Agricultural products In 36 editions of 36.

the production of major food crops has increased substantially in the last 20 years. The annual production of cereals, for instance, has risen by 50%, from about 1.2 billion metric tons to about 1.8 billion metric tons; production increases have resulted mainly from increased yields rather than increases in planted areas; while global production is sufficient for aggregate demand, about one-fifth of the world's population remains malnourished, primarily because local production cannot adequately provide for large and rapidly growing populations, which are too poor to pay for food imports; conditions are especially bad in Africa where drought in recent years has exacerbated the consequences of all other factors

• accounts for 11% of GDP and employs 24% of labor force;
• net importer of food - grain, vegetable oil, and sugar;
• farm production includes wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits, sheep, and cattle

• cash crops - coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, tobacco;
• food crops - cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas;
• livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry 2% of total agricultural output;
• disruptions caused by civil war and marketing deficiencies require food imports

• small farms produce 90% of agricultural output;
• production is dominated by food crops - corn, sorghum, cassava, beans, and rice;
• cash crops include cotton, palm oil, and peanuts;
• poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption

• accounts for only 3% of DGP;
• subsistence farming predominates;
• cattle raising supports 50% of the population;
• must import large share of food needs

• accounts for about 40% of GDP;
• cash crops - peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton;
• food crops - sorghum, millet, corn, rice;
• livestock;
• not self-sufficient in food grains

• accounts for 60% of GDP;
• 90% of population dependent on subsistence farming;
• marginally self-sufficient in food production;
• cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea;
• food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc;
• livestock - meat, milk, hides, and skins

• accounts for 16% of GDP;
• largely subsistence farming;
• bananas are the only export crop;
• other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes, coffee;
• growth potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and limited rainfall;
• annual food imports required;
• fish catch provides for both domestic consumption and small exports

• the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing nearly 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods;
• commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches

• accounts for 40% of GDP;
• self-sufficient in food production except for grain;
• commercial crops - cotton, coffee, tobacco, timber;
• food crops - manioc, yams, millet, corn, bananas

• accounts for about 45% of GDP;
• largely subsistence farming;
• cotton most important cash crop;
• food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels;
• self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall

• accounts for 34% of GDP;
• most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing;
• plantations produce cash crops for export - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, and copra;
• principal food crops - coconuts, bananas, cassava;
• world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla;
• large net food importer

• cash crops - coffee,
• palm oil,
• rubber,
• quinine;
• food crops - cassava,
• bananas,
• root crops,
• corn

• accounts for 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• cassava accounts for 90% of food output;
• other crops - rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables;
• cash crops include coffee and cocoa;
• forest products important export earner;
• imports over 90% of food needs

• most important sector, contributing one-third to GDP and 80% to exports;
• cash crops include coffee, cocoa beans, timber, bananas, palm kernels, rubber;
• food crops - corn, rice, manioc, sweet potatoes;
• not self-sufficient in bread grain and dairy products

• accounts for only 5% of GDP;
• scanty rainfall limits crop production to mostly fruit and vegetables;
• half of population pastoral nomads herding goats, sheep, and camels;
• imports bulk of food needs

• accounts for 20% of GDP and employs more than one-third of labor force;
• dependent on irrigation water from the Nile;
• world's sixth-largest cotton exporter;
• other crops produced include rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruit, vegetables;
• not self-sufficient in food;
• livestock - cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats;
• annual fish catch about 140,000 metric tons

• cash crops - timber and coffee from Rio Muni,
• cocoa from Bioko;
• food crops - rice,
• yams,
• cassava,
• bananas,
• oil palm nuts,
• manioc,
• livestock

• accounts for 23% of GDP and over 60% of labor force;
• mostly subsistence agriculture;
• cash crops - sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus fruit, pineapples;
• other crops and livestock - corn, sorghum, peanuts, cattle, goats, sheep;
• not self-sufficient in grain

• accounts for 45% of GDP and is the most important sector of the economy even though frequent droughts and poor cultivation practices keep farm output low;
• famines not uncommon;
• export crops of coffee and oilseeds grown partly on state farms;
• estimated 50% of agricultural production at subsistence level;
• principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats

• accounts for 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• cash crops - cocoa, coffee, palm oil;
• livestock not developed;
• importer of food;
• small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons;
• okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber product

• accounts for 30% of GDP and employs about 75% of the population;
• imports one-third of food requirements;
• major export crop is peanuts;
• the other principal crops - millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava, palm kernels;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, and goats;
• forestry and fishing resources not fully exploited

• accounts for more than 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• the major cash crop is cocoa;
• other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber;
• normally self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry);
• mostly subsistence farming;
• principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber;
• livestock - cattle, sheep and goats;
• not self-sufficient in food grains

• accounts for over 50% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment;
• rice is the staple food;
• other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton;
• not self-sufficient in food;
• fishing and forestry potential not fully exploited

• most important sector, accounting for 29% of GDP, about 19% of the work force, and over 50% of exports;
• cash crops - coffee, tea, sisal, pineapple;
• food products - corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products;
• food output not keeping pace with population growth

• accounts for 18% of GDP and employs 60-70% of all households;
• exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock;
• principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley

• accounts for about 40% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• principal products - rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas, sheep, and goats;
• not self-sufficient in food, imports 25% of rice consumption

• 5% of GNP;
• cash crops - wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts;
• 75% of food is imported

• accounts for 40% of GDP;
• cash crops - coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa;
• food crops - rice, cassava, beans, bananas, peanuts;
• cattle raising widespread;
• almost self-sufficient in rice

• accounts for 40% of GDP;
• cash crops - tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, and corn;
• subsistence crops - potatoes, cassava, sorghum, pulses;
• livestock - cattle and goats

• accounts for 50% of GDP;
• most production based on small subsistence farms;
• cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports;
• other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, and goats

• accounts for 29% of GDP (including fishing);
• largely subsistence farming and nomadic cattle and sheep herding except in Senegal river valley;
• crops - dates, millet, sorghum, root crops;
• fish products number-one export;
• large food deficit in years of drought

• accounts for 10% of GDP;
• about 90% of cultivated land in sugarcane;
• other products - tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses, cattle, goats, fish;
• net food importer, especially rice and fish

• most important sector;
• provides all export earnings;
• crops - vanilla, ylang-ylang, coffee, copra;
• imports major share of food needs

• 50% of employment and 30% of export value;
• not self-sufficient in food;
• cereal farming and livestock raising predominate;
• barley, wheat, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives;
• fishing catch of 491,000 metric tons in 1987

• accounts for 80% of the labor force, 50% of GDP, and about 90% of exports;
• cash crops - cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp;
• other crops - cassava, corn, rice, tropical fruits;
• not self-sufficient in food

• mostly subsistence farming;
• livestock raising major source of cash income;
• crops - millet, sorghum, peanuts;
• fish catch potential of over 1 million metric tons not being fulfilled, 1988 catch reaching only 384,000 metric tons;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for roughly 40% of GDP and 90% of labor force;
• cash crops - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts;
• food crops - millet, sorghum, cassava, rice;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, goats;
• self-sufficient in food except in drought years

• accounts for 32% of GDP and half of labor force;
• inefficient small-scale farming dominates;
• once a large net exporter of food and now an importer;
• cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber;
• food crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs;
• fishing and forestry resources extensively exploited

• accounts for 30% of labor force;
• dominant sector of economy;
• cash crops - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco;
• food crops - tropical fruits, vegetables, corn;
• imports large share of food needs

• accounts for almost 50% of GDP and about 90% of the labor force;
• cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums);
• main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes;
• stock raising;
• self-sufficiency declining;
• country imports foodstuffs as farm production fails to keep up with a 3.8% annual growth in population

• maize, potatoes, vegetables;
• timber production being developed;
• crawfishing on Tristan da Cunha

• dominant sector of economy, primary source of exports;
• cash crops - cocoa (85%), coconuts, palm kernels, coffee;
• food products - bananas, papaya, beans, poultry, fish;
• not self-sufficient in food grain and meat

• including fishing, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 75% of labor force;
• major products - peanuts (cash crop), millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables;
• estimated two-thirds self-sufficient in food;
• fish catch of 299,000 metric tons in 1987

• accounts for 7% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming;
• cash crops - coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla;
• other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas;
• broiler chickens;
• large share of food needs imported;
• expansion of tuna fishing under way

• accounts for over 30% of GDP and two-thirds of the labor force;
• largely subsistence farming;
• cash crops - coffee, cocoa, palm kernels;
• harvests of food staple rice meets 80% of domestic needs;
• annual fish catch averages 53,000 metric tons

• dominant sector, led by livestock raising (cattle, sheep, goats);
• crops - bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane;
• not self-sufficient in food;
• fishing potential largely unexploited

• accounts for about 5% of GDP and 30% of labor force;
• diversified agriculture, with emphasis on livestock;
• products - cattle, poultry, sheep, wool, milk, beef, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables;
• self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 35% of GDP and 80% of labor force;
• water shortages;
• two-thirds of land area suitable for raising crops and livestock;
• major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep;
• marginally self-sufficient in most foods

• accounts for over 45% of GDP;
• topography and climatic conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area;
• cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar);
• food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, and vegetables;
• small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats;
• not self-sufficient in food grain production

• cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton;
• food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum;
• livestock production not significant;
• annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

• accounts for 16% of GDP and one-third of labor force;
• output subject to severe fluctuations because of frequent droughts;
• export crops - olives, dates, oranges, almonds;
• other products - grain, sugar beets, wine grapes, poultry, beef, dairy;
• not self-sufficient in food;
• fish catch of 99,200 metric tons (1987)

• mainly subsistence;
• accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force;
• cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco;
• food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses;
• livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry;
• self-sufficient in food

• limited largely to subsistence agriculture;
• some barley is grown in nondrought years;
• fruit and vegetables are grown in the few oases;
• food imports are essential;
• camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives;
• cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces

• accounts for 17% of GDP and 85% of labor force;
• crops - corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava;
• cattle, goats, beef, eggs

• accounts for 11% of GDP and employs 74% of population;
• 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands;
• crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs;
• self-sufficient in food

• sector dominated by fishing and sheep raising;
• crops limited to forage and small garden vegetables;
• 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons

• accounts for about 25% of GDP (including fishing);
• fishing is most important economic activity, contributing nearly 75% to export earnings;
• principal crops - potatoes and turnips;
• livestock - cattle, sheep;
• self-sufficient in crops;
• fish catch of about 1.4 million metric tons in 1989

• largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal husbandry;
• cash products - wheat,
• fruits,
• nuts,
• karakul pelts,
• wool,
• mutton

• only 10% of land area is arable;
• employs 18% of labor force;
• citrus, cotton, and dairy farming;
• vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs

• cotton,
• grain,
• rice,
• grapes,
• fruit,
• vegetables,
• tea,
• tobacco;
• cattle,
• pigs,
• sheep and goats

• accounts for about 40% of GDP, 70% of employment, and one-third of exports;
• imports 10% of food grain requirements;
• world's largest exporter of jute;
• commercial products - jute, rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, beef, milk, poultry;
• shortages include wheat, vegetable oils and cotton;
• fish catch 778,000 metric tons in 1986

• accounts for 50% of GDP;
• based on subsistence farming and animal husbandry;
• self-sufficient in food except for foodgrains;
• other production - rice, corn, root crops, citrus fruit, dairy, and eggs

• accounts for 26% of GNP;
• among the world's largest producers of rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, and pork;
• commercial crops include cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds;
• produces variety of livestock products;
• basically self-sufficient in food;
• fish catch of 8 million metric tons in 1986

• accounted for 97% of former USSR citrus fruits and 93% of former USSR tea;
• berries and grapes;
• sugar;
• vegetables, grains, and potatoes;
• cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and poultry

• accounts for about 30% of GDP and employs 67% of labor force;
• self-sufficient in food grains;
• principal crops - rice, wheat, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes;
• livestock - cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry;
• fish catch of about 3 million metric tons ranks India among the world's top 10 fishing nations

• accounts for only 2% of GDP;
• highly subsidized and protected sector, with crop yields among highest in world;
• principal crops - rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit;
• animal products include pork, poultry, dairy and eggs;
• about 50% self-sufficient in food production;
• shortages of wheat, corn, soybeans;
• world's largest fish catch of 11.9 million metric tons in 1988

• employs 30% of the labor force;
• grain, mostly spring wheat;
• meat, cotton, wool

• accounts for about 25% of GNP and 36% of work force;
• principal crops - rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses;
• livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, pork, eggs;
• not self-sufficient in grain;
• fish catch estimated at 1.7 million metric tons in 1987

• accounts for 8% of GNP and employs 21% of work force (including fishing and forestry);
• principal crops - rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit;
• livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, chickens, milk, eggs;
• self-sufficient in food, except for wheat;
• fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh-largest in world

• wool,
• tobacco,
• cotton,
• livestock (sheep and goats) and cattle,
• vegetables,
• meat,
• grapes,
• fruits and berries,
• eggs,
• milk,
• potatoes

• accounts for almost 30% of GDP (including fishing);
• fishing more important than farming;
• limited production of coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes;
• most staple foods must be imported;
• fish catch of 67,000 tons (1990 est.)

• accounts for about 20% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population;
• livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses);
• crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage

• accounts for 60% of GDP and 90% of work force;
• farm products - rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops, milk, buffalo meat;
• not self-sufficient in food, particularly in drought years

• 25% of GNP, over 50% of labor force;
• world's largest contiguous irrigation system;
• major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables;
• live-stock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs;
• self-sufficient in food grain

grain, meat, milk, vegetables, fruits; because of its northern location Russia does not grow citrus, cotton, tea, and other warm climate products

• accounts for 26% of GDP and nearly half of labor force;
• most important staple crop is paddy rice;
• other field crops - sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseeds, roots, spices;
• cash crops - tea, rubber, coconuts;
• animal products - milk, eggs, hides, meat;
• not self-sufficient in rice production

• cotton,
• grain,
• fruits,
• grapes,
• vegetables;
• cattle,
• pigs,
• sheep and goats,
• yaks

• cotton,
• fruits,
• vegetables

cotton, with much smaller production of grain, fruits, vegetables, and livestock

• pigeon peas,
• corn,
• sweet potatoes,
• sheep,
• goats,
• pigs,
• cattle,
• poultry

• accounts for 4% of GDP;
• expanding output of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and livestock;
• other crops - bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane;
• not self-sufficient in food

poor quality soils and low rainfall limit agricultural activity to the cultivation of aloes, some livestock, and fishing

• accounts for less than 5% of GDP;
• dominated by small-scale producers;
• principal products--citrus fruit, vegetables, poultry;
• large net importer of food *** No entry for this item ***

• accounts for 10% of GDP;
• major cash crop is sugarcane;
• other crops - vegetables and cotton;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 30% of GDP (including fish and forestry);
• commercial crops include sugarcane, bananas, coca, citrus fruits;
• expanding output of lumber and cultured shrimp;
• net importer of basic foods

• livestock (including poultry),
• fish,
• fruit,
• vegetables

• minor production of vegetables,
• fruit,
• livestock;
• turtle farming

• accounts for 20-25% of GDP and 70% of exports;
• cash commodities - coffee, beef, bananas, sugar;
• other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes;
• normally self-sufficient in food except for grain;
• depletion of forest resources resulting in lower timber output

• accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry);
• key commercial crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits;
• other products - coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans;
• world's largest sugar exporter;
• not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar)

• accounts for 30% of GDP;
• principal crops - bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, and coconuts;
• bananas provide the bulk of export earnings;
• forestry and fisheries potential not exploited

• accounts for 15% of GDP and employs 49% of labor force;
• sugarcane is the most important commercial crop, followed by coffee, cotton, cocoa, and tobacco;
• food crops - rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas;
• animal output - cattle, hogs, dairy products, meat, eggs;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 25% of GDP and 40% of labor force (including fishing and forestry);
• coffee most important commercial crop;
• other products - sugarcane, corn, rice, beans, oilseeds, beef, dairy products, shrimp;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 16% of GDP and 80% of exports;
• bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, and mace account for two-thirds of total crop production;
• world's second-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter of nutmeg and mace;
• small-size farms predominate, growing a variety of citrus fruits, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, and vegetables

• cash crops - bananas and sugarcane;
• other products include tropical fruits and vegetables;
• livestock - cattle, pigs, and goats;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 26% of GDP;
• most important sector of economy and contributes two-thirds of export earnings;
• principal crops - sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom;
• livestock - cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens;
• food importer

• accounts for 28% of GDP and employs 74% of work force;
• mostly small-scale subsistence farms;
• commercial crops - coffee, mangoes, sugarcane and wood;
• staple crops - rice, corn, sorghum;
• shortage of wheat flour

• most important sector, accounting for more than 25% of GDP, over 60% of the labor force, and two-thirds of exports;
• principal products include bananas, coffee, timber, beef, citrus fruit, shrimp;
• importer of wheat

• accounts for about 9% of GDP, 22% of work force, and 17% of exports;
• commercial crops - sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, and vegetables;
• live-stock and livestock products include poultry, goats, milk;
• not self-sufficient in grain, meat, and dairy products

• including fishing and forestry, accounts for about 12% of GDP;
• principal crops - pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, and sugarcane for rum;
• dependent on imported food, particularly meat and vegetables

• accounts for 4% of GDP;
• small-scale farming;
• food crops - tomatoes, onions, peppers;
• not self-sufficient in food, especially livestock products

• hampered by poor soils and scarcity of water;
• chief products - aloes, sorghum, peanuts, fresh vegetables, tropical fruit;
• not self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 15% of GDP and 44% of work force;
• cash crops - coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton;
• food crops - rice, corn, cassava, citrus fruit, beans;
• variety of animal products - beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy;
• normally self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 12% of GDP (1991 est.), 25% of labor force (1989);
• crops - bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane;
• livestock;
• fishing;
• importer of food grain, vegetables

• accounts for 3% of labor force;
• crops - sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas;
• livestock - cattle, chickens;
• imports a large share of food needs

• cash crop - sugarcane;
• subsistence crops - rice, yams, vegetables, bananas;
• fishing potential not fully exploited;
• most food imported

• accounts for 16% of GDP and 43% of labor force;
• crops - bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus fruit, root crops, cocoa;
• imports food for the tourist industry

• accounts for 15% of GDP and 60% of labor force;
• provides bulk of exports;
• products - bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices;
• small numbers of cattle, sheep, hogs, goats;
• small fish catch used locally

• highly subsidized sector;
• major crops - cocoa and sugarcane;
• sugarcane acreage is being shifted into rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables;
• poultry sector most important source of animal protein;
• must import large share of food needs

• subsistence farming prevails, based on corn and beans;
• fishing more important than farming;
• not self-sufficient in food

• truck gardens,
• food crops (small scale),
• fruit,
• sorghum,
• Senepol cattle

• arable land per capita among lowest in Europe;
• over 60% of arable land now in private hands;
• one-half of work force engaged in farming;
• wide range of temperate-zone crops and livestock;
• severe dislocations suffered in 1991

sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables

• accounts for 3.2% of GDP (including forestry);
• principal crops and animals - grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets, sawn wood, cattle, pigs, poultry;
• 80-90% self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 5.7% of total agricultural output of former Soviet Union;
• employs 29% of the labor force;
• in 1988 produced the following (in percent

of total Soviet production):

grain (3.6%), potatoes (12.2%), vegetables (3.0%), meat (6.0%), milk (7.0%); net exporter of meat, milk, eggs, flour, and potatoes

• accounts for 2.3% of GDP;
• emphasis on livestock production - beef, veal, pork, milk;
• major crops are sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, and tobacco;
• net importer of farm products

• accounted for 8.6% of national income in 1989;
• regularly produces less than 50% of food needs;
• the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn;
• long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains;
• farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive

• accounts for 22% of GNP (1990);
• climate and soil conditions support livestock raising and the growing of various grain crops, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco;
• more than one-third of the arable land devoted to grain;
• world's fourth-largest tobacco exporter;
• surplus food producer

• Croatia normally produces a food surplus;
• most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria;
• much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting;
• wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia;
• central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming;
• coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables

• accounts for 9% of GDP (includes forestry);
• largely self-sufficient in food production;
• diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry;
• exporter of forest products

• accounts for 4.5% of GDP and employs 6% of labor force (includes fishing and forestry);
• farm products account for nearly 15% of export revenues;
• principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish;
• self-sufficient in food production

• employs 20% of work force;
• very efficient;
• net exports of meat, fish, dairy products, and potatoes;
• imports feedgrains for livestock;
• fruits and vegetables

• accounts for 27% of GDP and employs 27% of labor force;
• principal crops - potatoes and vegetables;
• livestock - sheep;
• annual fish catch about 360,000 metric tons

• accounts for 8% of GDP (including forestry);
• livestock production, especially dairy cattle, predominates;
• forestry is an important export earner and a secondary occupation for the rural population;
• main crops - cereals, sugar beets, potatoes;
• 85% self-sufficient, but short of foodgrains and fodder grains;
• annual fish catch about 160,000 metric tons

• accounts for 4% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• one of the world's top five wheat producers;
• other principal products - beef, dairy products, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes;
• self-sufficient for most temperate-zone foods;
• shortages include fats and oils and tropical produce, but overall net exporter of farm products;
• fish catch of 850,000 metric tons ranks among world's top 20 countries and is all used domestically

• West - accounts for about 2% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• diversified crop and livestock farming;
• principal crops and livestock include potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage, cattle, pigs, poultry;
• net importer of food;
• fish catch of 202,000 metric tons in 1987;
• East - accounts for about 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry);
• principal crops - wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit;
• livestock products include pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides and skins;
• net importer of food;
• fish catch of 193,600 metric tons in 1987

none

• including fishing and forestry, accounts for 17% of GDP and 27% of the labor force;
• principal products - wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes;
• self-sufficient in food except meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs;
• fish catch of 115,000 metric tons in 1988

• tomatoes,
• flowers (mostly grown in greenhouses),
• sweet peppers,
• eggplant,
• other vegetables and fruit;
• Guernsey cattle

• including forestry, accounts for about 15% of GDP and 19% of employment;
• highly diversified crop-livestock farming;
• principal crops - wheat, corn, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets;
• livestock - hogs, cattle, poultry, dairy products;
• self-sufficient in food output

• accounts for 11% of GDP and 15% of the labor force;
• principal crops - turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat;
• livestock - meat and dairy products;
• 85% self-sufficient in food;
• food shortages include bread grain, fruits, vegetables

• cereals and vegetables;
• cattle,
• sheep,
• pigs,
• poultry

• accounts for about 4% of GDP and 10% of the work force;
• self-sufficient in foods other than meat and dairy products;
• principal crops - fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives;
• fish catch of 388,200 metric tons in 1988

• potatoes,
• cauliflowers,
• tomatoes;
• dairy and cattle farming

• employs 23% of labor force;
• principally dairy farming and livestock feeding;
• products - meat, milk, eggs, grain, sugar beets, potatoes, and vegetables;
• fishing and fish packing

• livestock,
• vegetables,
• corn,
• wheat,
• potatoes,
• grapes

• employs 29% of labor force;
• sugar, grain, potatoes, sugarbeets, vegetables, meat, milk, dairy products, eggs, and fish;
• most developed are the livestock and dairy branches - these depend on imported grain;
• Lithuania is a net exporter of meat, milk, and eggs

• accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry);
• principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes;
• cattle raising widespread

• accounts for 3% of GDP;
• overall, 20% self-sufficient;
• main products - potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs;
• generally adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk, pork products;
• seasonal or periodic shortages in grain, animal fodder, fruits, other basic foodstuffs

Moldova's principal economic activity; products (shown in share of total

output of the former Soviet republics):

Grain (1.6%), sugar beets (2.6%), sunflower seed (4.4%), vegetables (4.4%), fruits and berries (9.7%), grapes (20.1%), meat (1.7%), milk (1.4%), and eggs (1.4%)

NA

• accounts for 4% of GDP;
• animal production predominates;
• crops - grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables;
• shortages of grain, fats, and oils

• provides 12% of Macedonia's GDP and meets the basic need for food;
• principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet;
• also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables;
• Macedonia is one of the seven legal cultivators of the opium poppy for the world pharmaceutical industry, including some exports to the US;
• agricultural production is highly labor intensive

• accounts for 2.8% of GDP and 6.4% of labor force;
• among world's top 10 fishing nations;
• livestock output exceeds value of crops;
• over half of food needs imported;
• fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989

• accounts for 15% of GDP and 27% of labor force;
• 75% of output from private farms, 25% from state farms;
• productivity remains low by European standards;
• leading European producer of rye, rapeseed, and potatoes;
• wide variety of other crops and livestock;
• major exporter of pork products;
• normally self-sufficient in food

• accounts for 6.1% of GDP and about 20% of labor force;
• small, inefficient farms;
• imports more than half of food needs;
• major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes;
• livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products

• accounts for 15% of GDP and 28% of labor force;
• major wheat and corn producer;
• other products - sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, milk, eggs, meat, grapes

• employs less than 4% of labor force;
• products - wheat, grapes, corn, olives, meat, cheese, hides;
• small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses;
• depends on Italy for food imports

• the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory;
• Vojvodina also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
• Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long growing season;
• produces fruit, grapes, and cereals;
• in this area, livestock production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper;
• Kosovo province produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals;
• the mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry;
• Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and rice

• dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming;
• main crops are potatoes, hops, hemp, and flax;
• although self-sufficient and having an export surplus in these commodities, Slovenia must import many other agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this sector

• accounts for about 5% of GDP and 14% of labor force;
• major products - grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus fruit, beef, pork, poultry, dairy;
• largely self-sufficient in food;
• fish catch of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations

• animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income;
• main crops - grains, sugar beets, potatoes;
• 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets