The CIA World Factbook Edition 2023 Energy

Electricity access In 10 editions of 36.

Electricity access was published in 10 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 2016 to 2025. The 2023 edition carries it in 227 entries, in its Energy section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 2023 edition
227
the first edition with it
2016
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Electricity access” (2016 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Electricity access, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Electricity access in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

World

1 entry

World

population without electricity:
757 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
91.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
84.4% (2021)

note: sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the largest number of people without access to electricity with 77% of the World's total

Africa

55 entries

Algeria

electrification - total population:
99.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.2% (2021)

Angola

population without electricity:
18 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
48.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
74.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
7.3% (2018)

Benin

population without electricity:
8 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
41.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
66.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
17.9% (2021)

Botswana

electrification - total population:
73.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
93% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
24.9% (2021)

Burkina Faso

population without electricity:
16 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
18.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
67.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
4.7% (2014)

Burundi

population without electricity:
11 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
10.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
62.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
1.6% (2021)

Cabo Verde

electrification - total population:
95.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
96.8% (2021)

Cameroon

population without electricity:
10 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
65.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
24.8% (2021)

Central African Republic

population without electricity:
5 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
15.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
34.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
1.5% (2021)

Chad

population without electricity:
15 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
11.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
43.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
1.3% (2021)

Comoros

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
87.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
82.8% (2021)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

population without electricity:
82 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
20.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
43.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
1% (2021)

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
49.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
66.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
12.3% (2021)

Cote d'Ivoire

population without electricity:
6 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
71.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
45.1% (2021)

Djibouti

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
65.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
73.4% (2019)
electrification - rural areas:
36.5% (2021)

Egypt

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Equatorial Guinea

electrification - total population:
66.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
90.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
47% (2020)

Eritrea

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
52.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
75.6% (2019)
electrification - rural areas:
35.7% (2021)

Eswatini

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
82.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
79.1% (2021)

Ethiopia

population without electricity:
59 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
54.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.3% (2019)
electrification - rural areas:
42.7% (2021)

Gabon

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
91.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
26.7% (2021)

Gambia, The now The Gambia

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
63.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
82.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
31.2% (2021)

Ghana

population without electricity:
5 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
86.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
95.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
74% (2021)

Guinea

population without electricity:
7 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
46.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
89.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
21.2% (2021)

Guinea-Bissau

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
35.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
60.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
15.8% (2021)

Kenya

population without electricity:
12 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
76.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
68.1% (2021)

Lesotho

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
50.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
80.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
37.7% (2021)

Liberia

population without electricity:
4 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
29.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
49.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
8% (2021)

Libya

electrification - total population:
70.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)

Madagascar

population without electricity:
20 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
35.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
72.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
10.9% (2021)

Malawi

population without electricity:
17 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
14.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
54.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
5.5% (2021)

Mali

population without electricity:
10 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
53.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
96.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
18.2% (2021)

Mauritania

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
47.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
89.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
1% (2020)

Mauritius

electrification - total population:
99.6% (2020)
electrification - urban areas:
99.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.8% (2021)

Morocco

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Mozambique

population without electricity:
19 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
31.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
77.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
3.8% (2021)

Namibia

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
55.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
74.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
33.2% (2021)

Niger

population without electricity:
21 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
18.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
65.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
9% (2021)

Nigeria

population without electricity:
66 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
59.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
89.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
26.3% (2021)

Rwanda

population without electricity:
5.8 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
48.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
38.1% (2021)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Sao Tome and Principe

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
78.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
80% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
73.7% (2021)

Senegal

population without electricity:
5 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
67.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
93.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
43.4% (2021)

Seychelles

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Sierra Leone

population without electricity:
6 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
27.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
56.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
4.9% (2021)

Somalia

population without electricity:
10 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
49.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
70.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
30.6% (2021)

South Africa

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
89.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
87.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
93.3% (2019)

South Sudan

population without electricity:
10 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
7.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
15.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
5.7% (2021)

Sudan

population without electricity:
23 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
61.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
84.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
49.3% (2021)

Tanzania

population without electricity:
37 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
42.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
77.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
23.3% (2021)

Togo

population without electricity:
5 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
55.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
96.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
24.6% (2021)

Tunisia

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
99.9% (2020)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.6% (2021)

Uganda

population without electricity:
34 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
45.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
72.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
35.9% (2021)

Zambia

population without electricity:
12 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
46.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
85.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
14.5% (2021)

Zimbabwe

population without electricity:
7 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
48.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
85.3% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
31.6% (2021)

Arctic Region

2 entries

Greenland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Iceland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

electrification - total population:
97.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97% (2021)

Armenia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Azerbaijan

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Bangladesh

population without electricity:
11 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
98.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
98.5% (2021)

Bhutan

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

China

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Georgia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

India

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
99.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.3% (2021)

Japan

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Kazakhstan

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Korea, North now North Korea

population without electricity:
19 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
52.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
36% (2020)
electrification - rural areas:
11% (2020)

Korea, South now South Korea

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Kyrgyzstan

electrification - total population:
99.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.5% (2021)

Maldives

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Mongolia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Nepal

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
89.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
94.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97% (2020)

Pakistan

population without electricity:
46 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
94.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
91.9% (2021)

Russia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Sri Lanka

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Tajikistan

electrification - total population:
99.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.8% (2021)

Turkmenistan

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Uzbekistan

electrification - total population:
99.9% (2020)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.7% (2021)

Central America and the Caribbean

32 entries

Anguilla

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Antigua and Barbuda

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Aruba

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Barbados

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Belize

electrification - total population:
97.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.4% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97% (2021)

British Virgin Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Cayman Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Costa Rica

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Cuba

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Curacao

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Dominica

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Dominican Republic

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
98.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
94.8% (2021)

El Salvador

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
97.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
94% (2021)

Grenada

electrification - total population:
93.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
93% (2020)
electrification - rural areas:
96% (2020)

Guatemala

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
97.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
98.1% (2021)

Haiti

population without electricity:
7 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
47.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
81.8% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
3% (2020)

Honduras

population without electricity:
1 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
94.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
85.6% (2021)

Jamaica

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Montserrat

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Nicaragua

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
86.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
66.3% (2021)

Panama

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
95.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
85.6% (2020)

Puerto Rico

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saint Barthelemy

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saint Lucia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saint Martin

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Sint Maarten

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Trinidad and Tobago

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Turks and Caicos Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Virgin Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Europe

49 entries

Albania

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Andorra

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Austria

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Belarus

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Belgium

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Bulgaria

electrification - total population:
99.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.5% (2021)

Croatia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Czechia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Denmark

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Estonia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

European Union

electrification - total population:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.9% (2021)

Faroe Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Finland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

France

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Germany

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Gibraltar

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Greece

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Guernsey

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Holy See (Vatican City)

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Hungary

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Ireland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Isle of Man

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Italy

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Jersey

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Kosovo

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Latvia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Liechtenstein

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Lithuania

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Luxembourg

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Malta

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Moldova

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Monaco

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Montenegro

electrification - total population:
99.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.3% (2021)

Netherlands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

North Macedonia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Norway

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Poland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Portugal

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Romania

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

San Marino

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Serbia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Slovakia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Slovenia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Spain

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Sweden

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Switzerland

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Ukraine

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

note: pre-war numbers

United Kingdom

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Cyprus

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Gaza Strip

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

note: data for Gaza Strip and West Bank combined

Iran

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Iraq

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Israel

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Jordan

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
98.8% (2021)

Kuwait

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Lebanon

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Oman

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Qatar

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Saudi Arabia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Syria

population without electricity:
2 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
88.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
74.5% (2021)

Turkey (Turkiye) now Turkiye

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

United Arab Emirates

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

West Bank

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

note: data for West Bank and Gaza Strip combined

Yemen

population without electricity:
17 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
74.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
93.1% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
63.4% (2021)

North America

4 entries

Bermuda

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Canada

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Mexico

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

United States

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Oceania

20 entries

American Samoa

electrification - total population:
59% (2020)
electrification - urban areas:
60% (2020)
electrification - rural areas:
45% (2020)

Australia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Fiji

electrification - total population:
92.1% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
96% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
86.7% (2021)

French Polynesia

electrification - total population:
100% (2020)

Guam

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Kiribati

electrification - total population:
92.8% (2020)
electrification - urban areas:
88.2% (2021)

Marshall Islands

electrification - total population:
99.7% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
96% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
92% (2020)

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

electrification - total population:
83.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
79.4% (2021)

Nauru

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

New Caledonia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

New Zealand

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Northern Mariana Islands

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Palau

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Papua New Guinea

electrification - total population:
20.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
65.1% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
14% (2021)

Samoa

electrification - total population:
98.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97.9% (2021)

Solomon Islands

electrification - total population:
76.3% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
79.2% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
75.3% (2021)

Tonga

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Tuvalu

electrification - total population:
99.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99% (2021)

Vanuatu

electrification - total population:
70% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
60.7% (2021)

Wake Island

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

South America

12 entries

Argentina

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Bolivia

population without electricity:
2 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
98.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
95.1% (2021)

Brazil

electrification - total population:
99.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.7% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97.3% (2021)

Chile

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Colombia

population without electricity:
2 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.9% (2021)

Ecuador

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Guyana

electrification - total population:
92.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
97.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
91.1% (2021.)

Paraguay

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Peru

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
95.6% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
83.5% (2021)

Suriname

electrification - total population:
98.8% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.5% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
97.4% (2021)

Uruguay

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Venezuela

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
100% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
99.8% (2021)

Southeast Asia

13 entries

Brunei

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

population without electricity:
26 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
72.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
93.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
62.7% (2021)

Cambodia

population without electricity:
4 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
82.5% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
77.1% (2021)

Hong Kong

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Indonesia

population without electricity:
(2020) less than 1 million
electrification - total population:
99.2% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
99.9% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
98.2% (2021)

Laos

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Macau

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Malaysia

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Philippines

population without electricity:
3 million (2020)
electrification - total population:
97.4% (2021)
electrification - urban areas:
98.6% (2021)
electrification - rural areas:
96.4% (2021)

Singapore

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Thailand

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Timor-Leste

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Vietnam

electrification - total population:
100% (2021)

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2023, “Electricity access”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/electricity-access/2023.

How to cite