Political parties In 36 editions of 36.

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]
• Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
• Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]
• Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL]
• Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed BENHAMOU]
• Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
• Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA]
• Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]
• Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
• Green Algeria Alliance or AAV (includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, and MSP)
• Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Fatah RABEI]
• Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOKRI]
• National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]
• National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]
• National Liberation Front or FLN [Amar SAIDANI]
• National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD
• National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]
• National Republican Alliance
• New Dawn Party or PFJ
• New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI]
• Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
• Party of Justice and Liberty [Mohammed SAID]
• Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]
• Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI]
• Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]
• Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]
• Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]

note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights or LADDH [Noureddine BENISSAD]
• SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]
• Youth Action Rally or RAJ

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]
• National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - there are two factions of the party; one is led by Lucas NGONDA; the other is led by Ngola KABANGU
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party)
• Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975)
• Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Angolan Revolutionary Movement or ARM

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO]

note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for a Triumphant Benin or ABT [Abdoulaye BIO TCHANE]
• African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]
• Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]
• Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Yayi BONI]
• Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]
• New Consciousness Rally or NC [Pascal KOUPAKI]
• Patriotic Awakening or RP [Janvier YAHOUEDEOU]
• Social Democrat Party or PSD [Emmanuel GOLOU]
• Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]
• Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (alliance superceded Alliance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD)
• United Democratic Forces or FDU [Mathurin NAGO]

note: approximately 20 additional minor parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• economic groups;
• environmentalists;
• political groups;
• teachers' unions and other educational groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
• Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]
• Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA]
• Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATLHE]
• Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
• Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]
• Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (includes BMD, BPP, and BNF)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization)
• Pitso Ya Ba Tswana
• Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites)

other:

diamond mining companies

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]
• African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]
• Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Achille TAPSOBA]
• Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]
• New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Rasmane OUEDRAOGO]
• New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]
• Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Mahamoudou SAWADOGO]
• Party for Development and Change or PDC [Saran SEREME]
• Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Francois O. KABORE]
• Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]
• Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Tahirou BARRY]
• People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch March Christian KABORE]
• Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]
• Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]
• Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]
• Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Yacouba OUEDRAOGO]
• Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]
• Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]
• Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]
• Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Balai Citoyen [Herve KAM]
• Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Bassolma BAZIE]
• Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]
• Burkinabe Society for Constitutional Law or SBDC [Abdoulaye SOMA]
• Center for Democratic Governance or CGD [Thomas OUEDRAOGO]
• Coalition for African Renaissance or CAR [Herve OUATTARA]
• National Independent Union of Burkinabe Magistrates or SAMAB
• National Union for Health Workers or SYNTSHA
• National Union for Primary Education Teachers or SYNATEB

other:

watchdog/political action groups throughout the country

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Burundians' Hope Independent (also called Hope for Burundians)
• Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]
• National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Pascal NYABENDA]
• National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA]
• National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]
• National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]
• Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
• Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Pierre BUYOYA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization)

Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group)

other:

Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Janira Hopffer ALMADA]

Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]

Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]

Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]

Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA e Silva]

Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]

Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

environmentalists; political pressure groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]
• Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]
• Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]
• Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]
• Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]
• Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]
• National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]
• Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]
• Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]
• Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Network of Human Rights Defenders in Central Africa or REDHAC [Maximilliene Ngo MBE]

Tribunal 53 [Patrice NGANANG]

• Action Party for Development or PAD
• Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA]
• Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA]
• Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH]
• Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]
• National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE]
• National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Amine MICHEL]
• New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
• Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART (includes MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP)

Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]

National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]

National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]

Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Jean-Baptiste LAOKOLE]

Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY]

Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]

Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Sande NGARYIMBE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]
• Democratic Rally of the Comoros or RDC [Mouigni BARAKA]
• Juwa Party or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI]
• Party for the Comorian Agreement (Partie Pour l'Entente Commorienne) or PEC [Fahmi Said IBRAHIM]
• Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development or RADHI [Abdou SOEFO]
• Rally with a Development Intiiative for Enlightened Youth or RIDJA [Said Larifou]
• Union for the Development of the Comoros or UPDC [Mohamed HALIFA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Federation Comorienne des Consomateurs or FCC [Mohamed Said Abdallah MCHANGANA]
• Mouvement des Entreprises comorienne or MODEC [Faharate HOUSSEIN]
• Union des Chambres de Commerce et de l'Industrie et de l'Agriculture or UCCIA [Fahmy THABIT]
• Confederation des Travailleurs Comoriens or CTC

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]
• Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]
• Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC
• Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]
• Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]
• People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA]
• Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]
• Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]
• Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]
• Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Allied Democratic Forces or ADF (anti-Ugandan government rebel groups]
• Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congor (Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) or FARDC
• Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda or FDLR (Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's genocide in 1994)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Movement for Renewal or MAR [Roland BOUITI-VIAUDO]
• Citizen's Rally or RC
• Congolese Labour Party or PCT [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO]
• Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS]
• Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST [Claudine MUNARI]
• Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Pascal Tsaty MABIALA]
• Party for the Unity of the Republic or PUR
• Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP [Auguste-Celestin GONGARD NKOUA
• Prospects and Realities Club or CPR
• Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Bernard BATCHI]
• Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP
• Republican and Liberal Party or PRL
• Union for the Republic or UR
• Union of Democratic Forces
• Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR
• United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many smaller parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC
• General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC
• Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC
• Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]
• Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]
• Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace
• Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]
• Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONA]
• Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]
• more than 144 smaller registered parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Augustin MIAN]
• National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]
• Panafrican Congress for Justice and Peoples Equality or COJEP [Roselin BLY]
• Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP

• Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]
• Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]
• Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]
• Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]
• Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Sheikh Guirreh MEIDAL]
• People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)
• Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]
• Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF]
• Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD)
• Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ismail GUEDI Hared]
• Union for National Salvation or USN (an umbrella coalition comprising PRD, PDD, MODEL, ARD, and UDJ) [Ahmed Youssouf HOUMER]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

officially recognized:

Al-Dustour (Constitution) Party [Tamer GOMAA]

Al-Karama Party [Mohamed SAMY]

Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN]

Al-Wasat Party [Mohamad Abdel LATIF]

Al-Watan [Imad Abd al-GHAFUR]

Building and Development Party or BDP [Yomna EL-HAMAKI]

Conference Party [Omar EL-MOKHTAR]

Congress Party [Omar Mokhtar SEMEIDA]

Egyptian National Movement Party [Ahmed SHAFIK]

Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Mervat TALAWAY]

El Tagamu'u Party [Sayed Abdel AAL]

Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL]

Future of Homeland Party [Qadry ABU HUSSEIN]

Knights of Egypt Party [General Abdel Rafe DARWISH]

Mostaqbal Watan Party [Mohamed BADRAN]

New Wafd Party [Sayed al-BADADWI]

Popular Current Party [Ahmed Kamel AL-BEHERI]

Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT]

Socialist Popular Alliance [Abu Al-Izz AL-HARIRI]

Strong Egypt Party [Abdel Moneim Aboul FOTOUH]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
• Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (ruling party)
• Electoral Coalition or EC
• Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
• Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]

not officially registered parties:

Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA]

Independent Candidacy or CI [Gabriel NSE OBIANG OBONO]

Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]

Union for the Center Right or UDC [Avelino MOCACHE MEAENGA]

note: in November 2014, the government hosted a National Dialogue process to engage with the political opposition; the opposition particiapated with limited attendance and engagement; on March 18, 2015, the CPDS, FDR, and UP formed a coalition called the Front of Democratic Opposition or FOD

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform)
• Coalicion CEIBA (group formed by diverse, exiled political parties)
• C.O.R.E.D. (originally led by Raimundo Ela Nsang; based in Paris)
• EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government)

note: a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly never debated or voted on it

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrean Kunama or DMLEK
• Eritrean Democratic Alliance or EDA
• Eritrean Islamic Party for Justice and Development or EIPJD (includes the Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM), Eritrean Islamic Salvation, and the Eritrean Islamic Foundation)
• Eritrean National Congress for Democratic Change or ENCDC
• Eritrean National Salvation Front or ENSF
• Eritrean People's Democratic Party or EPDP
• Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization or RSADO

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• the status of political parties, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitution; the following are considered political associations:
• African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA]
• Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Alvit DLAMINI]
• People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU]
• Swaziland Democratic Party ro SWADEPA [Jan SITHOLE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Swaziland Democracy Campaign
• Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions
• Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR]

Argoba People Democratic Organization or APDO

Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP

Blue Party (Semayawi Party) [Yanatan TESFAYE, spokesman]

Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum or FORUM [Dr. Moga FRISSA] (a UDJ-led 6-party alliance established for the 2010 parliamentary elections)

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [Hailemarian DESALEGN] (including the following organizations: Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO; Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM; Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF)

Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM

Harari National League or HNL [YASIN Husein]

Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF
• Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF
• Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean-Boniface ASSELE]
• Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]
• Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]
• Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]
• National Rally of Woodcutters-Democratic or RNB-D [Pierre Andre KOMBILA]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
• Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]
• Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]
• United Forced for Change or UFC [Jean PING]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya JAMMEH]
• Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]
• Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]
• National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat BAH]
• National Convention Party or NCP [Ebrima Janko SANYANG]
• People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]
• People's Progressive Party or PPP [Omar JALLOW]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• The Association of Non-Governmental Organizations or TANGO
• Female Lawyers Association of Gambia or FLAG
• Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices or GAMCOTRAP
• Gambia Press Union or GPU
• West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA
• Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia

other:

special needs group advocates; teachers and principals

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Convention People's Party or CPP [Samia NKRUMAH]
• National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA]
• New Patriotic Party or NPP [Nana AFUKO-ADDO]
• People's National Convention or PNC [Hassan AYARIGA]

note: listed are four of the more popular political parties as of December 2012; there are more than 20 registered parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Christian Aid (water rights)
• Committee for Joint Action or CJA (social and economic issues)
• National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights)
• Oxfam (water rights)
• Public Citizen (water rights)
• Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI] (education reform)
• Third World Network (social and economic issues)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
• Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]
• Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean Marie DORE]
• Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]
• Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]

note: listed are the five most popular parties as of December 2015

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG, Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG)

Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde or PAIGC [Domingos Simoes PEREIRA]
• Democratic Convergence Party or PCD [Vicente FERNANDES]
• New Democracy Party or PND [Mamadu Iaia DJALO]
• Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA]
• Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]
• Union for Change or UM [Agnelo REGALA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Chamber of Commerce of Agriculture, Industry, and Services

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance Party of Kenya or APK [Kiraitu MURUNGI]
• Amani National Congress [Musalia MUDAVADI]
• Coalition for Reforms and Democracy or CORD (includes ODM, WDM-K, FORD-K) [Raila ODINGA]
• Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA]
• Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses WETANGULA]
• Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P [Henry OBWOCHA]
• Jubilee Alliance (includes TNA, URP, NARC) [Uhuru KENYATTA]
• Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]
• National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Charity NGILU]
• New Ford Kenya or NFK [Eugene WAMALWA]
• Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]
• The National Alliance or TNA [Uhuru KENYATTA]
• United Republican Party or URP [William RUTO]
• Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• African Center for Open Governance [Gladwell OTIENO]
• Anglican Church of Kenya [Archbishop Eliud WABUKALA]
• Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Mohammed KHALIFA]
• Federation of Women Lawyers in Kenya
• Kenya Association of Manufacturers
• Kenya Human Rights Commission or KHRC [George KEGORO]
• Kenya Private Sector Alliance
• Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice (umbrella group of more than 30 NGOs)
• Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]
• National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]
• Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI]
• Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal John NJUE]
• Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Adan WACHU, secretary general]

other:

labor unions, other Christian churches

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE]
• Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG]
• Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]
• Democratic Congress or DC [Pakalitha MOSISILI]
• Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]
• Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Molahlehi LETLOTLO]
• Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]
• National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]
• Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]
• Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MATŠASA] (pushes for media freedom)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]
• Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]
• Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]
• Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]
• Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]
• Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA]
• Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]
• National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]
• National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]
• National Patriotic Party or NPP
• National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]
• National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]
• People's Unification Party [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]
• Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

demobilized former military officers

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Al-Watan (Homeland) Party
• Justice and Construction Party or JCP [Mohamed SOWAN]
• National Forces Alliance or NFA [Mahmoud JIBRIL] (includes many political organizations, NGOs, and independents)
• National Front (initially the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, formed in 1981 as a diaspora opposition group)
• Union for the Homeland [Abd al-Rahman al-SUWAYHILI]

note: partial list of the larger political parties and leaders

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• AVANA Party [Jean-Louis ROBINSON]
• Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery/LEADER Fanilo or LF [Manasse ESOAVELOMANDROSO]
• Green Party/Parti Vert or AMHM [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA]
• National Unity, Freedom, and Development or FFF [Benjamin RADAVIDSON Andriamparany]
• New Force for Madagascar or FIDIO [Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA]
• Parti Hiaraka Isika or PHI [Albert Camille VITAL]
• Party of Andry Rajoelina or MPAR [Andry RAJOELINA]
• Pillar of Madagascar or AIM [Andry RAKOTOVAO]
• Ravlomanana Movement or MR [Marc RAVALOMANANA]
• Sambo Fiaran'i Noe or SFN
• Union Party or Tambatra [Pety RAKOTONIAINA]
• Vondrona Politika Miara dia Malagasy Miara Miainga or VPM MMM [Milavonjy ANDRIASY]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR
• Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert ZAFY]
• National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA]
• Chipani Cha Fuko or CCP [Davis KATSONGA PHIRI]; note - party disbanded in fall of 2015
• Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA]
• Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA]
• People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA]
• United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development)
• Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights)
• Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability)
• Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi)
• Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO]
• Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Dionconda TRAORE]
• Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (coalition including ADEMA and URD formed in December 2006 to support the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE)
• Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]
• Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE]
• Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO]
• Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR]
• Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coalition including RPM and PARENA formed to oppose the presidential candidacy of Amadou TOURE)
• National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]
• Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]
• Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA]
• Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA] (ruling party)
• Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• the army;
• Islamic authorities;
• state-run cotton company CMDT

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]
• Burst of Youth for the Nation [Lalla CHERIVA]
• Coalition for Pacific Alternation or CAP (coalition of opposition parties, including APP, El Wiam)
• Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (including UPR, UDP)
• Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH] (coalition including RNRD-TAWASSOUL)
• El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]
• El Vadila Party [Ethmane Ould Ahmed ABOULMAALY]
• El Wiam [Boidiel Ould HOUMEIT]
• National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR]
• Party of Unity and Development or PUD [Mohamed BARO]
• Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR]
• Ravah Party
• Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Sidi Mohamed Ould Mohamed VALL]
• Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]
• Union for the Republic or UPR [Sidi Mohamed Ould MAHAM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]
• Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM and El Hor [Samory Ould BEYE] (civil society organization)
• Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general]
• SOS-Esclaves [Boubacar MESSAOUD] (anti-slavery group)

other:

• Arab nationalists;
• Ba'athists;
• Islamists;
• Nasserists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance Lepep (Alliance of the People) [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] (coalition including MSM, PMSD, and ML)
• Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]
• Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]
• Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]
• Mauritian Solidarity Front (Front Solidarite Mauricienne) or FSM [Cehl FAKEERMEEAH, known as Cehl MEEAH]
• Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]
• Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]
• Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Lalit Political Party
• Rezistans ek Alternativ (Resistance and Alternative)
• Say No to Coal!

other:

various labor unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]
• Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI]
• An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA]
• Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [Ilyas EL OMARI]
• Choura et Istiqlal (Consultation and Independence) Party or PCI [Abdelwahed MAACH]
• Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID]
• Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE]
• Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI]
• Democratic Oath Party or SD [Najib EL OUAZZANI]
• Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU]
• Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI]
• Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN]
• Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES]
• Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT]
• Ittihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ]
• Labor Party or PT [Abdelkrim BENATIK]
• Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE]
• Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI]
• National Rally of Independents or RNI [Salaheddine MEZOUAR]
• Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]
• Party of Citizen Forces or PFC [Abderrahim LAHJOUJI]
• Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN]
• Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE]
• Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI]
• Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER]
• Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]
• Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI]
• Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI]
• Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR]
• Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI]
• Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH]
• Socialist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]
• Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]
• Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]
• Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir EL AMAOUI]
• General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Mohamed KAFI CHERRAT]
• Justice and Charity Organization or JCO [Mohammed ben Abdesslam ABBADI]
• Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Miriem BENSALAH-CHAQROUN]
• National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Mohamed YATIM]
• Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Miloudi EL MOUKHARIK]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]
• Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYOSOI]
• Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]
• Communist Party of Namibia or CPN (formerly known as Workers' Revolutionary Party or WRP) [Attie BEUKES and Harry BOESAK]
• Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [McHenry VENAANI]
• National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Asser MBAI]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Jeremiah NAMBINGA]
• Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]
• South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]
• South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hage GEINGOB, acting president]
• United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus ||GAROEB]
• United People's Movement or UPM [Jan J. VAN WYK]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Society for Human Rights or NAMRIGHTS

The Affirmative Repositioning Movement or AR [Job AMUPANDA, Dimbulukweni NAUYOMA, George KAMBALA]

other:

various labor unions

• Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]
• Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Kassoum MOCTAR]
• Democratic Alliance for Niger or ADN-Fusaha [Habi Mahamadou SALISSOU]
• Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Abdou LABO]
• National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU]
• Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]
• Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU]
• Nigerien Movement for Democratic Renewal or MNRD-Hankuri [Mahamane OUSMANE]
• Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]
• Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA]
• Party for Socialism and Democracy in Niger or PSDN-Alheri
• Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]
• Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Mohamed BEN OMAR]
• Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat [Amadou Boubacar CISSE]

note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]
• All Progressives Congress or APC [John Odigie OYEGUN]
• All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]
• Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI]
• Labor Party or LP [Alhai Abdulkadir ABDULSALAM]
• Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Ahmed MAKARFI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU
• Campaign for Democracy or CD
• Civil Liberties Organization or CLO
• Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR
• Constitutional Right Project or CRP
• Human Right Africa
• National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL
• National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS
• Nigerian Bar Association or NBA
• Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC
• Nigerian Medical Association or NMA
• Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

other:

the press

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Liberal Party or PL [Protais MITALI]
• Party for Progress and Concord or PPC [Christian MARARA]
• Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Prosper HIGIRO]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

none

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

private sector; unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Movement of Forces for Change or MDFM [Fradigue Bandeira Melo DE MENEZES]
• Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVOADA]
• Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Aurelio MARTINS]
• Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Leonel Mario D'ALVA]
• other small parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG

other:

the media

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR-Yakaar [Macky SALL]
• Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]
• And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP]
• And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS-A [Landing SAVANE]
• Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]
• Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk
• Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE]
• Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]
• Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]
• Grand Party or GP [Malick GACKOU]
• Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magatte THIAM]
• Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]
• National Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]
• Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]
• People's Labor Party or PTP [El Hadji DIOUF]
• Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]
• Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy or MRSD
• Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]
• Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]
• Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]
• Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• Catholic clergy;
• labor;
• religious groups;
• students;
• Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes;
• teachers

• People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [James Alix MICHEL] (formerly SPPF)
• Popular Democratic Movement or PDM [Francesca MONNAIE]
• Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)
• Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSD
• Seychellois Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa) or LDS [Roger MANCIENNE] (alliance consisting of SNP, Seychelloise Alliance, SPSD, and SUP)
• Seychelloise Alliance (Lalyans Seselwa) [Patrick PILLAY]
• Seselwa (Seychelles) United Party or SUP [Robert ERNESTA] (formerly the New Democratic Party or NDP)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]
• Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Somano KAPEN]
• numerous other parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

student unions; trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• CADHI [Abdirahman IBRAHIM]
• Cosmopolitan Democratic Party [Yarow Sharef ADEN]
• Democratic Green Party of Somalia or DGPS [Abdullahi Y. MAHAMOUD]
• Democratic Party of Somalia or DPS [Maslah Mohamed SIAD]
• Green Leaf for Democracy or GLED
• Hiil Qaran
• Justice and Communist Party [Mohamed NUR]
• Liberal Party of Somalia
• National Unity Party (Xisbiga MIdnimo-Quaran) [Abdurahman BAADIYOW]
• Peace and Development Party or PDP
• Somali National Party or SNP [Mohammed Ameen Saeed AHMED]
• Somali People's Party [Mahamud Hassan RAGE]
• Somali Green Party (local chapter of Federation of Green Parties of Africa)
• Tayo or TPP [Mohamed Abdullahi MOHAMED]
• Tiir Party [Fadhil Sheik MOHAMUD]
• United and Democratic Party [Salad Ali JELLE]
• United Somali Parliamentarians

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

numerous political associations and clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the incumbent president

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]
• African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALD]
• African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]
• African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI]
• Agamg SA [Mike Tshishonga, acting]
• Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]
• Democratic Alliance or DA [Mmusi MAIMANE]
• Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius MALEMA]
• Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER]
• Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]
• National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI]
• Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA]
• United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI]
• United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary]
• South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary]
• South African National Civic Organization or SANCO [Richard MDAKANE, national president]

note: COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the African National Congress

Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]

Democratic Change Party or DCP [Lam AKOL]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Jalal al-DIGAIR]

Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]

Muslim Brotherhood or MB

National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]

National Umma Party or UP [Siddiq al-MAHDI]

Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]

Reform Now Party or RNP [Dr. Ghazi Salah al-DEEN]

Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB]

Sudanese Congress Party [Ibrahim Al-SHEIKH]

Unionist Movement Party or UMP [Nagla AL-AZHARI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Gibril Fidail IBRAHIM], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-AW [Abdel Wahid NUR,various factional leaders], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-MM [Minni Arkou MINAWI]

National Consensus Front or NCF [Farouq ABU ISSA]

Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North or SPLM-N [Malik AGAR]

Sudan Revolutionary Front or SRF [Malik AGAR]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Civic United Front or CUF (Chama Cha Wananchi [Seif Shariff HAMAD, Secretary General]
• National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [James Francis MBATCA]
• Party of Democracy and Development or CHADEMA (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) [Freeman MBOWE]
• Revolutionary Party or CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) [John MAGUFULI]
• Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine MREMA]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [John Momose CHEYO]

Note: in March 2014, four opposition parties (CUF, CHADEMA, NCCR-Mageuzi, and the National League for Democracy) united to form Umoja wa Katiba ya Wananchi (Coalition for the People's Constituion) or UKAWA; during local elections held in October, 2014, UKAWA entered one candidate representing the three parties united in the coalition

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF
• Free Zanzibar
• Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA
• Tanzania Private Sector Foundation or TPSF
• Twaweza

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Dodji APEVON]
• Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON]
• National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
• Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
• Rainbow Alliance (a coalition including CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON]

Save Togo Collective or CST (a coalition including:

ANC and PSR) [Ata Messan Zeus AJAVON

Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]

Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]

Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]

Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM]
• Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI]
• Current of Love [Mohamed HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)
• Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI]
• Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU]
• Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
• Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]
• Free Patriotic Union or UPL (Union patriotique libre) [Slim RIAHI]
• Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]
• Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]
• National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE]
• Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard
• People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]
• Popular Front (a coalition of 9 parties including Democractic Patriots' Unified Party, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democractic Arab Vanguard)
• Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI]
• Republican Party [Maya JRIBI]
• The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD)
• Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [Omar Othman BEKHADJ, secretary general]
• Tunisia's Call (Nidaa Tounes) [Mohamed ENNACEUR]
• Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• 18 October Group [collective leadership]
• Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]
• Tunisian General Labor Union or UGTT [Hassine ABASSI]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]
• Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]
• Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Mugisha MUNTU]
• Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]
• National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]
• Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON]
• Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO
• Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Polisario Front

• Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]
• Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]
• Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA]
• Patriotic Front or PF [Edgar LUNGU]
• United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Freedom Party [Cosmas MPONDA]
• Movement for Democratic Change - Ncube or MDC-N [Welshman NCUBE]
• Movement for Democratic Change - Renewal or MDC-R [Sekai HOLLAND]; note - has been kicked out of Parliament as of 17 May 2015
• Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai or MDC-T [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]
• Transform Zimbabwe or TZ [Jacob NGARIVHUME]
• United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]
• Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]
• Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]
• Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Dumiso DABENGWA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition
• National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]
• Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenni WILLIAMS]
• Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Japhet MOYO]
• Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights or ZLHR [Irene PETRAS]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democrats Party or D (Demokraatit) [Randi VESTERGAARD]
• Forward Party or S (Siumut) [Kim KIELSEN]
• Inuit Community or IA (Inuit Ataqatigiit) [Sara OLSVIG]
• Inuit Party or PI (Partii Inuit) [Nikku OLSEN]
• Partii Naleraq or PN [Hans ENOKSEN]
• Solidarity Party or A (Atassut) [Knud KRISTIANSEN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• conservationists;
• environmentalists;
• those wanting independence

• Bright Future (Bjort framtid) or BF [Ottarr PROPPE]
• Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]
• Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]
• Pirate Party (Piratar) or PIP [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR]
• Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigmundur David GUNNLAUGSSON]
• Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Arni Pall ARNASON]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Svalbard Conservative Party;
• Svalbard Green Party [ Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN];
• Svalbard Labor Party [ Chjristin KRISTOFFERSEN];
• Svalbard Liberal Party

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 84 political parties as of December 2012

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• religious groups,
• tribal leaders,
• ethnically based groups,
• Taliban

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN]
• Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]
• Armenian Revolutionary Federation or ARF ("Dashnak" Party) [Hrant MARKARIAN]
• Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN]
• People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN]
• Prosperous Armenia [Naira ZOHRABYAN]
• Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN]
• Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN]

Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]
• Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV]
• Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV]
• Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE]
• Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA]
• Musavat [Arif HAJILI]
• Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI]
• Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI]
• Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
• Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI]
• Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI]
• Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]
• Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Club-125 [Ilhamia RZAYEVA]
• Ireli Youth Movement [MirHasan SEYIDOV]
• National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI]
• NIDA Youth Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Zaur GURBANLI]
• Positive Change Youth Movement [Bakhtiyar HAJIYEV]
• Republican Alternative or REAL [Ilgar MAMMADOV (in jail)]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]
• Bangladesh Nationalist Front or BNF [Abdul Kalam AZADI]
• Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA]
• Bangladesh Tariqat Federation or BTF [Syed Nozibul Bashar MAIZBHANDARI]
• Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]
• Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]
• National Socialist Party or JSD [KHALEQUZZAMAN]
• Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Ain o Salish Kendro (Centre for Law and Mediation) or ASK (legal aid and civil rights)
• Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity
• Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC
• Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry
• Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs or MoWCA (advocacy group to end gender-based violence)
• Odikhar (human rights group)

other:

• associations of madrassa teachers;
• business associations, including those intended to promote international trade;
• development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank;
• environmentalists;
• Islamist groups;
• labor rights advocacy groups;
• NGOs focused on poverty alleviation, and international trade;
• religious leaders;
• tribal groups and advocacy organizations;
• union leaders

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party or BKP [Sonam TOBGAY]
• Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT [Pema GYAMTSHO]
• Druck Chirwang Tshogpa or DCT
• Druk Nymrub Tshogpa or DNT
• People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tshering TOBGAY]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Druk National Congress (exiled)

United Front for Democracy (exiled)

other:

Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepali-Bhutanese organizations (exiled)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]

note: China has eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

no substantial political opposition groups exist

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance of Patriots [Irma INASHVILI]
• Conservative Party [Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
• European Democrats [Paata DAVITAIA]
• Free Georgia [Kakha KUKAVA]
• Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI]
• Green Party of Georgia [Gia GACHECHILADZE]
• Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Giorgi TOPADZE]
• National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]
• National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]
• New Rights [Pikria CHIKHRADZE]
• Our Georgia-Free Democrats (OGFD) [Irakli ALASANIA]
• Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE]
• United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE]
• United National Movement or ENM [Davit BAKRADZE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

separatists in the Russian-occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL]
• All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [J. JAYALALITHAA]
• All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE]
• Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]
• Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Amit SHAH]
• Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]
• Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT]
• Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]
• Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) [Ram Vilas PASWAN]
• Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]
• Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV]
• Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]
• Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]
• Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY]
• Telegana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) [K. Chandrashekar RAO]
• Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]
• YSR Congress(YSRC) [Jaganmohan REDDY]

note: India has dozens of national and regional political parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley (separatist group)
• Bajrang Dal (militant religious organization)
• Jamiat Ulema-e Hind [Mahmood MADANI] (religious organization)
• Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [Mohan BHAGWAT] (nationalist organization)
• Vishwa Hindu Parishad [Pravin TOGADIA] (militant religious organization)

other:

• hundreds of social reform, anti-corruption, and environmental groups at state and local level;
• numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations;
• various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Renho MURATA]
• Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]
• Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]
• Japan Innovation Party or JIP [Yorihisa MATSUNO]
• Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]
• New Renaissance Party [Hiroyuki ARAI]
• Osaka Ishin no Kai [Ichiro MATSUI]
• Party for Future Generations or PFG [Kyoko NAKAYAMA]
• People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF [Ichiro OZAWA]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tadatomo YOSHIDA]
• The Assembly to Energize Japan and the Independents [Kota MATSUDA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

business groups; trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV]
• Auyl National Patriotic Party [Ali BEKTAYEV] (Auyl is a September 2015 merger of the Patriots’ Party and the Auyl Social Democratic Party)
• Birlik (Unity) [Seril SULTANGALI] (Birlik is an April 2013 merger of Adilet (Justice; formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan) and Rukhaniyat (Spirituality))
• Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]
• National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]
• Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland) Democratic People's Party [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]
• Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Larissa KHARKOVA]
• Foundation for Support of Civil Initiatives [Nurul RAKHIMBEK]
• International Legal Initiative [Aina SHORMANBAYEVA]
• Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Chairman of Bureau's Council, Roza AKYLBEKOVA, director]
• Legal Media Centre (sometimes known as the North Kazakhstan Legal Media Centre) [Diana OKREMOVA]
• Public Foundation for Parliamentary Development [Zauresh BATTALOVA]
• Republican Network of International Monitors [Daniyar LIVAZOV]
• Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

major party:

Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Un]

minor parties:

Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWP control)

Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

none

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Justice Party [SIM Sang-jeong]

Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK [CHOO Mi-ae] (formerly New Politics Alliance for Democracy or NPAD) [KIM Jong-in] (NPAD was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil] and the New Political Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014)

New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri (formerly Grand National Party) [LEE Jung-hyun]

People's Party or PP [AHN Cheol-soo and CHUN Jung-bae]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Catholic Priests' Association for Justice
• Christian Council of Korea
• Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice
• Federation of Korean Industries
• Federation of Korean Trade Unions
• Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
• Korean Veterans' Association
• Lawyers for a Democratic Society
• National Council of Churches in Korea
• People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Ata-Jurt-Respublika (Homeland-Republic) [Omurbek BABANOV, Kamchybek TASHIEV]
• Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]
• Bir Bol (Stay United) [Altynbek SULAIMANOV]
• Kyrgyzstan Party [Kanatbek ISAEV, Kanybek IMANALIEV]
• Onuguu-Progress [Bakyt TOROBAEV]
• Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]
• Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA]
• Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]
• Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA]
• Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]
• Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]
• Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]
• Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam Mohamed]
• Maldavian Democratic Party or MDP [Ali WAHEED]
• Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]
• Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

various unregistered political parties

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Civil Will-Green Party or CWGP [Sanjaasuren OYUN, Sambuu DEMBEREL, Tserendorj GANKHUYAG]
• Democratic Party or DP [Zandaakhuu ENKHBOLD]
• Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Mendsaikhan ENKHSAIKHAN]
• Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Miyegombo ENKHBOLD]
• Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]
• New Labor Party or XYH [S. GANBAATAR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• human rights groups;
• women's rights groups;
• disability rights groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

note: 122 political parties participated in the 19 November 2013 election and the 30 parties listed below were elected to serve in the Constituent Assembly

• Akhanda Nepal Party [Kumar KHADKA]
• Communist Party of Nepal-Marxist Leninist or CPN-ML [C.P. MAINALI]
• Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist or CPN-UML [Jhala Nath KHANAL]
• Communist Party of Nepal (United) or CPN (United) [Jaydev JOSHI]
• Dalit Janajati Party [Bishwendra PASHWAN]
• Federal Socialist Party [Ashok RAI]
• Jana Jagaran Party Nepal (Awareness Party Nepal) [Lok Mani DHAKAL]
• Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha-Nepal [Ram Kumar RAI]
• Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bijay Kumar GACHCHADAR]
• Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV]
• Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republican
• Madhesh Samata Party Nepal [Meghraj SAHANI]
• National Madhes Socialist Party [Sharat Singh BHANDARI]
• Nepal Rastriya Party [Keshav Man SHAKYA]
• Nepal Pariwar Dal [Ek Nath DHAKAL]
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]
• Nepali Congress or NC [Sushil KOIRALA]
• Nepali Janata Dal [Hari Charan SHAH]
• Rastriya Janamorcha Nepal [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]
• Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar Singh THAPA]
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party-Nepal [Kamal THAPA]
• Sadbhavana Party [Rajendra MAHATO]
• Samajbadi Prajatanytrik Janata Party Nepal [Prem Bahadur SINGH]
• Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party [Anil Kumar JHA]
• Sanghiye Loktantrik Rastriya Manch [Rukmini CHAUDHARY]
• Terai Madhesh Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR]
• Terai-Madhesh Sadbhavana Party-Nepal [Mahendra YADAV]
• Tharuhat Terai Party Nepal [Bhanuram CHAUDARY]
• Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or UCPN(M) [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as Comrade PRACHANDA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

various groups advocating regional autonomy such as the Federal State Limbuwan Council in far eastern Nepal

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Iftikhar HUSSAIN]
• Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI]
• Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL]
• Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ]
• Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN]
• Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]
• Pakhtun khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]
• Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II]
• Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]
• Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Ali ZARDARI]
• Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
• Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]

note: political alliances in Pakistan shift frequently

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• military;
• ulema (clergy);
• landowners;
• industrialists;
• small merchants

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]
• Civic Platform or CPI [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV]
• Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]
• Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]
• Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]
• United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]

note: 78 political parties are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of October 2015), but only six parties maintain representation in Russia's national legislature, and two of these only have one deputy apiece

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Confederation of Labor of Russia or KTR
• Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia
• Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights
• Memorial
• Movement Against Illegal Migration
• Russkiye
• Solidarnost
• The World Russian People's Congress
• Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers
• Union of Russian Writers

other:

• business associations;
• environmental organizations;
• religious groups (especially those with Orthodox or Muslim affiliation);
• veterans groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]
• Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Anura Kumara DISSANAYAKE]
• Jathika Hela Urumaya or JHU [Patali Champika RANAWAKA]
• Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Maithripala SIRISENA]
• Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]
• Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R. SAMPANTHAN]
• United National Front for Good Governance or EYJP (coalition includes UNP)
• United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMESINGHE]
• United People's Freedom Alliance or UPFA (coalition includes SLFP)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Buddhist clergy

Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups

other:

labor unions; hard-line nationalist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]
• Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
• Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [Saidjafar ISMONOV]
• Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV]
• People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]
• Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]
• Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFOROV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• New Tajikistan Party [Zayd SAIDOV] (unregistered)
• Presidential Candidate of Union of Reformist Forces of Tajikistan Oynihol BOBONAZAROVA (unregistered)
• Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV]
• Youth for the Revival of Tajikistan [Maqsud IBROHIMOV]
• Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] (unregistered)
• Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI] (banned)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan or APT [Rezhep BAZAROV] (government created in September 2014, like the PIE, but not represented in parliament)
• Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Kasymguly BABAYEW]
• Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Orazmammet MAMMEDOW]

note: a law authorizing the registration of political parties went into effect in January 2012; unofficial, small opposition movements exist abroad

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

none

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV]
• Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV]
• Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Islam KARIMOV]
• National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV]
• People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups in Uzbekistan

Anguilla United Front or AUF [Victor BANKS] (an alliance of the Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA)

Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Dr. Ellis WEBSTER]

Democracy, Opportunity, Vision, and Empowerment Party or DOVE [Sutcliffe HODGE]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gaston BROWNE]
• Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]
• Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]
• Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]
• United Progressive Party or UPP [W. Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE]

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel "Mike" EMAN]
• People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Evelyn WEVER-CROES]
• Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

environmental groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]
• Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
• Democratic National Alliance [Branville MCCARTNEY]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Friends of the Environment

other:

trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY]
• Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]
• People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN]
• Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST]
• Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS]
• Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG]
• Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN]
• National Union of Public Workers or NUPW [Walter MALONEY]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Belize Progressive Party or BPP [Patrick ROGERS] (formed in 2015 from a merger of the People's National Party, elements of the VIP, and other smaller political groups)
• People's United Party or PUP [vacant]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean Oliver BARROW]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Trade Union Congress of Belize or NTUC/B [Marvin MORA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH];; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Julian FRASER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Family Support Network

Woman's Desk

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Kurt TIBBETTS]

United Democratic Party or UDP [McKeeva BUSH]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Coalition for Cayman or C4C
• National People's Alliance or PNA
• National Trust

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]
• Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Ana Patricia MORA]
• Citizen Action Party or PAC [Olivier PEREZ Gonzalez]
• Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]
• Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Victor Danilo CUBERO Corrales]
• National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]
• National Liberation Party or PLN [Bernal JIMENEZ]
• National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO]
• Patriotic Alliance [Jorge ARAYA Westover]
• Popular Vanguard [Humberto VARGAS]
• Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Gerardo VARGAS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate)
• Chamber of Coffee Growers
• Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate)
• Confederation of Workers Rerum Novarum or CTRN (National Libertion Party affiliate)
• Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (National Libertion Party affiliate)
• Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO
• Costa Rican Solidarity Movement
• Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP
• Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP
• National Association for Economic Development or ANFE
• National Association of Educators or ANDE
• National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation
• Damas de Blanco (Ladies in White)
• National Association of Small Farmers
• Patriotic Union of Cuba

other:

political dissidents and bloggers

• Korsou di Nos Tur or KdnT [Amparo dos SANTOS]
• Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit SCHOTTE]
• Movementu Progresivo [Marylin MOSES]
• Movishon Antia Nobo or MAN [Hensley KOEIMAN]
• Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Zita JESUS-LEITO]
• Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal or PAIS [Alex ROSARIA]
• Partido Nashonal di Pueblo or PNP [Humphrey DAVELAAR]
• Pueblo Soberano or PS [Ivar ASJES]
• Un Korsou Hustu [Omayra LEEFLANG]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]
• Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]
• Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Hector JOHN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]
• Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]
• Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS
• Liberal Reformist Party or PLRD
• Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Andres BAUTISTA Garcia]
• National Progressive Front [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]
• Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Carlos MORALES Troncoso]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania)
• Collective of Popular Organizations or COP
• Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo Antonio PARKER Soto]
• Democratic Change (Cambio Democratico) or CD [Douglas AVILES] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU)
• Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]
• Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Jose Andres ROVIRA Caneles]
• National Conciliation Party or PCN [Manuel RODRIGUEZ]
• Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Jorge VELADO]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES
• Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS
• National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS
• National Trade Union Federation of Salvadoran Workers or FENASTRAS
• National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS
• Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES
• Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS
• Union of Judiciary Workers or SITTOJ
• Union of Workers of the Ministry of Treasury or SITRAMI
• Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL
• American Chamber of Commerce in El Salvador
• National Association of Private Enterprise or ANEP
• Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce
• Salvadoran Chamber of the Construction Industry or CASALCO
• Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES]
• National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]
• New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG
• New Jewel Movement Support Group
• The British Grenada Friendship Society
• The New Jewel 19 Committee

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Roberto GONZALEZ Diaz-Duran]
• Convergence
• Democratic Union or UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]
• Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO Cottom]
• Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS]
• FUERZA [Maurico REDFORD]
• Grand National Alliance or GANA [Jaime Antonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]
• Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or Winaq-URNG [Angel SANCHEZ Viesca]
• Institutional Republican Party (formerly the Guatemalan Republican Front) or PRI [Luis Fernando PEREZ]
• National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ Strauss]
• National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES]
• Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA]
• National Convergence Front or FCN [Edgar Justino OVALLE Maldonado]
• New National Alternative or ANN [Pablo MONSANTO]
• Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]
• Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]
• Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]
• Victoria (Victory) [Amilcar RIVERA]
• Vision with Values or VIVA [Harold CABALLEROS] (part of a coalition with EG during the last legislative election)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Alliance Against Impunity or AI (includes among others Center for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH), Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala (FAMDEGUA))
• Civic and Political Convergence of Women
• Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC
• Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF
• Foundation for the Development of Guatemala or FUNDESA
• Guatemala Visible
• Mutual Support Group or GAM
• Movimiento PRO-Justicia
• National Union of Agriculture Workers or UNAGRO

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN]

Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]

Christian and Citizen For Haiti's Reconstruction or ACCRHA [Chavannes JEUNE]

Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU]

Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]

Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]

December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]

Democratic Alliance or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition composed of KID and PPRH)

Democratic Centers's National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]

Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti-Revolutionary Party of Haiti or MODELH-PRDH

Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]

Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]

For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]

Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE]

Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]

Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]

Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT]

Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]

Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]

Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT

Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]

Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]

Liberation Platform or PLATFORME LIBERATION

Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC]

Merging of Haitian Social Democratics or FUSION [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE] (coalition of Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements)

Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]

National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]

New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]

Patriotic Movement of the Democratic Opposition or MOPOD

Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE]

Peasant Platform or PP

Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]

Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]

Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU]

Platform Pitit Dessalines or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE]

Pont

Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]

PPG18

Rally or RASAMBLE

Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT]

Respect or RESPE

Socialist Action Movement or MAS

Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]

Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Sauveur PIERRE-ETIENNE]

Truth (Verite)

Union [Chavannes JEUNE]

Union of Haitian Citizens for Democracy, Development, and Education or UCADDE [Jeantel JOSEPH]

Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNPH [Edouard FRANCISQUE]

Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA)

Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]

Youth for People's Power or JPP [Rene CIVIL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]
• Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH
• Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS]
• Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS
• General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]
• Grand-Anse Resistance Committee or KOREGA
• Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE]
• National Popular Assembly or APN
• Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]
• Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP
• Protestant Federation of Haiti
• Roman Catholic Church

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA]
• Christian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]
• Democratic Unification Party or UD [Cesar HAM]
• Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]
• Liberal Party or PL [Mauricio VILLEDA Bermudez]
• National Party of Honduras or PNH [Gladys Aurora LOPEZ]
• Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS
• Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH
• Commiittee of the Relatives of the Disappeared in Honduras or COFADEH
• Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH
• Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP
• General Workers Confederation or CGT
• Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP
• National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH
• National Union of Campesinos or UNC
• Popular Bloc or BP
• United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
• United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan OR MUCA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew HOLNESS]
• People's National Party or PNP [Portia SIMPSON-MILLER]
• National Democratic Movement or NDM [Michael WILLIAMS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

New Beginnings Movement or NBM

Rastafarians

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Reuben MEADE]

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Shirley OSBORNE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]
• Conservative Party or PC [Alejandro BOLANOS Davis]
• Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Indalecio RODRIGUEZ]
• Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]
• Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]
• Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]
• Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Ana Margarita VIJIL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN)

Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union)

Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS)

Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business groups)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal]
• Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Carlos PEREZ Herrera]
• Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Francisco "Pancho" ALEMAN]
• Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly the Arnulfista Party)
• Popular Party or PP [Milton C. HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Chamber of Commerce
• Concertacion Nacional (mechanism for Government of Panama to formally dialogue with representatives of civil society)
• National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO
• National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP
• National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS)
• Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE
• Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP
• Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]
• National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Carlos MENDEZ]
• New Progressive Party or PNP [Pedro PIERLUISI] (pro-US statehood)
• Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Alejandro Garcia PADILLA] (pro-commonwealth)
• Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also known as Los Macheteros)

• All for Saint-Barth (Tous pour Saint-Barth) [Benoit CHAUVIN]
• Saint-Barth First! (Saint-Barth d'Abord!) or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; affiliated with UMP
• Saint-Barth in Motion (Saint-Barth en Mouvement) [Maxime DESOUCHES]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]

Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]

People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]

People's Labour Party or PLP [Timothy HARRIS]

Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT]
• Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY]
• United Workers Party or UWP [Allen CHASTANET]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Rally Responsibility Success (Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]
• Team Daniel Gibbs [Daniel GIBBS]
• Union for Progress (Union Pour le Progres or UPP) [Louis-Constant FLEMING]; affiliated with UMP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Republican Party or DRP [Anesia BAPTISTE]
• New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]
• Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)
• SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

• Concordia Political Alliance or CPA [Jeffery RICHARDSON]
• Democratic Party or DP [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]
• National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]
• United People's Party or UPP [Theodore HEYLIGER]
• United Sint Maarten Party or US Party [Frans RICHARDSON]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Congress of the People or COP [Prakash RAMADHAR]
• Democratic Action Congress or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES] (only active in Tobago)
• Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Charles CARSON] (coalition of NAR, DDPT, MND)
• Movement for National Development or MND [Garvin NICHOLAS]
• National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]
• People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]
• Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK]
• United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Oswald SKIPPINGS]
• People's Progressive Party
• Progressive National Party or PNP [Rufus EWING]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]
• Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]
• Republican Party [Gary SPRAUVE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Nard NDOKA]
• Democratic Party or PD [Lulzim BASHA]
• Movement for National Development of LZHK [Dashamir SHEHI]
• Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]
• Christian Democratic Party of PKD [Mark FRROKU]
• Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI] (formerly part of APMI)
• Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Ilir META]
• Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]
• Union for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vangjel DULE]
• New Democratic Spirit or FRD [Bamir TOPI]

note: only the major parties of each coalition are listed

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kol NIKOLLAJ]
• Omonia [Vasil BOLLANO]
• Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA]

• Citizens' Initiative or IC [Sergi RICART] (including PS, VA, IC, and independents)
• Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT]
• Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI]
• Liberal Party or PLA [Josep PINTAT FORNE]
• Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER]
• Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]

note: there are also several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER]
• Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]
• Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]
• The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]
• NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ]
• Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN]
• "Team Stronach" [Frank STRONACH]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic)
• Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated)
• Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated)
• Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank)
• OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV
• Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action

other:

three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKIY]
• Belarusian Patriotic Party [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH]
• Belarusian Socialist Sporting Party [Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH]
• Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Igor KARPENKO]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]
• Republican Party [Vladimir BELOZOR]
• Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANIY]
• Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [Pavel SEVERINETS] (unregistered)
• Belarusian Liberal Party of Freedom and Progress [Vladimir NOVOSYAD] (unregistered)
• Belarusian Party of the Green [Anastasiya DOROFEYEVA]
• Belarusian Party of the Left "Fair World" [Sergey KALYAKIN]
• Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [Aleksey YANUKEVICH]
• Belarusian Social-Democratic Assembly [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH]
• Belarusian Social Democratic Party ("Assembly") or BSDPH [Irina VESHTARD]
• Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) [Nikolay STATKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Christian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNYAK]
• United Civic Party or UCP [Anatoliy LEBEDKO]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Assembly of Pro-Democratic NGOs [Sergey MATSKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Belarusian Association of Journalists [Andrei BASTUNETS]
• Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions [Aleksandr YAROSHUK]
• Belarusian Helsinki Committee [Aleh HULAK]
• For Freedom Movement [Aleksandr Milinkevich]
• Malady Front (Young Front) [Zmitser DASHKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Vyasna (Spring) human rights center [Ales BELYATSKIY] (unregistered)
• Perspektiva [Anatoliy SHUMCHENKO] (small business association)
• "Tell the Truth" Movement [Tatsiana KARATKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Women's Independent Democratic Movement [Ludmila PETINA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE]
• Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN]
• Groen! [Meyrem ALMACI] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
• New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]
• Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [John CROMBEZ]
• Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]
• Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Patrick DUPRIEZ and Zakia KHATTABI]
• Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Olivier MAINGAIN]
• Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN]
• People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN]
• Reform Movement or MR [Olivier CHASTEL]
• Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO]
• Workers' Party [Peter MERTENS]
• other minor parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Belgian General Federation of Labor [Rudy DE LEEUW, Marc GOBLET]
• Confederation of Christan Trade Unions [Marc LEEMANS, Marie-Helene SKA]
• Federation of Enterprises in Belgium [Pieter TIMMERMANS, Michele SIOEN]

other:

• numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions;
• trade unions;
• various organizations representing the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia;
• various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]
• Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]
• Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC]
• Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilovic or BPS-Sefer Halilovic [Sefer HALILOVIC]
• Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]
• Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]
• Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]
• Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [acting president Ilija CVITANOVIC]
• Croatian Party of Rights or HSP BiH [Stanko PRIMORAC]
• Croatian Party of Rights of Herceg-Bosne or HSP HB [Vesna PINJUH]
• Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]
• Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]
• Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]
• Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]
• Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]
• People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]
• Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Mladen BOSIC]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

• war veterans;
• displaced persons associations;
• family associations of missing persons;
• private media

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Georgi PARVANOV]
• Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV]
• Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Mihail MIKOV]
• Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA]
• Bulgaria Without Censorship or BBTs [Nikolay BAREKOV]
• Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV]
• Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Mikhail MIKOV] (coalition dominated by BSP)
• Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV]
• IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]
• Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Lyutvi MESTAN]
• National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV]
• National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2)
• United Patriots Front (alliance of IMRO-BNM, NFSB, and Attack)
• Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI]
• Reformist Bloc or RB (a five-party alliance including the DSB, DBG, and SDS)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB

Podkrepa Labor Confederation

other:

numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA]

Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV]

Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]

Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Dragan VULIN]

Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]

Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [Tomislav KONCEVSKI]

Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Ivan TEPES]

Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]

Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]

Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]

Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]

Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC]

HDZ Coalition [Andrej PLENKOVIC] (includes HDZ, HSLS, HDS)

Human Blockade [Ivan SINCIC]

Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]

Independent List of Stipe Petrina or NLSP [Stipe PETRINA]

Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]

Istrian Democrats [Damir KAJIN]

Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC]

Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC]

Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]

People's Coalition [Zoran MILANOVIC] (includes SDP, HNS, HSU, HSS]

People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC]

Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]

The Only Option Coalition (includes Human Blockade, PH, Always Frankers, Youth Action, Alphabet of Democracy)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

human rights groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

parties in parliament:

ANO 2011 or ANO [Andrej BABIS]

Citizens Together

Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]

Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]

Czech Pirate Party [Ivan BARTOS]

Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA]

Freeholder or SsCR [Petr BAJER]

Green Party or SZ [Matej STROPNICKY]

Liberal Reform Party or Ostravak [Eva SCHWARZOVA]

Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK]

Mayors for Liberec Region or SLK [Marek PIETER]

Movement for Prague

Nestranici (Independents) or NK [Vera RYBOVA]

North Bohemians or S.cz [Bronislav SCHWARZ]

Ostravak [Magdalena KOZUBOVA, sec.]

Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Jan VELEBA]

Patriotic Citizens

Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Miroslav KALOUSEK]

parties outside parliament:

Dawn - National Coalition or Usvit [Miroslav LIDINSKY]

Free Citizens Party or Svobodni [Petr MACH]

Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Josef STREDULA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alternative Party or AP [Uffe ELBAEK]
• Conservative People's Party or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
• Danish People's Party or DF [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]
• Liberal Alliance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN]
• Liberal Party or V [Lars LOEKKE RAMUSSEN]
• Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, spokesperson Johanne SCHMIDT-NIELSEN]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
• Social Liberal Party or SLP [Morten OSTERGAARD]
• Socialist People's Party or SF [Pia OLSEN DYHR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [CEO Jacob HOLBRAAD]
• Confederation of Danish Industries or DI [CEO Karsten DYBVAD]
• Confederation of Danish Labor Unions (Landsorganisationen) or LO [President Lizette RISGAARD]
• DaneAge Association [President Bjarne HASTRUP]
• Danish Shipowners' Association [Director General and CEO Anne STEFFENSEN]]
• Danish Bankers Association [CEO Ulrik NODGAARD]
• Danish Society for Nature Conservation or DN [President Ella Maria BISSCHOP-LARSEN]

other:

• environmental groups;
• humanitarian relief;
• development assistance;
• human rights NGOs

• Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Edgar SAVISAAR]
• Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME]
• Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Taavi ROIVAS]
• Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL]
• Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI]
• Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Margus TSAHKNA]

• European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER]
• Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and David BORRELLI]
• European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Syed KAMALL]
• European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Rebecca HARMS and Philippe LAMBERTS]
• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]
• Group of the European People's Party or EPP [Manfred WEBER]
• Group of the Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Gianni PITELLA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]
• Independence (or Self-Govenment) Party (Sjalvstyrisflokkurin) [Jogvan SKORHEIM]
• People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN]
• Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN]
• Republic (Tjodveldi) (formerly the Republican Party) [Hogni HOYDAL]
• Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]
• Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur a STEIG NIELSEN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

conservationists

• Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA]
• Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]
• Finns Party or PS [Timo SOINI]
• Green League or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO]
• Left Alliance or Vas [Paavo ARHINMAKI]
• National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Antti RINNE]
• Swedish People's Party or SFP [Carl HAGLUND]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [Emmanuelle COSSE]
• French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT]
• Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]
• Left Party or PG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Martine BILLARD]
• Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET] (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)
• Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]
• National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN]
• New Anticapitalist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christine POUPIN]
• New Center or NC [Herve MORIN]
• Radical Party [Jean-Louis BORLOO]
• Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]
• Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]
• Socialist Party or PS [Haerlem DESIR]
• The Republicans (formerly Union for a Popular Movement or UMP) [Nicolas SARKOZY]
• Union des Democrates et Independants or UDI [Jean-Louis BORLOO] and Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF); together known as UDI-Modem
• United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN]
• Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO [collective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAQUILLER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres (French Confederation of Management - General Confederation of Executives) or CFE-CGC [Carole COUVERT, president] (independent white-collar union with 140,000 members)

Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor) or CFDT [Laurent BERGER, secretary general] (left-leaning labor union with approximately 875,000 members)

Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers) or CFTC [Philippe LOUIS, president] (independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 142,000 members)

Confederation generale du travail (General Confederation of Labor) or CGT [Bernard THIBAULT, secretary general] (historically communist labor union with approximately 710,000 members)

Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere (General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO [Jean-Claude MAILLY, secretary general] (independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members)

Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF [Pierre GATTAZ, president] (employers' union with claimed 750,000 companies as members)

• conservationists;
• gold mining pressure groups;
• hunting pressure groups

Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG

General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G

General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG

Movement for an Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI

The Socialist Renewal Movement

Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC

Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM

Frantz Fanon Circle

League of Workers and Peasants

Proletarian Action Group or GAP

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER]
• Alternative for Germany or AfD [Frauke PETRY and Jorg MEUTHEN]
• Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]
• Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]
• Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER]
• Left Party or Die Linke [Katia KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER]
• Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

business associations and employers' organizations

trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]
• Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Daniel FEETHAM]
• Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Fabian PICARDO]
• Progressive Democratic Party [Nick CRUZ]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Chamber of Commerce
• Gibraltar Representatives Organization
• Women's Association

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership]
• Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS]
• Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS]
• Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanassis) THEOCHAROPOULOS]
• Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]
• Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS]
• Movement of Democratic Socialists or KIDISO [Georgiose PAPANDREOU]
• New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS]
• Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Fofi GENIMMATA]
• Popular Unity [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS]
• To Potami (The River) [Stavros THEODORAKIS]
• Union of Centrists or EK [Vassilis LEVENTIS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Supreme Administration of Civil Servants Unions or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS]
• Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS]
• General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]