The CIA World Factbook Edition 1991 Communications

Roadways In 35 editions of 36.

Roadways was published in 35 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2024. The 1991 edition carries it in 209 entries, in its Communications section, under the heading “Highways”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1991 edition
209
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2024

Published as “Roadways” (2006 to 2024) and “Highways” (1990 to 2005).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Roadways, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Roadways in each edition

19902000201020202025

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Africa

55 entries

Algeria

80,000 km total; 60,000 km concrete or bituminous, 20,000 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth

Angola

73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 29,350 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth

Benin

5,050 km total; 920 km paved, 2,600 laterite, 1,530 km improved earth

Botswana

  • 11,514 km total;
  • 1,600 km paved;
  • 1,700 km crushed stone or gravel, 5,177 km improved earth, 3,037 km unimproved earth

Burkina now Burkina Faso

  • 16,500 km total; 1,300 km paved, 7,400 km improved, 7,800 km unimproved (1985)

Burundi

5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth

Cameroon

about 65,000 km total; includes 2,682 km bituminous, 30,000 km unimproved earth, 32,318 km gravel, earth, and improved earth

Central African Republic

22,000 km total; 458 km bituminous, 10,542 km improved earth, 11,000 unimproved earth

Chad

  • 31,322 km total;
  • 32 km bituminous;
  • 7,300 km gravel and laterite;
  • remainder unimproved

Comoros

750 km total; about 210 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • 146,500 km total;
  • 2,550 km bituminous, 46,450 km gravel and improved earth;
  • remainder unimproved earth

Congo now Republic of the Congo

  • 12,000 km total;
  • 560 km bituminous surface treated;
  • 850 km gravel, laterite;
  • 5,350 km improved earth;
  • 5,240 km unimproved roads

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

  • 46,600 km total;
  • 3,600 km bituminous and bituminous-treated surface;
  • 32,000 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth;
  • 11,000 km unimproved

Djibouti

2,900 km total; 280 km bituminous surface, 2,620 km improved or unimproved earth (1982)

Egypt

51,925 km total; 17,900 km paved, 2,500 km gravel, 13,500 km improved earth, 18,025 km unimproved earth

Equatorial Guinea

Rio Muni--1,024 km; Bioko--216 km

Swaziland now Eswatini

2,853 km total; 510 km paved, 1,230 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,113 km improved earth

Ethiopia

44,300 km total; 3,650 km bituminous, 9,650 km gravel, 3,000 km improved earth, 28,000 km unimproved earth

Gabon

7,500 km total; 560 km paved, 960 km laterite, 5,980 km earth

The Gambia

3,083 km total; 431 km paved, 501 km gravel/laterite, and 2,151 km unimproved earth

Ghana

28,300 km total; 6,000 km concrete or bituminous surface, 22,300 km gravel, laterite, and improved earth surfaces

Guinea

30,100 km total; 1,145 km paved, 12,955 km gravel or laterite (of which barely 4,500 km are currently all-weather roads), 16,000 km unimproved earth (1987)

Guinea-Bissau

3,218 km; 2,698 km bituminous, remainder earth

Kenya

64,590 km total; 7,000 km paved, 4,150 km gravel, remainder improved earth

Lesotho

  • 5,167 km total;
  • 508 km paved;
  • 1,585 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil;
  • 946 km improved earth, 2,128 km unimproved earth

Liberia

  • 10,087 km total;
  • 603 km bituminous treated, 2,848 km all weather, 4,313 km dry weather;
  • there are also 2,323 km of private, laterite-surfaced roads open to public use, owned by rubber and timber companies

Libya

32,500 km total; 24,000 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth

Madagascar

40,000 km total; 4,694 km paved, 811 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, 34,495 km improved and unimproved earth (est.)

Malawi

  • 13,135 km total;
  • 2,364 km paved;
  • 251 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil;
  • 10,520 km earth and improved earth

Mali

about 15,700 km total; 1,670 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth

Mauritania

  • 7,525 km total;
  • 1,685 km paved;
  • 1,040 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved;
  • 4,800 km unimproved roads, trails, tracks

Mauritius

1,800 km total; 1,640 km paved, 160 km earth

Mayotte

42 km total; 18 km bituminous

Morocco

59,198 km total; 27,740 km bituminous treated, 31,458 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth, and unimproved earth

Mozambique

  • 26,498 km total;
  • 4,593 km paved;
  • 829 km gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil;
  • 21,076 km unimproved earth

Namibia

54,500 km; 4,079 km paved, 2,540 km gravel, 47,881 km earth roads and tracks

Niger

39,970 km total; 3,170 km bituminous, 10,330 km gravel and laterite, 3,470 km earthen, 23,000 km tracks

Nigeria

  • 107,990 km total 30,019 km paved (mostly bituminous-surface treatment);
  • 25,411 km laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth;
  • 52,560 km unimproved

Reunion

2,800 km total; 2,200 km paved, 600 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth

Rwanda

4,885 km total; 460 km paved, 1,725 km gravel and/or improved earth, 2,700 km unimproved

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

  • 87 km bitumen-sealed roads, 20 km earth roads on Saint Helena;
  • 80 km bitumen-sealed on Ascension;
  • 2.7 km bitumen-sealed on Tristan da Cunha

Sao Tome and Principe

300 km (two-thirds are paved); roads on Principe are mostly unpaved and in need of repair

Senegal

14,000 km total; 3,770 km paved, 10,230 km laterite or improved earth

Seychelles

260 km total; 160 km bituminous, 100 km crushed stone or earth

Sierra Leone

7,400 km total; 1,150 km bituminous, 490 km laterite (some gravel), remainder improved earth

Somalia

15,215 km total; including 2,335 km bituminous surface, 2,880 km gravel, and 10,000 km improved earth or stabilized soil (1983)

South Africa

188,309 km total; 54,013 km paved, 134,296 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth

Sudan

20,000 km total; 1,600 km bituminous treated, 3,700 km gravel, 2,301 km improved earth, 12,399 km unimproved earth and track

Tanzania

  • total 81,900 km, 3,600 km paved;
  • 5,600 km gravel or crushed stone;
  • remainder improved and unimproved earth

Togo

  • 6,462 km total;
  • 1,762 km paved;
  • 4,700 km unimproved roads

Tunisia

  • 17,700 km total;
  • 9,100 km bituminous;
  • 8,600 km improved and unimproved earth

Uganda

  • 26,200 km total;
  • 1,970 km paved;
  • 5,849 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite;
  • remainder earth roads and tracks

Western Sahara

6,100 km total; 1,350 km surfaced, 4,750 km improved and unimproved earth roads and tracks

Zambia

  • 36,370 km total;
  • 6,500 km paved, 7,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil;
  • 22,870 km improved and unimproved earth

Zimbabwe

  • 85,237 km total;
  • 15,800 km paved, 39,090 km crushed stone, gravel, stabilized soil: 23,097 km improved earth;
  • 7,250 km unimproved earth

Antarctic Region

1 entry

Arctic Region

2 entries

Greenland

80 km

Iceland

  • 12,343 km total;
  • 166 km bitumen and concrete;
  • 1,284 km bituminous treated and gravel;
  • 10,893 km earth

Asia

14 entries

Afghanistan

21,000 km total (1984); 2,800 km hard surface, 1,650 km bituminous-treated gravel and improved earth, 16,550 km unimproved earth and tracks

Bangladesh

7,240 km total (1985); 3,840 km paved, 3,400 km unpaved

Bhutan

1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth

British Indian Ocean Territory

short stretch of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia

China

about 980,000 km all types roads; 162,000 km paved roads, 617,200 km gravel/improved earth roads, 200,800 km unimproved natural earth roads and tracks

India

1,633,300 km total (1986); 515,300 km secondary and 1,118,000 km gravel, crushed stone, or earth

Japan

  • 1,098,900 km total;
  • 718,700 km paved, 380,200 km gravel, crushed stone, or unpaved;
  • 3,900 km national expressways, 46,544 km national highways, 43,907 km principal local roads, 86,930 km prefectural roads, and 917,619 other (1987)

Korea, North now North Korea

  • about 30,000 km (1989);
  • 98.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface;
  • 1.5% concrete or bituminous

Korea, South now South Korea

62,936 km total (1982); 13,476 km national highway, 49,460 km provincial and local roads

Maldives

Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city

Mongolia

  • 46,700 km total; 1,000 km hard surface; 45,700 km other surfaces (1988)

Nepal

  • 7,080 km total (1990);
  • 2,898 km paved, 1,660 km gravel or crushed stone;
  • also 2,522 km of seasonally motorable tracks

Pakistan

101,315 km total (1987); 40,155 km paved, 23,000 km gravel, 29,000 km improved earth, and 9,160 km unimproved earth or sand tracks (1985)

Sri Lanka

  • 75,263 km total (1988);
  • 27,637 km paved (mostly bituminous treated), 32,887 km crushed stone or gravel, 14,739 km improved earth or unimproved earth;
  • several thousand km of mostly unmotorable tracks (1988 est.)

Central America and the Caribbean

30 entries

Anguilla

60 km surfaced

Antigua and Barbuda

240 km

The Bahamas

2,400 km total; 1,350 km paved, 1,050 km gravel

Barbados

1,570 km total; 1,475 km paved, 95 km gravel and earth

Belize

2,710 km total; 500 km paved, 1,600 km gravel, 300 km improved earth, and 310 km unimproved earth

British Virgin Islands

106 km motorable roads (1983)

Cayman Islands

160 km of main roads

Costa Rica

15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth

Cuba

26,477 km total; 14,477 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced (1989 est.)

Dominica

750 km total; 370 km paved, 380 km gravel and earth

Dominican Republic

12,000 km total; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth, 600 km unimproved

El Salvador

10,000 km total; 1,500 km paved, 4,100 km gravel, 4,400 km improved and unimproved earth

Grenada

  • 1,000 km total;
  • 600 km paved, 300 km otherwise improved;
  • 100 km unimproved

Guadeloupe

1,940 km total; 1,600 km paved, 340 km gravel and earth

Guatemala

26,429 km total; 2,868 km paved, 11,421 km gravel, and 12,140 unimproved

Haiti

4,000 km total; 950 km paved, 900 km otherwise improved, 2,150 km unimproved

Honduras

8,950 km total; 1,700 km paved, 5,000 km otherwise improved, 2,250 km unimproved earth

Jamaica

18,200 km total; 12,600 km paved, 3,200 km gravel, 2,400 km improved earth

Martinique

1,680 km total; 1,300 km paved, 380 km gravel and earth

Montserrat

280 km total; about 200 km paved, 80 km gravel and earth

Netherlands Antilles

950 km total; 300 km paved, 650 km gravel and earth

Nicaragua

  • 25,930 km total;
  • 4,000 km paved, 2,170 km gravel or crushed stone, 5,425 km earth or graded earth, 14,335 km unimproved;
  • Pan-American highway 368.5 km

Panama

8,530 km total; 2,745 km paved, 3,270 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,515 km improved and unimproved earth

Puerto Rico

13,762 km paved

Saint Kitts and Nevis

300 km total; 125 km paved, 125 km otherwise improved, 50 km unimproved earth

Saint Lucia

  • 760 km total;
  • 500 km paved;
  • 260 km otherwise improved

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  • about 1,000 km total;
  • 300 km paved;
  • 400 km improved;
  • 300 km unimproved

Trinidad and Tobago

8,000 km total; 4,000 km paved, 1,000 km improved earth, 3,000 km unimproved earth

Turks and Caicos Islands

121 km, including 24 km tarmac

Virgin Islands

856 km total

Europe

33 entries

Albania

16,700 km total; 6,700 km highway and roads, 10,000 km forest and agricultural (1990)

Andorra

96 km

Austria

  • 95,412 km total;
  • 34,612 are the primary network (including 1,012 km of autobahn, 10,400 km of federal, and 23,200 km of provincial roads);
  • of this number, 21,812 km are paved and 12,800 km are unpaved;
  • in addition, there are 60,800 km of communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth)

Belgium

  • 103,396 km total;
  • 1,317 km limited access, divided autoroute;
  • 11,717 km national highway;
  • 1,362 km provincial road;
  • about 38,000 km paved and 51,000 km unpaved rural roads

Bulgaria

  • 36,908 km total;
  • 33,535 km hard surface (including 242 km superhighways);
  • 3,373 km earth roads (1987)

Czechoslovakia

  • 73,540 km total; including 517 km superhighway (1988)

Denmark

  • 66,482 km total;
  • 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block;
  • 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

Faroe Islands

200 km

Finland

  • about 103,000 km total, including 35,000 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous-treated surface) and 38,000 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth);
  • additional 30,000 km of private (state-subsidized) roads

France

  • 1,551,400 km total;
  • 33,400 km national highway;
  • 347,000 km departmental highway;
  • 421,000 km community roads;
  • 750,000 km rural roads;
  • 5,401 km of controlled-access divided autoroutes;
  • about 803,000 km paved

Gibraltar

50 km, mostly good bitumen and concrete

Greece

38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth

Vatican City now Holy See (Vatican City)

none; all city streets

Hungary

  • 130,014 km total;
  • 29,715 km national highway system--26,834 km asphalt and bitumen, 142 km concrete, 51 km stone and road brick, 2,276 km macadam, 412 km unpaved;
  • 58,495 km country roads (66% unpaved), and 41,804 km (est.) other roads (70% unpaved) (1988)

Ireland

92,294 km total; 87,422 km surfaced, 4,872 km gravel or crushed stone

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

640 km motorable roads

Italy

  • 294,410 km total;
  • autostrada 5,900 km, state highways 45,170 km, provincial highways 101,680 km, communal highways 141,660 km;
  • 260,500 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 26,900 km gravel and crushed stone,7,010 km earth

Liechtenstein

130.66 km main roads, 192.27 km byroads

Luxembourg

  • 5,108 km total;
  • 4,995 km paved, 57 km gravel, 56 km earth;
  • about 80 km limited access divided highway

Malta

1,291 km total; 1,179 km paved (asphalt), 77 km crushed stone or gravel, 35 km improved and unimproved earth

Monaco

none; city streets

Netherlands

  • 108,360 km total;
  • 92,525 km paved (including 2,185 km of limited access, divided highways);
  • 15,835 km gravel, crushed stone

Norway

  • 79,540 km total;
  • 18,600 km concrete, bituminous, stone block;
  • 19,980 km bituminous treated;
  • 40,960 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

Poland

  • 299,887 km total;
  • 130,000 km improved hard surface (concrete, asphalt, stone block);
  • 24,000 km unimproved hard surface (crushed stone, gravel);
  • 100,000 km earth;
  • 45,887 km other urban roads (1985)

Portugal

  • 73,661 km total;
  • 61,599 km paved (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway;
  • 7,962 km improved earth;
  • 4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)

Romania

  • 72,799 km total;
  • 15,762 km concrete, asphalt, stone block;
  • 20,208 km asphalt treated;
  • 27,729 km gravel, crushed stone, and other paved surfaces;
  • 9,100 km unpaved roads (1985)

San Marino

104 km

Soviet Union

  • 1,757,000 km total;
  • 1,310,600 km hard-surfaced (asphalt, concrete, stone block, asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone);
  • 446,400 km earth (1989)

Spain

150,839 km total; 82,513 km national (includes 2,433 km limited-access divided highway, 63,042 km bituminous treated, 17,038 km intermediate bituminous, concrete, or stone block) and 68,326 km provincial or local roads (bituminous treated, intermediate bituminous, or stone block)

Sweden

97,400 km (51,899 km paved, 20,659 km gravel, 24,842 km unimproved earth)

Switzerland

62,145 km total (all paved), of which 18,620 km are canton and 1,057 km are national highways (740 km autobahn); 42,468 km are communal roads

United Kingdom

  • UK, 362,982 km total;
  • Great Britain, 339,483 km paved (including 2,573 km limited-access divided highway);
  • Northern Ireland, 23,499 km (22,907 paved, 592 km gravel)

Yugoslavia

  • 122,062 km total;
  • 73,527 km asphalt, concrete, stone block;
  • 33,663 km macadam, asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone;
  • 14,872 km earth (1988)

Middle East

18 entries

Bahrain

200 km bituminous surfaced, including 25 km bridge-causeway to Saudi Arabia opened in November 1986; NA km natural surface tracks

Cyprus

  • 10,780 km total;
  • 5,170 km bituminous surface treated;
  • 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

Gaza Strip

small, poorly developed indigenous road network

Iran

  • 140,072 km total;
  • 46,866 km gravel and crushed stone;
  • 49,440 km improved earth;
  • 42,566 km bituminous and bituminous-treated surfaces;
  • 1,200 km (est.) rural road network

Iraq

25,479 km total; 8,290 km paved, 5,534 km improved earth, 11,655 km unimproved earth

Iraq - Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone

none; some secondary roads

Israel

4,500 km; majority is bituminous surfaced

Jordan

7,500 km; 5,500 km asphalt, 2,000 km gravel and crushed stone

Kuwait

  • 3,000 km total;
  • 2,500 km bituminous;
  • 500 km earth, sand, light gravel

Lebanon

7,370 km total; 6,270 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 650 km improved earth

Oman

22,800 km total; 3,800 km bituminous surface, 19,000 km motorable track

Qatar

1,500 km total; 1,000 km bituminous, 500 km gravel or natural surface (est.)

Saudi Arabia

74,000 km total; 35,000 km bituminous, 39,000 km gravel and improved earth

Syria

27,000 km total; 21,000 km paved, 3,000 km gravel or crushed stone, 3,000 km improved earth

Turkey now Turkiye

  • 49,615 km total;
  • 26,915 km bituminous;
  • 16,500 km gravel or crushed stone;
  • 4,000 km improved earth;
  • 2,200 km unimproved earth (1985)

United Arab Emirates

2,000 km total; 1,800 km bituminous, 200 km gravel and graded earth

West Bank

small indigenous road network, Israelis developing east-west axial highways

Yemen

15,500 km; 4,000 km bituminous, 11,500 km natural surface (est.)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

210 km public roads, all paved (about 400 km of private roads)

Canada

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

Mexico

210,000 km total; 65,000 km paved, 30,000 km semipaved or cobblestone, 60,000 km rural roads (improved earth) or roads under construction, 55,000 km unimproved earth roads

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

  • 120 km total; 60 km paved (1985)

United States

6,365,590 km, including 88,641 km expressways

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

350 km total; 150 km paved, 200 km unpaved

Australia

837,872 km total; 243,750 km paved, 228,396 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 365,726 km unimproved earth

Cook Islands

187 km total (1980); 35 km paved, 35 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 33 km unimproved earth

Fiji

  • 3,300 km total (1984)--390 km paved;
  • 1,200 km bituminous-surface treatment;
  • 1,290 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface;
  • 420 unimproved earth

French Polynesia

600 km (1982)

Guam

674 km all-weather roads

Kiribati

640 km of motorable roads

Marshall Islands

macadam and concrete roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

39 km of paved macadam and concrete roads on major islands, otherwise 187 km stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads

Midway Islands

32 km total

Nauru

about 27 km total; 21 km paved, 6 km improved earth

New Caledonia

  • 6,340 km total; only about 10% paved (1987)

New Zealand

92,648 km total; 49,547 km paved, 43,101 km gravel or crushed stone

Niue

123 km all-weather roads, 106 km access and plantation roads

Norfolk Island

80 km of roads, including 53 km of sealed roads; remainder are earth formed or coral surfaced

Northern Mariana Islands

300 km total (53 km primary, 55 km secondary, 192 km local)

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the now Palau

25.7 km paved macadam and concrete roads, otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads (1986)

Papua New Guinea

19,200 km total; 640 km paved, 10,960 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized-soil surface, 7,600 km unimproved earth

Pitcairn Islands

6.4 km dirt roads

Western Samoa now Samoa

  • 2,042 km total;
  • 375 km sealed;
  • remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth

Solomon Islands

about 2,100 km total (1982); 30 km sealed, 290 km gravel, 980 km earth, 800 private logging and plantation roads of varied construction

Tonga

  • 198 km sealed road (Tongatapu);
  • 74 km (Vavau);
  • 94 km unsealed roads usable only in dry weather

Tuvalu

8 km gravel

Vanuatu

1,027 km total; at least 240 km sealed or all-weather roads

Wallis and Futuna

100 km on Ile Uvea, 16 km sealed; 20 km earth surface on Ile Futuna

South America

14 entries

Argentina

208,350 km total; 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km improved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth

Bolivia

38,836 km total; 1,300 km paved, 6,700 km gravel, 30,836 km improved and unimproved earth

Brazil

1,448,000 km total; 48,000 km paved, 1,400,000 km gravel or earth

Chile

79,025 km total; 9,913 km paved, 33,140 km gravel, 35,972 km improved and unimproved earth (1984)

Colombia

75,450 km total; 9,350 km paved, 66,100 km earth and gravel surfaces

Ecuador

28,000 km total; 3,600 km paved, 17,400 km gravel and improved earth, 7,000 km unimproved earth

Falkland Islands now Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

510 km total; 30 km paved, 80 km gravel, and 400 km unimproved earth

French Guiana

680 km total; 510 km paved, 170 km improved and unimproved earth

Guyana

7,665 km total; 550 km paved, 5,000 km gravel, 1,525 km earth, 590 km unimproved

Paraguay

21,960 km total; 1,788 km paved, 474 km gravel, and 19,698 km earth

Peru

56,645 km total; 6,030 km paved, 11,865 km gravel, 14,610 km improved earth, 24,140 km unimproved earth

Suriname

  • 8,300 km total;
  • 500 km paved;
  • 5,400 km bauxite gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth;
  • 2,400 km sand or clay

Uruguay

49,900 km total; 6,700 km paved, 3,000 km gravel, 40,200 km earth

Venezuela

77,785 km total; 22,780 km paved, 24,720 km gravel, 14,450 km earth roads, and 15,835 km unimproved earth

Southeast Asia

12 entries

Brunei

1,090 km total; 370 km paved (bituminous treated) and another 52 km under construction, 720 km gravel or unimproved

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth

Cambodia

  • 13,351 km total;
  • 2,622 km bituminous;
  • 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth;
  • 3,624 km unimproved earth;
  • some roads in disrepair

Hong Kong

1,484 km total; 794 km paved, 306 km gravel, crushed stone, or earth

Indonesia

119,500 km total; 11,812 km state, 34,180 km provincial, and 73,508 km district roads

Laos

  • about 27,527 km total;
  • 1,856 km bituminous or bituminous treated;
  • 7,451 km gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth;
  • 18,220 km unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season mid-May to mid-September

Macau

42 km paved

Philippines

  • 156,000 km total (1984);
  • 29,000 km paved;
  • 77,000 km gravel, crushed-stone, or stabilized-soil surface;
  • 50,000 km unimproved earth

Singapore

2,597 km total (1984)

Taiwan

20,041 km total; 17,095 km bituminous or concrete, 2,371 km crushed stone or gravel, 575 km graded earth

Thailand

44,534 km total; 28,016 km paved, 5,132 km earth surface, 11,386 km under development

Vietnam

about 85,000 km total; 9,400 km bituminous, 48,700 km gravel or improved earth, 26,900 km unimproved earth

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1991, “Roadways”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/roadways/1991.

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