namibia:
- none identified
- Angola-Republic of Congo:
- (Kabinda Exclave) none identified
- Angola-Zambia:
- because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees (country of origin): 22,969 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (refugees and asylum seekers), 9,272 (Guinea), 6,357 (Cote d'Ivoire), 5,725 (Mauritania) (2023)
Illicit drugs
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa
Cite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “Angola.” The World Factbook 2023. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/angola/2023.