San Marino

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

• landlocked;
• an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy;
• smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
• dominated by the Apennine Mountains

noun:

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Sammarinese

total:

45.9 years (2023 est.)

male:

44.4 years

female:

47.2 years

at birth:

1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.83 male(s)/female

total population:

0.93 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

total:

6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)

male:

7.5 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

5.1 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

84.1 years (2023 est.)

male:

81.5 years

female:

86.8 years

total:

27.4% (2016 est.)

male:

21.4%

female:

36%

• air pollution;
• urbanization decreasing rural farmlands;
• water shortage

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Air Pollution

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

urban population:

97.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

particulate matter emissions:

9.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

methane emissions:

0.02 megatons (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually:

17,175 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually:

7,737 tons (2016 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled:

45.1% (2016 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:

San Marino

local long form:

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:

San Marino

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

name:

San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates:

43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

• 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
• Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

history:

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

amendments:

• proposed by the Great and General Council;
• passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote;
• Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum;
• Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

30 years

description:

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

elections:

last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by 31 December 2024)

election results:

• percent of vote by coalition/party - PDCS 35%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 25% (RETE Movement 18.3%, DML 6.7%), Liberia 16.7%, We for the Republic 13.3%, RF 10%;
• seats by coalition/party - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, DML 4), Liberia 10, We for the Republic 8, RF 6;
• composition (as of September 2022) - men 40, women 20, percent of women 33.3%

highest court(s):

• Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members);
• note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts:

• first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts;
• Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations;
• justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

• Domani - Modus Liberi or DML [Lorenzo Forcellini REFFI]
• Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera [Luca BOSCHI]
• Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]
• I Elect for a New Republic
• Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]
• RETE Movement [Gloria ARCANGELONI]
• Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI]
• Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]
• Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)
• We for the Republic [Denise BRONZETTI]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

chancery:

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

telephone:

[1] (212) 751-1234

FAX:

[1] (212) 751-1436

email address and website:

[email protected]; Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

chief of mission:

Ambassador Jack Markell (since September 2023); note - also accredited to Italy

embassy:

• the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino;
• the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

• two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
• the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field;
• the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano:
  • Guaita,
  • Cesta,
  • and Montale
  ;
• the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty);
• the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

name:

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music:

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

total World Heritage Sites:

1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

• high-income, non-EU European economy;
• surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter;
• open border to EU and a euro user;
• strong financial sector;
• high foreign investments;
• low taxation;
• increasingly high and risky debt

agriculture:

0.2%

industry:

33.5%

services:

66.3% (September 2013 est.)

total:

27.4% (2016 est.)

male:

21.4%

female:

36%

lowest 10%:

NA

highest 10%:

NA

general assessment:

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)

domestic:

fixed-line is 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 119 telephones per 100 persons (2021)

international:

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

total:

292 km (2006)

paved:

292 km (2006)

• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service;
• no conscription;
• government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2023)