The CIA World Factbook Edition 2008 People

Major infectious diseases In 19 editions of 36.

Major infectious diseases was published in 19 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 2005 to 2023. The 2008 edition carries it in 95 entries, in its People section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 2008 edition
95
the first edition with it
2005
the latest edition with it
2023

Published as “Major infectious diseases” (2005 to 2023).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Major infectious diseases, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

2008

Every edition with Major infectious diseases

Entries with Major infectious diseases in each edition

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Africa

44 entries

Angola

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
  • bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
  • hepatitis A,
  • typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Benin

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Botswana

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Burkina Faso

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Burundi

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Cameroon

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Central African Republic

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Chad

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Cote d'Ivoire

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact:
schistosomiasis
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Djibouti

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Egypt

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Equatorial Guinea

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Eritrea

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Swaziland now Eswatini

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Ethiopia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis
animal contact disease:
rabies
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Gabon

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Gambia, The now The Gambia

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Ghana

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Guinea

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease:
Lassa fever (2008)

Guinea-Bissau

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Kenya

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Liberia

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease:
Lassa fever
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Madagascar

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
chikungunya, malaria, and plague
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Malawi

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and plague
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Mali

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Mauritania

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and Rift Valley fever (2008)

Mozambique

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and plague
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Namibia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Niger

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Nigeria

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria and yellow fever
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease:
one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis and shistosomiasis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Rwanda

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Sao Tome and Principe

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Senegal

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever, malaria, Rift Valley fever, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis (2008)

Sierra Leone

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease:
Lassa fever (2008)

Somalia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, and Rift Valley fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

South Africa

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Sudan

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
  • malaria,
  • dengue fever,
  • African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Tanzania

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and plague
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Togo

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and yellow fever
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
respiratory disease:
meningococcal meningitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Uganda

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
chikungunya, malaria, plague, and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

Zambia

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria and plague are high risks in some locations
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Zimbabwe

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis
animal contact disease:
rabies (2008)

Asia

10 entries

Afghanistan

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Bangladesh

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
water contact disease:
leptospirosis
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Bhutan

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

China

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

India

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
chikungunya, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Nepal

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
Japanese encephalitis and malaria (2008)

Pakistan

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Russia

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and tickborne encephalitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Sri Lanka

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Tajikistan

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
malaria (2008)

Central America and the Caribbean

10 entries

Belize

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Costa Rica

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever (2008)

Cuba

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever (2008)

Dominican Republic

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

El Salvador

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Guatemala

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever and malaria (2008)

Haiti

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Honduras

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Nicaragua

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Panama

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Europe

8 entries

Croatia

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Estonia

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
tickborne encephalitis (2008)

Hungary

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis (2008)

Latvia

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis (2008)

Lithuania

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
tickborne encephalitis (2008)

Montenegro

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (2008)

Poland

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea
vectorborne disease:
tickborne encephalitis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Serbia

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Middle East

3 entries

Iran

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Iraq

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Yemen

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
schistosomiasis (2008)

North America

1 entry

Mexico

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Oceania

1 entry

Papua New Guinea

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria (2008)

South America

9 entries

Argentina

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Bolivia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Colombia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Ecuador

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Guyana

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Paraguay

degree of risk:
intermediate
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever and malaria (2008)

Peru

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever, malaria, Oroya fever, and yellow fever
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Suriname

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever, Mayaro virus, and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis (2008)

Venezuela

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne disease:
dengue fever, malaria, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (2008)

Southeast Asia

9 entries

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease:
leptospirosis
animal contact disease:
rabies

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Cambodia

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Indonesia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
chikungunya, dengue fever, and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Laos

degree of risk:
very high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Malaysia

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Philippines

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever and malaria (2008)

Thailand

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria
animal contact disease:
rabies
water contact disease:
leptospirosis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Timor-Leste

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
chikungunya, dengue fever and malaria (2008)

Vietnam

degree of risk:
high
food or waterborne diseases:
bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases:
dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and plague
water contact disease:
leptospirosis

note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2008, “Major infectious diseases”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/major-infectious-diseases/2008.

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