Togo

• tropical;
• hot, humid in south;
• semiarid in north

• gently rolling savanna in north;
• central hills;
• southern plateau;
• low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

total:

0.17 cu km/yr (53%/2%/45%)

per capita:

28 cu m/yr (2000)

• deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel;
• water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry;
• air pollution increasing in urban areas

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

none of the selected agreements

at birth:

1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.63 male(s)/female

total population:

0.97 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

noun:

Togolese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Togolese

conventional long form:

Togolese Republic

conventional short form:

Togo

local long form:

Republique togolaise

local short form:

none

former:

French Togoland

name:

Lome

geographic coordinates:

6 08 N, 1 13 E

time difference:

UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

chief of state:

President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005);

head of government:

Prime Minister Gilbert HOUNGBO (since 7 September 2008)

cabinet:

Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister; (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website)

elections:

• president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits);
• election last held on 4 March 2010 (next to be held in 2015);
• prime minister appointed by the president

election results:

Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.9%, Jean-Pierre FABRE 33.9%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 3%, other 2.2%

• Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO];
• Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA;
• Democratic Party for Renewal or PDR;
• Juvento [Monsilia DJATO];
• Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP;
• Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP;
• Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO];
• Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE];
• Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR;
• Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU];
• Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]

chief of mission:

Ambassador Kadangha Limbiya BARIKI

chancery:

2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:

[1] (202) 234-4212

FAX:

[1] (202) 232-3190

chief of mission:

Ambassador Patricia McMahon HAWKINS

embassy:

4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome

mailing address:

B. P. 852, Lome; 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20512-2300

telephone:

[228] 261-5470

FAX:

[228] 261-5501

• five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow;
• a white five-pointed star on a red square is in the upper hoist-side corner;
• the five horizontal stripes stand for the five different regions of the country;
• the red square is meant to express the loyalty and patriotism of the people;
• green symbolizes hope, fertility, and agriculture;
• yellow represents mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity;
• the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and Togo's independence

note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

name:

"Salut a toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)

lyrics/music:

Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH

note: adopted 1960, restored 1992; this anthem was replaced by another during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992

agriculture:

65%

industry:

5%

services:

30% (1998 est.)

lowest 10%:

3.3%

highest 10%:

27.1% (2006)

• coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum;
• livestock;
• fish

general assessment:

fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile-cellular system

domestic:

• microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system;
• combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons with mobile-cellular use predominating

international:

country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie

• 2 state-owned TV stations with multiple transmission sites;
• 5 private TV stations broadcast locally;
• cable TV service is available;
• state-owned radio network with multiple stations;
• several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are obtainable (2007)

total:

532 km

country comparison to the world: 113

narrow gauge:

532 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

total:

7,520 km

country comparison to the world: 145

paved:

2,376 km

unpaved:

5,144 km (2000)

males age 16-49:

1,462,206

females age 16-49:

1,463,189 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49:

983,283

females age 16-49:

1,004,887 (2010 est.)

male:

71,081

female:

69,969 (2010 est.)

• in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary;
• in 2006, 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005

refugees (country of origin):

5,000 (Ghana)

IDPs:

1,500 (2007)