Angola

• Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km;
• Okavango river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km

note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage:

Congo (3,730,881 sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage:

Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)

Internal (endorheic basin) drainage:

Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)

• most people live in the western half of the country;
• urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map

noun:

Angolan(s)

adjective:

Angolan

• Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6%;
• note - data represent most widely spoken languages;
• shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)

• most people live in the western half of the country;
• urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda as shown in this population distribution map

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

0.95 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.91 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.89 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.59 male(s)/female

total population:

0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

degree of risk:

very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, malaria

water contact diseases:

schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases:

rabies

total:

5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

beer:

3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

wine:

0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

spirits:

1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

other alcohols:

0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

women married by age 15:

7.9%

women married by age 18:

30.3%

men married by age 18:

6% (2016 est.)

• overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures;
• desertification;
• deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity;
• soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams;
• inadequate supplies of potable water

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

particulate matter emissions:

27.95 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.)

carbon dioxide emissions:

34.69 megatons (2016 est.)

methane emissions:

23.28 megatons (2020 est.)

urban population:

68.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

degree of risk:

very high (2020)

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, malaria

water contact diseases:

schistosomiasis

animal contact diseases:

rabies

• Zambezi (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km;
• Okavango river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km

note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Atlantic Ocean drainage:

Congo (3,730,881 sq km)

Indian Ocean drainage:

Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km)

Internal (endorheic basin) drainage:

Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km)

municipal:

319.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

industrial:

239.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

agricultural:

146.7 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of Angola

conventional short form:

Angola

local long form:

Republica de Angola

local short form:

Angola

former:

People's Republic of Angola

etymology:

name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)

name:

Luanda

geographic coordinates:

8 50 S, 13 13 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

does not observe daylight savings time

etymology:

originally named "Sao Paulo da Assuncao de Loanda" (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda), which over time was shortened and corrupted to just Luanda

• 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia);
• Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

history:

previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010

amendments:

• proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership;
• passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

10 years

chief of state:

• President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022);
• Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022);
• note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 15 September 2022); Vice President Bornito De Sousa Baltazar DIOGO (since 15 September 2022)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections/appointments:

• the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president;
• president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term);
• last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)

election results:

Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election

description:

unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by closed list proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms)

elections:

last held on 24 August 2022 (next to be held on 24 August 2027)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - MPLA 51.1%, UNITA 43.9%, PRS 1.1%, FNLA 1.1%, PHA 1%, other 1.7%;
• seats by party - MPLA 124, UNITA 90, PRS 2, FNLA 2;
• PHA-2;
• composition - men 146, women 74, percent of women 33.6%

highest court(s):

• Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges);
• Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges)

judge selection and term of office:

• Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president;
• judge tenure NA;
• Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula;
• judges serve single 7-year terms

subordinate courts:

provincial and municipal courts

• Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Manuel FERNANDES]
• National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Adalberto Costa JUNIOR] (largest opposition party)
• Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Joao LOURENCO]; note- ruling party in power since 1975
• Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Joaquim do Espirito SANTO (since 16 September 2019)

chancery:

2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:

[1] (202) 785-1156

FAX:

[1] (202) 822-9049

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://angola.org/

consulate(s) general:

Houston, New York

chief of mission:

Ambassador Tulinabo S. MUSHINGI, (since 9 March 2022)

embassy:

Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda

mailing address:

2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550

telephone:

[244] (222) 64-1000

FAX:

[244] (222) 64-1000

email address and website:

[email protected]; https://ao.usembassy.gov/

• two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle);
• red represents liberty and black the African continent;
• the symbols characterize workers and peasants

name:

"Angola Avante" (Forward Angola)

lyrics/music:

Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO

note: adopted 1975

total World Heritage Sites:

1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

Mbanza-Kongo

Fitch rating:

CCC (2020)

Moody's rating:

Caa1 (2020)

Standard & Poors rating: CCC+ (2020)

note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

• petroleum;
• diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold;
• cement;
• basic metal products;
• fish processing;
• food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar;
• textiles;
• ship repair

agriculture:

85%

industry:

15% (2015 est.)

industry and services:

15% (2003 est.)

total:

17.3%

male:

17.9%

female:

16.7% (2014 est.)

lowest 10%:

0.6%

highest 10%:

44.7% (2000)

production:

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

consumption:

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

exports:

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

imports:

0 metric tons (2020 est.)

proven reserves:

0 metric tons (2019 est.)

total petroleum production:

1,197,600 bbl/day (2021 est.)

refined petroleum consumption:

133,400 bbl/day (2019 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate exports:

1,367,400 bbl/day (2018 est.)

crude oil and lease condensate imports:

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

crude oil estimated reserves:

7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.)

production:

6,767,715,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

consumption:

860.887 million cubic meters (2019 est.)

exports:

5,877,945,000 cubic meters (2019 est.)

imports:

0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

proven reserves:

343.001 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

total subscriptions:

119,164 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:

(2020 est.) less than 1

• state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach;
• state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels;
• a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite;
• TV subscription services are available;
• state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations;
• about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally

number of registered air carriers:

10 (2020); inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55

annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:

1,516,628 (2018)

annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:

78.16 million (2018) mt-km

total:

2,852 km (2014)

narrow gauge:

2,729 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-mm gauge

total:

26,000 km (2018)

paved:

13,600 km (2018)

unpaved:

12,400 km (2018)

total:

54

by type:

general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 33 (2021)

major seaport(s):

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

LNG terminal(s) (export):

Angola Soyo

• Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army);
• Rapid Reaction Police (paramilitary) (2022)

• most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian, Soviet, or Warsaw Pact origin;
• since 2010, Russia has been the principal supplier of military hardware to Angola (2021)

• 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men (registration at age 18 is mandatory);
• 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women;
• 2-year conscript service obligation;
• Angolan citizenship required;
• the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2021)

the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

the Angolan Armed Forces are responsible for external security but also have domestic security responsibilities, including border security, expulsion of irregular migrants, and small-scale actions against groups like the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda separatists in Cabinda (2022)

• the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Angola are a risk for armed robbery against ships;
• in 2021, four attacks against commercial vessels were reported, a decrease from the six attacks in 2020;
• most of these occurred in the main port of Luanda while ships were berthed or at anchor

Angola-Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC):

DRC accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Angola-Namibia:

none identified

Angola-Republic of Congo:

(Kabinda Exclave) none identified

Angola-Zambia:

because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary