Togo

Republic of TogoRepublique Togolaise

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Togo as the 1993 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 76 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalLome

Area56,790 km2

LocationWestern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Populationas each edition published it

4.1 million July 1993 est. · 3.67m in 1990

Population growth% a year

3.61% 1993 est. · 2.37% in 2025

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 17.3 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

56.46 years 1993 est. · 72.1 yrs in 2025

Fertility ratechildren per woman

6.96 children per woman 1993 est. · 7.2 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

91.3 deaths per 1,000 live births 1993 est. · 112 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$400 1991 est. · $2,800 in 2025

GDP real growth% a year

0% 1991 est. · 5.3% in 2025

Geography

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

13 fields

Land useshare of 56,790 km2

arable land 25%permanent crops 1%meadows and pastures 4%forest and woodland 28%other 42%irrigated 70 km2 (1989 est.)

Area

56,790km2

land area: 54,390 km2comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

Coastline

56km

exclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 30 nm

Land boundaries

1,647km

total · Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Location

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean beween Benin and Ghana

Map references

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Climate

tropical;
hot, humid in south;
semiarid in north

Terrain

gently rolling savanna in north;
central hills;
southern plateau;
low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Environment

hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter;
recent droughts affecting agriculture;
deforestation

People

14 fields

Population

4,104,657

(July 1993 est.)growth rate: 3.61% (1993 est.)

Per 1,000 population(1993 est.)

Birth

47.87Death

11.8Net migration

Religions

indigenous beliefs 70%Christian 20%Muslim 10%

Literacy

15and over can read and write

age · (1990)total population: 43%male: 56%female: 31%

Infant mortality rate

91.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:: 56.46 years
male:: 54.45 years female: 58.53 years (1993 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective:: Togolese

Ethnic divisions

37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%

French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe (one of the two major African languages in the south), Mina (one of the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba (one of the two major African languages in the north), Kabye (one of the two major African languages in the north)

Labor force

NA; by occupation: agriculture 78%, industry 22% note: about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors; 50% of population of working age (1985)

Government

Republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

20 fields

Names

conventional long form:: Republic of Togo
conventional short form:: Togo
local long form:: Republique Togolaise
local short form:: none
former:: French Togo

Digraph

Type

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Capital

Lome

Administrative divisions

21 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription);
Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)

note: the 21 units may now be called prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture) and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses

Independence

27 April 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)

Constitution

1980 constitution nullified during national reform conference;
transition constitution adopted 24 August 1991;
multiparty draft constitution sent to High Council of the Republic for approval in November 1991;
adopted by public referendum September 1992

Legal system

French-based court system

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 April (1960)

Political parties and leaders

Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) led by President EYADEMA was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991;
transition regime in place since August 1991

Suffrage

universal adult at age NA

Elections

President:: last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held 1993); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition
National Assembly:: last held 4 March 1990;
dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held 1993);
results - RPT was the only party;
seats - (77 total) RPT 77;
interim legislative High Council of the Republic (HCR) in place since August 1991

Executive branch

president, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch

National Assembly dissolved during national reform conference;
79-member interim High Council for the Republic (HCR) formed to act as legislature during transition to multiparty democracy;
legislative elections scheduled to be held in 1993

Judicial branch

Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders

Chief of State:: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)
Head of Government:: interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Member of

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Ellom-Kodjo SCHUPPIUS
chancery:: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:: (202) 234-4212 or 4213

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission:: Ambassador Harmon E. KIRBY
embassy:: Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome
mailing address:: B. P. 852, Lome
telephone:: [228] 21-29-91 through 94 and 21-77-17
FAX:: [228] 21-79-52

Flag

five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow;
there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy

18 fields

GDP per capita, PPP

$400

(1991 est.)

Real growth rate

(1991 est.)industrial production growth: growth rate 9.0% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP

Inflation, consumer prices

0.5%

(1991 est.)

Unemployment rate

(1987)

Budget

Revenues

$284.8 millionExpenditures

$407 million

expenditures, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)

Overview

The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about 33% of GDP and provides employment for 78% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together account for about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal.

In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, with phosphate exports accounting for about 40% of total foreign exchange earnings. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government, over the past decade, with IMF and World Bank support, has been implementing a number of economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures.

Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1991 and 1992, has jeopardized the reform program and has disrupted vital economic activity.

National product

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion (1991 est.)

Exports

$512 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

commodities:: phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee
partners:: EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)

Imports

$583 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)

commodities:: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products
partners:: EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)

External debt

$1.3 billion (1991)

Electricity

179,000 kW capacity; 209 million kWh produced, 60 kWh per capita (1990)

Industries

phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages

Agriculture

accounts for 33% of GDP;
cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton;
food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum;
livestock production not significant;
annual fish catch, 10,000-14,000 tons

Economic aid

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion;
OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million

Communications

7 fields

Networkskm

Highways

6,462Railroads

570Inland waterways

Highways: ; 1,762 km paved; 4,700 km unimproved roads · Railroads: , single track

Railroads

570 km 1.000-meter gauge, single track

Highways

6,462 km total;
1,762 km paved;
4,700 km unimproved roads

total:: 9
usable:: 9
with permanent-surface runways:: 2
with runways over 3,659 m:: 0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:: 2
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:: 0

Telecommunications

fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines;
broadcast stations - 2 AM, no FM, 3 (2 relays) TV;
satellite earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE