Political parties In 36 editions of 36.

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]
• Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]
• Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]
• Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL]
• Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed BENHAMOU]
• Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]
• Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA]
• Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]
• Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]
• Green Algeria Alliance or AAV [Bouguerra SOLTANI] (includes Islah, Ennahda Movement, and MSP)
• Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]
• Justice and Development Front or FJD
• Movement of National Understanding or MEN
• Movement for National Reform or Islah [Djilali GHOUINI]
• Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOKRI]
• National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]
• National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]
• National Liberation Front or FLN [Djamel OULD ABBES]
• National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]
• National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]
• National Republican Alliance or ANR [Redha MALEK]
• New Dawn Party or PFJ [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]
• New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI]
• Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]
• Party of Justice and Liberty [Mohammed SAID]
• Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]
• Rally for Hope in Algeria or TAJ
• Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI]
• Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]
• Vanguard of Freedoms [Ali BENFLIS]
• Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]
• Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]

note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights or LADDH [Noureddine BENISSAD]
• SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR]
• Youth Action Rally or RAJ

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU]
• National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions; one led by Lucas NGONDA; the other by Ngola KABANGU
• National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party)
• Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975)
• Social Renewal Party or PRS [Benedito DANIEL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Angolan Revolutionary Movement or ARM

Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda - Armed Forces of Cabinda or FLEC-FAC [Emmanuel NZITA]

note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese national soccer team in 2010

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for a Triumphant Benin or ABT [Abdoulaye BIO TCHANE]
• African Movement for Development and Progress or MADEP [Sefou FAGBOHOUN]
• Benin Renaissance or RB [Lehady SOGLO]
• Cowrie Force for an Emerging Benin or FCBE [Yayi BONI]
• Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]
• New Consciousness Rally or NC [Pascal KOUPAKI]
• Patriotic Awakening or RP [Janvier YAHOUEDEOU]
• Social Democrat Party or PSD [Emmanuel GOLOU]
• Sun Alliance or AS [Sacca LAFIA]
• Union Makes the Nation or UN [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI] (includes PRD, MADEP)
• United Democratic Forces or FDU [Mathurin NAGO]

note: approximately 20 additional minor parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• economic groups;
• environmentalists;
• political groups;
• teachers' unions and other educational groups

• Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
• Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Dumelang SALESHANDO]
• Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Ian KHAMA]
• Botswana Movement for Democracy or BMD [Ndaba GAOLATHE]
• Botswana National Front or BNF [Duma BOKO]
• Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Motlatsi MOLAPISI]
• Umbrella for Democratic Change or UDC [Duma BOKO] (coalition includes BMD, BPP, BCP and BNF)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Democratic Rally/Alliance for Democracy and Federation or ADF/RDA [Gilbert Noel OUEDRAOGO]
• African People’s Movement or MAP [Victorien TOUGOUMA]
• Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Achille TAPSOBA]
• Le Faso Autrement [Ablasse OUEDRAOGO]
• New Alliance of the Faso or NAFA [Rasmane OUEDRAOGO]
• New Time for Democracy or NTD [Vincent DABILGOU]
• Organization for Democracy and Work or ODT [Mahamoudou SAWADOGO]
• Party for Development and Change or PDC [Saran SEREME]
• Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party or PDP-PS [Francois O. KABORE]
• Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba or PDS/Metba [Philippe OUEDRAOGO]
• Party for National Renaissance or PAREN [Tahirou BARRY]
• People's Movement for Progress or MPP [Roch March Christian KABORE]
• Rally for Democracy and Socialism or RDS [Francois OUEDRAOGO]
• Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Celestin Saidou COMPAORE]
• Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Adama SERE]
• Union for a New Burkina or UBN [Yacouba OUEDRAOGO]
• Union for Progress and Change or UPC [Zephirin DIABRE]
• Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA]
• Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]
• Youth Alliance for the Republic and Independence or AJIR [Adama KANAZOE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Balai Citoyen [Guy Herve KAM]
• Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Bassolma BAZIE]
• Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]
• Burkinabe Society for Constitutional Law or SBDC [Abdoulaye SOMA]
• Center for Democratic Governance or CGD [Thomas OUEDRAOGO]
• Coalition for African Renaissance or CAR [Herve OUATTARA]
• National Independent Union of Burkinabe Magistrates or SAMAB [Augustin LOADA]
• National Union for Health Workers or SYNTSHA
• National Union for Primary Education Teachers or SYNATEB

other:

watchdog/political action groups throughout the country

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU [Keffa NIBIZI]
• Independents of Hope (Amizero y'Abarundi) [Agathon RWASA and Charles NDITIJE]
• Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Alexis SINDUHUE]
• National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE]
• National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA]
• Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC (civil society umbrella organization) [Vital NSHMIRIMANA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV [Janira Hopffer ALMADA]

Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]

Democratic Christian Party or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]

Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Victor FIDALGO]

Movement for Democracy or MPD [Ulisses CORREIA E SILVA]

Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]

Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Anibal MEDINA]

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

environmentalists; political pressure groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Democracy and Development
• Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]
• Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]
• Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]
• Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]
• Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]
• Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]
• National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]
• Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]
• Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]
• Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Network of Human Rights Defenders in Central Africa or REDHAC [Maximilliene Ngo MBE]

Tribunal 53 Articles [Patrice NGANANG]

• Action Party for Development or PAD
• Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP [Clement BELIBANGA]
• Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [Desire Nzanga KOLINGBA]
• Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [Louis PAPENIAH]
• Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC [Martin ZIGUELE]
• National Convergence (also known as Kwa Na Kwa) or KNK [Francois BOZIZE]
• National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Amine MICHEL]
• New Alliance for Progress or NAP [Jean-Jacques DEMAFOUTH]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
• Union for Central African Renewal or URCA [Anicet-Georges DOLOGUELE]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDAR]

Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]

Framework of Popular Action for Solidarity and Unity of the Republic or CAP-SUR [Joseph Djimrangar DADNADJI]

National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]

National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]

Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]

Party for Unity and Reconciliation

Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Idriss DEBY]

Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]

RNDT/Le Reveil

Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA

Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Sande NGARYIMBE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC [AZALI Assoumani]
• Democratic Rally of the Comoros or RDC [Mouigni BARAKA]
• Juwa Party or PJ [Ahmed Abdallah SAMBI]
• Party for the Comorian Agreement (Partie Pour l'Entente Commorienne) or PEC [Fahmi Said IBRAHIM]
• Rally for an Alternative of Harmonious and Integrated Development or RADHI [Abdou SOEFO]
• Rally with a Development Intiiative for Enlightened Youth or RIDJA [Said LARIFOU]
• Union for the Development of the Comoros or UPDC [Mohamed HALIFA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Federation Comorienne des Consommateurs or FCC [Mohamed Said Abdallah MCHANGAMA]
• Mouvement des Entreprises comorienne or MODEC [Faharate HOUSSEIN]
• Union des Chambres de Commerce et de l'Industrie et de l'Agriculture or UCCIA [Ahmed Ali BAZI]
• Confederation des Travailleurs Comoriens or CTC [Salim SOULAIMANA]

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democrat Party or PDC [Jose ENDUNDO]
• Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [Azarias RUBERWA]
• Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC
• Forces of Renewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]
• Movement for the Liberation of the Congo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]
• People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy or PPRD [Henri MOVA]
• Social Movement for Renewal or MSR [Pierre LUMBI]
• Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]
• Union for the Congolese Nation or UNC [Vital KAMERHE]
• Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Felix TSHISEKEDI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Allied Democratic Forces or ADF (anti-Ugandan Government rebel groups]
• Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo) or FARDC
• Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda or FDLR (Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's genocide in 1994)
• Le Rassemblement (established in 2016 as a coalition of members from several political parties)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Movement for Renewal or MAR [Roland BOUITI-VIAUDO]
• Citizen's Rally or RC [Claude Alphonse NSILOU]
• Congolese Labour Party or PCT [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO]
• Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS]
• Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST [Claudine MUNARI]
• Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Pascal Tsaty MABIALA]
• Party for the Unity of the Republic or PUR
• Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP [Auguste-Celestin GONGARD NKOUA]
• Prospects and Realities Club or CPR
• Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Bernard BATCHI]
• Rally of the Presidential Majority or RMP
• Republican and Liberal Party or PRL [Bonaventure MIZIDY]
• Union for the Republic or UR
• Union of Democratic Forces or UDF
• Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR
• many smaller parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Congolese Trade Union Confereration or CSC
• General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC
• Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC
• Congolese Socialist Youth Union or UJSC

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE]
• Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascal Affi N'GUESSAN]
• Liberty and Democracy for the Republic or LIDER [Mamadou KOULIBALY]
• Movement of the Future Forces or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY KOBENA]
• Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane Dramane OUATTARA]
• Union for Cote d'Ivoire or UPCI [Gnamien KONA]
• Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Albert Toikeuse MABRI]

other:

more than 144 smaller registered parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Fulgene ASSI]
• National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE]
• Panafrican Congress for Justice and Peoples Equality or COJEP [Roselin BLY]

• Center for United Democrats or CDU [Omar Elmi KHAIREH, chairman]
• Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]
• Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]
• Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]
• Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development [Daher Ahmed FARAH]
• Movement for Development and Liberty or MODEL [Ismail Ahmed WABERI]
• National Democratic Party or PND [Aden Robleh AWALEH]
• People's Rally for Progress or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party)
• Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Hasna Moumin BAHDON]
• Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD
• Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP (a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD)
• Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Ilya Ismail GUEDI Hared]
• Union for National Salvation or USN [Ahmed Youssouf HOUMED] (coalition includes ARD, MoDel, MRD, PDD, PND, UDJ)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN]

Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [Sameh ASHOUR]

Congress Party [Omar Mokhtar SEMEIDA]

Conservative Party [Akmal KOURTAM]

Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY]

Egyptian National Movement Party [Ibrahim DARWISH]

Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Mervat TALAWAY]

Freedom Party [Mamdouh HASSAN]

Free Egyptian Building Party

Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL]

Homeland’s Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (retired) Galal AL-HARIDI]

Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS]

Mostaqbal Watan (Nation’s Future) Party [Mohamed Ashraf RASHAD]

My Homeland Egypt Party [Qadry ABU HUSSEIN]

National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL]

Nation's Future Party [Ashraf RASHAD, secretary general]

New Wafd Party [Sayed al-BADAWI]

Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT]

Republican People’s Party [Hazim AMR]

Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• labor unions
• student unions
• teacher unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Andres ESONO ONDO]
• Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo]
• Electoral Coalition or EC
• Front of Democratic Opposiiton or FOD (coalition includes CPDS, FDR, UP)
• Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Carmelo MBA BACALE]
• Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ AYECABA]

not officially registered parties:

Democratic Republican Force or FDR [Guillermo NGUEMA ELA]

Citizens for Innovation or CI

Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]

Union for the Center Right or UDC [Avelino MOCACHE MEAENGA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform)
• Coalicion CEIBA (group formed by diverse, exiled political parties)
• C.O.R.E.D. [Raimundo Ela NSANG] (based in Paris)
• EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afworki] (the only party recognized by the government)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrean Kunama or DMLEK
• Eritrean Democratic Alliance or EDA
• Eritrean Islamic Party for Justice and Development or EIPJD (includes the Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM), Eritrean Islamic Salvation, and the Eritrean Islamic Foundation)
• Eritrean National Congress for Democratic Change or ENCDC
• Eritrean National Salvation Front or ENSF
• Eritrean People's Democratic Party or EPDP
• Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization or RSADO

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

the status of political parties, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitution; the following are considered political associations:

African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Sibusiso DLAMINI]

Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Dr. Alvit DLAMINI]

People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU]

Swaziland Democratic Party or SWADEPA [Jan SITHOLE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Swaziland United Democratic Front or SUDF
• Trade Union Congress of Swaziland or TUCOSWA
• Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Taha AHMED]

Argoba People Democratic Organization or APDO

Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Party or BGPDUP

Blue Party (Semayawi Party) [Solomon TESSEMA, spokesman]

Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum or MEDREK [Beyene PETROS] (a 4-party alliance)

Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [Hailemarian DESALEGN] (includes Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO; Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM; Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF)

Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM

Harari National League or HNL [Murad ABDULHADI]

Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Ginbot 7 Movement
• Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF
• Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean-Boniface ASSELE]
• Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [DIDJOB Divungui di Ndinge]
• Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Ali BONGO Ondimba]
• Independent Center Party of Gabon or PGCI [Luccheri GAHILA]
• Rally for Gabon or RPG
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]
• Union for the New Republic or UPRN [Louis Gaston MAYILA]
• Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Richard MOULOMBA]
• Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Jean PING]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Gabones Trade Union Confederation or GOSYGA [Martin ALLINI] (affiliated with the International Union Confederation)

National Convention of Trade Unions in the education sector or CONASYSED (banned by the governemnt in early 2017)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Fabakary JATTA]
• Coalition 2016 [collective leadership] (electoral coalition including UDP, PDOIS, NRP, GMC, GDC, PPP, GPDP)
• Gambia Democratic Congress or GDC [Mama KANDEH]
• Gambia Moral Congress or GMC [Mai FATTY]
• Gambia Party for Democracy and Progress or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]
• National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Samba JALLOW]
• National Convention Party or NCP [Ebrima Janko SANYANG]
• People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA]
• People's Progressive Party or PPP [Yaya CEESAY)]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• The Association of Non-Governmental Organizations or TANGO
• Female Lawyers Association of Gambia or FLAG
• Gambia Committee on Traditional Practices or GAMCOTRAP
• Gambia Press Union or GPU
• West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA
• Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia

other:

special needs group advocates; teachers and principals

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

note: Ghana has more than 20 registered parties; included are 5 of the more popular parties as of May 2017

Convention People's Party or CPPm [Edmund DELLE]

National Democratic Congress or NDC [Kofi PORTUPHY]

New Patriotic Party or NPP Nana AKUFO-ADDO]

People's National Convention or PNC Edward MAHAMA]

Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Dr. Papa Kwesi NDOUM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

public policy think tanks:

• Institute for Democratic Governance (IDEG);
• IMANI Center for Policy and Education;
• Ghana Center for Democratic Development;
• Institute for Economic Affairs

professional and trade groups:

• Ghana Bar Association;
• Ghana Trades Union Congress;
• American Chamber of Commerce;
• British Chamber of Commerce;
• and a host of religious organizations

other:

wide range of international and domestic human rights and policy advocacy groups, environmental groups, business organizations, traditional leaders and youth groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Bloc Liberal or BL [Faya MILLIMONO]
• National Party for Hope and Development or PEDN [Lansana KOUYATE]
• Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]
• Union for the Progress of Guinea or UPG
• Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]
• Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance

Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cabo Verde or PAIGC [Domingos SIMOES PEREIRA]
• Democratic Convergence Party or PCD [Vicente FERNANDES]
• New Democracy Party or PND [Mamadu Iaia DJALO]
• Party for Social Renewal or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA]
• Republican Party for Independence and Development or PRID [Aristides GOMES]
• Union for Change or UM [Agnelo REGALA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Chamber of Commerce of Agriculture, Industry, and Services [Braima CAMARA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance Party of Kenya or APK [Kiraitu MURUNGI]
• Amani National Congress [Musalia MUDAVADI]
• Federal Party of Kenya or FPK [Cyrus JIRONGA]
• Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-Kenya or FORD-K [Moses WETANGULA]
• Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-P [Henry OBWOCHA]
• Jubilee Party [Uhuru KENYATTA]
• Kenya African National Union or KANU [Gideon MOI]
• National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Charity NGILU]
• National Super Alliance (includes ODM, ANC, WDM-K, FORD-K) [Raila ODINGA]
• Orange Democratic Movement Party of Kenya or ODM [Raila ODINGA]
• Wiper Democratic Movement-K or WDM-K (formerly Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya or ODM-K) [Kalonzo MUSYOKA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• African Center for Open Governance or AfriCOG [Gladwell OTIENO]
• Anglican Church of Kenya [Archbishop Jackson Nasoore Ole SAPIT]
• Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Mohammed KHALIFA]
• Federation of Women Lawyers in Kenya
• Kenya Association of Manufacturers
• Kenya Human Rights Commission or KHRC [George KEGORO]
• Kenya Private Sector Alliance
• Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice (umbrella group of more than 30 NGOs)
• Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]
• National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]
• Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI]
• Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal John NJUE]
• Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Adan WACHU]

other:

labor unions, other Christian churches

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All Basotho Convention or ABC [Motsoahae Thomas THABANE]
• Alliance of Democrats or AD [Monyane MOLELEKI]
• Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Thulo MAHLAKENG]
• Basotho National Party or BNP [Thesele MASERIBANE]
• Democratic Congress or DC [Pakalitha MOSISILI]
• Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Mothetjoa METSING]
• Lesotho Peoples Congress or LPC [Mabusetsa MAKHARILELE]
• Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Tlhoriso LEKATSA]
• Movement of Economic Change or MEC [Selibe MOCHOBOROANE]
• National Independent Party or NIP [Kimetso MATHABA]
• Popular Front for Democracy of PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]
• Reformed Congress of Lesotho or RCL [Keketso RANTSO]
• Truth Reconciliation Unity or TRU [Tlali KHASU]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Media Institute of Southern Africa or MISA, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MATŠASA] (media freedom advocates)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Marcus S. G. DAHN]
• Alternative National Congress or ANC [Orishil GOULD]
• Coalition for Democratic Change [George WEAH] (includes CDC, NPP, LPDP)
• Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]
• Liberia Destiny Party or LDP [Nathaniel BARNES]
• Liberia Transformation Party or LTP [Julius SUKU]
• Liberian People Democratic Party or LPDP [Alex J. TYLER]
• Liberty Party or LP [J. Fonati KOFFA]
• Movement for Democracy and Reconstruction or MDR [Prince Y. JOHNSON]
• Movement for Progressive Change or MPC [Simeon FREEMAN]
• National Democratic Coalition or NDC [Dew MAYSON]
• National Democratic Party of Liberia or NDPL [D. Nyandeh SIEH]
• National Patriotic Party or NPP [Jewel HOWARD TAYLOR]
• National Reformist Party or NRP [Maximillian T. W. DIABE]
• National Union for Democratic Progress or NUDP [Victor BARNEY]
• People's Unification Party or PUP [Isobe GBORKORKOLLIE]
• Unity Party or UP [Varney SHERMAN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Liberian Federation of Labor Unions or LFLU [Aloysius KIE]
• MCSS Teachers Association
• National Health Workers Association of Liberia
• National Teachers Association of Liberia or NTAL [Mary MULBAH]

other:

demobilized former military officers

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• AVANA Party [Jean-Louis ROBINSON]
• Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery/LEADER-Fanilo [Manasse ESOAVELOMANDROSO]
• Green Party/Parti Vert or AMHM [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA]
• I Love Madagascar (Tiako I Madagaskara) or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]
• National Unity, Freedom, and Development or FFF [Benjamin RADAVIDSON Andriamparany]
• New Forces for Madagascar (Hery Vaovao ho an'i Madagaskara) or HVM [Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA]
• Parti Hiaraka Isika or PHI [Albert Camille VITAL]
• Pillar of Madagascar or AIM [Andry RAKOTOVAO]
• Ravalomanana Movement or MR
• Sambo Fiaran'i Noe or SFN
• Union Party or Tambatra [Pety RAKOTONIAINA]
• Vondrona Politika Miara dia Malagasy Miara Miainga or VPM MMM [Milavonjy ANDRIASY]
• With the President Andry RAJOELIN (Miaraka Amin'ny Prezida Andry Rajoelina) or MAPAR [Andry RAJOELINA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR
• Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN
• National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Godfrey SHAWA]
• Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Peter MUTHARIKA]
• Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Lazarus CHAKWERA]
• People's Party or PP [Joyce BANDA]
• United Democratic Front or UDF [Atupele MULUZI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, development)
• Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights)
• Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro-economic growth, development, government accountability)
• Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi)
• Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace, unity)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence or SADI [Oumar MARIKO]
• Alliance for Democracy in Mali-Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity, and Justice or ADEMA-PASJ [Tiemoko SANGARE]
• Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP (coalition includes ADEMA and URD)
• Alliance for the Solidarity of Mali-Convergence of Patriotic Forces or ASMA-CFP [Soumeylou Boubeye MAIGA]
• Alternative Forces for Renewal and Emergence or FARE [Modibo SIDIBE]
• Convergence for the Development of Mali or CODEM [Housseyni Amion GUINDO]
• Economic and Social Development Party or PDES [Jamille BITTAR]
• Front for Democracy and the Republic or FDR (coalition of smaller opposition parties)
• National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL]
• Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME]
• Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel Kokalla MAIGA]
• Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA]
• Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Younoussi TOURE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Malian Company for Textile Development or CMDT

Malian Defence Force

other:

Islamic authorities

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Justice and Democracy/Movement for Renewal or AJD/MR [Ibrahima Moctar SARR]
• Burst of Youth for the Nation [Lalla CHERIVA]
• Coalition for Pacific Alternation or CAP (coalition of opposition parties, including APP, El Wiam)
• Coalition of Majority Parties or CPM (includes UPR, UDP)
• Coordination of Democratic Opposition or COD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH] (coalition includes RNRD-TAWASSOUL)
• El Karama Party [Cheikhna Ould Mohamed Ould HAJBOU]
• El Vadila Party [Ethmane Ould Ahmed ABOULMAALY]
• El Wiam [Boidiel Ould HOUMEIT]
• Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement [Biram Dah ABEID]
• National Rally for Reform and Development or RNRD-TAWASSOUL [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR]
• Party for Liberty, Equality and Justice [Ba ALASSANE]
• Party of Unity and Development or PUD [Mohamed BARO]
• Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messaoud Ould BOULKHEIR]
• Ravah Party
• Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR [Sidi Mohamed Ould Mohamed VALL]
• Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]
• Union for Progress [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]
• Union for the Republic or UPR [Sidi Mohamed Ould MAHAM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Association of Women Heads of Household [Aminetou Mint ElMOCTAR]
• General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED]
• Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM and El Hor [Samory Ould BEYE] (civil society organization, anti-slavery)
• Initiative for Resurgent Abolitionist Movement or IRA-Mauritania [Biram Dah ABEID] (US-based, anti-slavery group)
• Mauritanian Human Rights Association or AMDH [Fatimata M'BAYE]
• Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM]
• National Forum for Democracy and Unity [Mohamed Jamil Ould MANSOUR]
• SOS-Esclaves [Boubacar Ould MESSAOUD] (anti-slavery)

other:

• Arab nationalists;
• Ba'athists;
• Islamists;
• Nasserists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance Lepep (Alliance of the People) [Pravind JUGNAUTH] (coalition including MSM, PMSD, and ML)
• Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PTR or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]
• Mauritian Militant Movement (Mouvement Militant Mauricien) or MMM [Paul BERENGER]
• Mauritian Social Democratic Party (Parti Mauricien Social Democrate) or PMSD [Xavier Luc DUVAL]
• Mauritian Solidarity Front (Front Solidarite Mauricienne) or FSM [Cehl FAKEERMEEAH, known as Cehl MEEAH]
• Militant Socialist Movement (Mouvement Socialist Mauricien) or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH]
• Muvman Liberater or ML [Ivan COLLENDAVELLOO]
• Rodrigues Peoples Organization (Organisation du Peuple Rodriguais) or OPR [Serge CLAIR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Lalit Political Party
• Resistance and Alternative (Rezistans ek Alternativ)
• Say No to Coal!

other:

various labor unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Party or PA [Mohammed EL IDRISSI]
• Amal (hope) Party [Mohamed BANI]
• An-Nahj Ad-Dimocrati or An-Nahj [Mustapha BRAHMA]
• Authenticity and Modernity Party or PAM [vacant]
• Constitutional Union Party or UC [Mohamed SAJID]
• Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Abdessamad ARCHANE]
• Democratic Forces Front or FFD [Mustapha BENALI]
• Democratic Oath Party or SD
• Democratic Socialist Vanguard Party or PADS [Abderrahman BENAMROU]
• Democratic Society Party [Zhour CHAKKAFI]
• Environment and Development Party or PED [Karim HRITAN]
• Green Left Party [Mohamed FARES]
• Istiqlal (Independence) Party or PI [Hamid CHABAT]
• Ittihadi National Congress or CNI [Abdesalam EL AZIZ]
• Labor Party or PT
• Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohammed ZIANE]
• Moroccan Union for Democracy or UMD [Jamal MANDRI]
• National Rally of Independents or RNI [Aziz AKHANNOUCH]
• Neo-Democrats Party [Mohamed DARIF]
• Party of Development Reform or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOHEN]
• Party of Justice and Development or PJD [Abdelillah BENKIRANE]
• Party of Liberty and Social Justice [Miloud MOUSSAOUI]
• Popular Movement or MP [Mohand LAENSER]
• Progress and Socialism Party or PPS [Nabil BENABDELLAH]
• Renaissance and Virtue Party [Mohamed KHALIDI]
• Renaissance Party [Said EL GHENNIOUI]
• Renewal and Equity Party or PRE [Chakir ACHEHABAR]
• Shoura (consultation) and Istiqlal Party [Ahmed BELGHAZI]
• Social Center Party or PCS [Lahcen MADIH]
• Socialist Party [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]
• Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Driss LACHGAR]
• Unified Socialist Party or GSU [Nabila MOUNIB]
• Unity and Democracy Party [Ahmed FITRI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir EL AMAOUI]
• General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Mohamed KAFI CHERRAT]
• Justice and Charity Organization or JCO [Mohammed ben Abdesslam ABBADI]
• Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Miriem BENSALAH-CHAQROUN]
• National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdessalam MAATI]
• Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Miloudi EL MOUKHARIK]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO]
• Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Filipe NYUS]
• Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTA, president]

Youth Parliament (Parlamento Juvenil) [Salomao MUCHANGA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]
• Communist Party of Namibia or CPN (formerly known as Workers' Revolutionary Party or WRP) [Attie BEUKES and Harry BOESAK]
• Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [McHenry VENAANI]
• National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Asser MBAI]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Jeremiah NAMBINGA]
• Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]
• South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]
• South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hage GEINGOB, acting president]
• United Democratic Front or UDF [Apius AUCHAB]
• United People's Movement or UPM [Jan J. VAN WYK]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Society for Human Rights or NAMRIGHTS

other:

labor unions

• Alliance of Movements for the Emergence of Niger or AMEN AMIN [Omar Hamidou TCHIANA]
• Congress for the Republic or CPR-Inganci [Kassoum MOCTAR]
• Democratic Alliance for Niger or ADN-Fusaha [Habi Mahamadou SALISSOU]
• Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Abdou LABO]
• National Movement for the Development of Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU]
• Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]
• Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU]
• Nigerien Movement for Democratic Renewal or MNRD-Hankuri [Mahamane OUSMANE]
• Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]
• Nigerien Patriotic Movement or MPN-Kishin Kassa [Ibrahim YACOUBA]
• Party for Socialism and Democracy in Niger or PSDN-Alheri
• Patriotic Movement for the Republic or MPR-Jamhuriya [Albade ABOUBA]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]
• Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Amadou CHEIFFOU]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD-Bassira [Mohamed BEN OMAR]
• Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat [Amadou Boubacar CISSE]

note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]
• All Progressives Congress or APC [John Odigie OYEGUN]
• All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]
• Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI]
• Labor Party or LP [Alhai Abdulkadir ABDULSALAM]
• Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Ali Modu SHERIFF]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU
• Campaign for Democracy or CD
• Civil Liberties Organization or CLO
• Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR
• Constitutional Right Project or CRP
• Human Right Africa
• National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL
• National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS
• Nigerian Bar Association or NBA
• Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC
• Nigerian Medical Association or NMA
• Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

other:

media

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Liberal Party or PL [Donatille MUKABALISA]

Party for Progress and Concord or PPC [Dr. Alivera MUKABARAMBA]

Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]

Rwandan Patriotic Front Coalition (includes RPF, PPC) [Paul KAGAME]

Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

none

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

private sector; unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Force for Democratic Change Movement or MDFM [Fradique Bandeira Melo DE MENEZES]
• Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Patrice TROVOADA]
• Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Aurelio MARTINS]
• Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group or PCD-GR [Leonel Mario D'ALVA]
• other small parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG

other:

media

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR-Yakaar [Macky SALL]
• Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]
• And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS [Mamadou DIOP Decriox]
• And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS-A [Landing SAVANE]
• Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope) [Macky SALL] (coalition includes AFP, APR, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, UNP)
• Bokk Gis Gis coalition [Pape DIOP]
• Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk [Mansour Sy DJAMIL]
• Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Mamadou NDOYE]
• Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE]
• Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]
• Grand Party or GP [Malick GAKOU]
• Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Magatte THIAM]
• Manko Taxawu Senegaal or MTS [Khalifa SALL] (coalition includes BGC, Du Nakk, FSD/BJ, GP, MCRN/Bes, Rewmi)
• National Union for the People or UNP [Souleymane Ndene NDIAYE]
• Party for Truth and Development or PVD [Cheikh Ahmadou Kara MBAKE]
• Party of Unity and Rally or PUR [El Hadji SALL]
• Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi [Abdoulaye BALDE]
• Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]
• Rewmi Party [Idrissa SECK]
• Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]
• Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]
• Tekki Movement [Mamadou Lamine DIALLO]
• Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]
• Winning Coalition Wattu Senegal or CGWS [Abdoulaye WADE] (includes AJ/PADS, AJ/PADS-A, Bokk Gis Gis, PDS, Tekki Movement)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Catholic clergy;
• labor;
• religious groups;
• students;
• Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes;
• teachers

• Lafors Demokratik Seselwa or LSD (Martin AGLAE)
• People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [James Alix MICHEL] (formerly SPPF)
• Seselwa (Seychelles) United Party or SUP [Robert ERNESTA] (formerly the New Democratic Party or NDP)
• Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)
• Seychelles Party for Social Justice and Democracy or SPSD
• Seychelles Patriotic Movement or SPM [Regis FRANCOURT]
• Seychelloise Alliance (Lalyans Seselwa) [Patrick PILLAY]
• Seychellois Democratic Alliance (Linyon Demokratik Seselwa) or LDS [Roger MANCIENNE] (includes SNP, Seychelloise Alliance, SPSD, SUP)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]
• Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sumanoh KAPEN]
• numerous other parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

student unions; trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Cosmopolitan Democratic Party [Yarow Sharef ADEN]
• Daljir Party or DP [Hassan MOALIM]
• Democratic Green Party of Somalia or DGPS [Abdullahi Y. MAHAMOUD]
• Democratic Party of Somalia or DPS [Maslah Mohamed SIAD]
• Green Leaf for Democracy or GLED
• Hiil Qaran
• Justice and Communist Party [Mohamed NUR]
• Justice and Development of Democracy and Self-Respectfulness Party or CAHDI [Abdirahman Abdigani IBRAHIM Bile]
• Liberal Party of Somalia
• National Unity Party (Xisbiga MIdnimo-Quaran) [Abdurahman BAADIYOW]
• Peace and Development Party or PDP
• Somali National Party or SNP [Mohammed Ameen Saeed AHMED]
• Somali People's Party [Mahamud Hassan RAGE]
• Somali Green Party (local chapter of Federation of Green Parties of Africa)
• Tayo or TPP [Mohamed Abdullahi MOHAMED]
• Tiir Party [Fadhil Sheik MOHAMUD]
• United and Democratic Party [Salad Ali JELLE]
• United Somali Parliamentarians

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

numerous political associations and clan and sub-clan factions exist in support of and against political leaders from clans, Federal Member State presidents, and others, including the former and current presidents

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE]
• African Independent Congress or AIC [Mandla GALO]
• African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]
• African People's Convention or APC [Themba GODI]
• Agang SA [Mike TSHISHONGA]
• Congress of the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]
• Democratic Alliance or DA [Mmusi MAIMANE]
• Economic Freedom Fighters or EFF [Julius Sello MALEMA]
• Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter GROENEWALD]
• Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]
• National Freedom Party or NFP [Zanele kaMAGWAZA-MSIBI]
• Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania or PAC [Luthanado MBINDA]
• United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Isaac Sipho MFUNDISI]
• United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Sdumo DLAMINI]
• South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE]
• South African National Civic Organization or SANCO [Richard MDAKANE]

note: COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the African National Congress

• Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva KIIR Mayardit]
• Sudan People's Liberation Movement-Democratic Movement or SPLM-DC [Lam AKOL, chairman]
• Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition or SPLM-IO [Riek MACHAR Teny Dhurgon]
• Democratic Change or DC [Onyoti Adigo NYIKWEC] (formerly SPLM-DC)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Jalal al-DIGAIR]

Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI]

Federal Umma Party [Dr. Ahmed Babikir NAHAR]

Muslim Brotherhood or MB

National Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]

National Umma Party or NUP [Saddiq al-MAHDI]

Popular Congress Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]

Reform Movement Now [Dr. Ghazi Salahuddin al-ATABANI]

Sudan National Front [Ali Mahmud HASANAYN]

Sudanese Communist Party or SCP [Mohammed Moktar Al-KHATEEB]

Sudanese Congress Party or SCoP [Ibrahim Al-SHEIKH]

Umma Party for Reform and Development

Unionist Movement Party or UMP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Gibril Fidail IBRAHIM], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-AW [Abdel Wahid al-NUR, various factional leaders], Sudan Liberation Movement or SLM-MM [Minni Arkou MINAWI]

National Consensus Front or NCF [Farouq ABU ISSA]

Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North or SPLM-N [Yasir ARMAN]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Change and Transparency or ACT [Zitto KABWE]
• Alliance for Democratic Change or ADC [Miraji ABDALLAH]
• Civic United Front or CUF (Chama Cha Wananchi [Seif Shariff HAMAD, Secretary General]
• National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi or NCCR-M [James Francis MBATCA]
• Party of Democracy and Development or CHADEMA (Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo) [Freeman MBOWE]
• Revolutionary Party or CCM (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) [John MAGUFULI]
• Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine MREMA]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [John Momose CHEYO]

note: in March 2014, four opposition parties (CUF, CHADEMA, NCCR-Mageuzi, and the National League for Democracy) united to form Umoja wa Katiba ya Wananchi (Coalition for the People's Constitution) or UKAWA; during local elections held in October, 2014, UKAWA entered one candidate representing the three parties united in the coalition

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF
• Free Zanzibar
• Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA
• Tanzania Private Sector Foundation or TPSF
• Twaweza

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yaovi AGBOYIBO]
• Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI [Tchaboure GOGUE]
• Combat for Political Change in 2015 or CAP 2015 [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
• Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON]
• Democrastic Forces for the Republic or FDR [Dodji APEVON]
• National Alliance for Change or ANC [Jean-Pierre FABRE]
• New Togolese Commitment [Gerry TAAMA]
• Pan-African National Party or PNP [Tikpi ATDCHADAM]
• Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]
• Rainbow Alliance (a coalition including CAR and CDPA) [Brigitte ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON]
• Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR [Abi TCHESSA]
• The Togolese Party [Nathaniel OLYMPIO]
• Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]
• Union for the Republic or UNIR [Faure GNASSINGBE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Afek Tounes [Yassine BRAHIM]
• Al Badil Al-Tounisi (The Tunisian Alternative) [Mehdi JOMAA]
• Call for Tunisia (Nidaa Tounes) [Hafedh CAID ESSEBSI]
• Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI]
• Current of Love [Hachemi HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)
• Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI]
• Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU]
• Democratic Patriots' Unified Party [Zied LAKHDHAR]
• Free Patriotic Union or UPL (Union patriotique libre) [Slim RIAHI]
• Green Tunisia Party [Abdelkader ZITOUNI]
• Machrou Tounes (Tunisia Project) [Mohsen MARZOUK]
• Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]
• Nahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]
• National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE]
• Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard [Ahmed JEDDICK, Kheireddine SOUABNI]
• People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]
• Popular Front (coalition includes Democratic Patriots' Unified Party, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democratic Arab Vanguard)
• Republican Party [Maya JRIBI]
• Tunisian Ba'ath Movement [OMAR Othman BELHADJ]
• Workers' Party [Hamma HAMMAMI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Tunisian Association of Women Democrats or ATFD
• Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Jamel MSALLEM]
• Tunisian General Labor Union or UGTT [Noureddine TABOUBI]
• Tunisian Women's Association for Research and Development or AFTURD

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]
• Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO]
• Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Mugisha MUNTU]
• Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA]
• National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]
• Uganda People's Congress or UPC [James AKENA]
• Uganda People's Defense Force or UPDF

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Monica EMIRU]
• Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO
• Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Polisario Front

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for Democracy and Development or ADD [Charles MILUPI]
• Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Edith NAWAKWI]
• Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Nevers MUMBA]
• Patriotic Front or PF [Edgar LUNGU]
• United Party for National Development or UPND [Hakainde HICHILEMA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU; Federation of Free Trade Unions in Zambia

other:

other labor and trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Freedom Front [Cosmas MPONDA]
• Movement for Democratic Change - Ncube or MDC-N [Welshman NCUBE]
• Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai or MDC-T [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]
• National People's Party or NPP [Joyce MUJURU] formerly Zimbabwe People First or ZimPF)
• Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Tendai BITI]
• Transform Zimbabwe or TZ [Jacob NGARIVHUME]
• Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson MNANGAGWA]
• Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Dumiso DABENGWA]
• Zimbabwe People First or ZimFirst [Maxwell SHUMBA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition
• National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]
• Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenni WILLIAMS]
• Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Peter MUTASA]
• Zimbabwe Human Rights Association or ZimRights [Okay MACHISA]
• Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum [Jestina MUKOKO]
• Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights or ZLHR [Roselyn HANZI]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democrats Party or D (Demokraatit) [Randi VESTERGAARD EVALDSEN]
• Forward Party or S (Siumut) [Kim KIELSEN]
• Inuit Community or IA (Inuit Ataqatigiit) [Sara OLSVIG]
• Inuit Party or PI (Partii Inuit) [Nikku OLSEN]
• Partii Naleraq or PN [Hans ENOKSEN]
• Solidarity Party or A (Atassut) [Siverth Karl HEILMANN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• conservationists;
• environmentalists;
• independence activists

• Bright Future (Bjort framtid) or BF [Ottarr PROPPE]
• Independence Party (Sjalfstaedisflokkurinn) or IP [Bjarni BENEDIKTSSON]
• Left-Green Movement (Vinstrihreyfingin-graent frambod) or LGM [Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR]
• Pirate Party (Piratar) or PIP [Birgitta JONSDOTTIR]
• Progressive Party (Framsoknarflokkurinn) or PP [Sigurdur Ingi JOHANNSSON]
• Reform (Vidreisn) or R [Benedict JOHANNSSON]
• Social Democratic Alliance (Samfylkingin) or SDA [Logi Mar EINARSSON]
• Sturla Jonsson (formerly Move Forward Party [Sturla JONSSON, chairman]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Svalbard Conservative Party [Torgeir PRYTZ]
• Svalbard Green Party [Helga Bardsdatter KRISTIANSEN and Espen Klungseth ROTEVATN]
• Svalbard Labor Party [Arild OLSEN]
• Svalbard Liberal Party [Erik BERGER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

note - the Ministry of Justice licensed 57 political parties as of September 2016

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• religious groups,
• tribal leaders,
• ethnically based groups,
• Taliban

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Armenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent and opposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN]
• Armenian National Movement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]
• Armenian Revolutionary Federation or ARF ("Dashnak" Party) [Hrant MARKARIAN]
• Heritage Party [Raffi HOVHANNISIAN]
• People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN]
• Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSARUKYAN]
• Republican Party of Armenia or RPA [Serzh SARGSIAN]
• Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [Artur BAGHDASARIAN]
• Tsarukyan Alliance [Gagik TSARUKYAN]
• Yelk (Way Out) Alliance [Edmon Marukyan]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN]

Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]
• Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV]
• Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV]
• Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE]
• Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA]
• Musavat [Arif HAJILI]
• Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI]
• Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI]
• Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
• Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI]
• Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI]
• Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]
• Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• D18 [Ruslan IZZETLI]]
• Ireli Public Union or Ireli PU [MirHasan SEYIDOV]
• National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI]
• N!DA Civic Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Ulvi HASANLI] (youth movement)
• Republican Alternative or REAL [Ilgar MAMMADOV (in prison since 2013)]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Awami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]
• Bangladesh Nationalist Front or BNF [Abdul Kalam AZADI]
• Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP [Khaleda ZIA]
• Bangladesh Tariqat Federation or BTF [Syed Nozibul Bashar MAIZBHANDARI]
• Jatiya Party or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]
• Jatiya Party or JP (Manju faction) [Anwar Hossain MANJU]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]
• National Socialist Party or JSD [KHALEQUZZAMAN]
• Workers Party or WP [Rashed Khan MENON]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Ain o Salish Kendro (Centre for Law and Mediation) or ASK (legal aid and civil rights)

Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity or BCWS

Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC [Sir Fasel Hasan ABED]

Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry or FBCCI [Md. Shafiul Islam (Mohiuddin)]

Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs or MoWCA [Meher Afroze CHUMKI] (advocacy group to end gender-based violence)

Odikhar [Dr. C.R. ABRAR (human rights group)

other:

• associations of madrassa teachers;
• business associations, including those intended to promote international trade;
• development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank;
• environmentalists;
• Islamist groups;
• labor rights advocacy groups;
• NGOs focused on poverty alleviation, and international trade;
• religious leaders;
• tribal groups and advocacy organizations;
• union leaders

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Bhutan Kuen-Nyam Party or BKP [Dasho Neten ZANGMO]
• Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT [Pema GYAMTSHO]
• Druk Chirwang Tshogpa or DCT [Lily WANGCHUK]
• Druk Nymarup Tshogpa or DNT [Tandin DORJI]
• People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tshering TOBGAY]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Druk National Congress or DNC [Gedun CHOEPHEL] (group in exile)
• United Front for Democracy or UFD (group in exile)
• United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD [Jatuporn PROMPAN, chairman]

other:

Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepali-Bhutanese organizations (exiled)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping]

note: China has 8 nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

no substantial political opposition groups exist

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance of Patriots [Irma INASHVILI]
• European Georgia [Davit BAKRADZE] (split from UNM)
• Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI]
• Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Giorgi TOPADZE]
• National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]
• Free Democrats (FD) [Tamar KEKENADZE]
• Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE]
• State for the People Party [formerly Paata BURCHULADZE ]
• United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE]
• United National Movement or UNM [Nika MELIA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

separatists in the Russian-occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Aam Aadmi Party or AAP [Arvind KEJRIWAL]
• All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or AIADMK [V.K.SASIKALA]
• All India Trinamool Congress or AITC [Mamata BANERJEE]
• Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]
• Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Amit SHAH]
• Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]
• Communist Party of India-Marxist or CPI(M) [Prakash KARAT]
• Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]
• Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) [Ram Vilas PASWAN]
• Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]
• Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Lalu Prasad YADAV]
• Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]
• Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Parkash Singh BADAL]
• Shiv Sena or SS [Uddhav THACKERAY]
• Telegana Rashtra Samithi or TRS [K. Chandrashekar RAO]
• Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]
• YSR Congress or YSRC [Jagan Mohan REDDY]

note: India has dozens of national and regional political parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley (separatist group)
• Bajrang Dal (militant religious organization)
• Jamiat Ulema-e Hind [Mahmood MADANI] (religious organization)
• Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh or RSS [Mohan BHAGWAT] (nationalist organization)
• Vishwa Hindu Parishad [Pravin TOGADIA] (militant religious organization)

other:

• hundreds of social reform, anti-corruption, and environmental groups at state and local level;
• numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations;
• various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Yukio EDANO]
• Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Kohei OTSUKA]
• Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]
• Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]
• Japan Innovation Party or JIP [Ichiro MATSUI]
• Kibo no To or New Hope [Yuriko KOIKE]
• Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]
• Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)
• New Renaissance Party [Hiroyuki ARAI]
• Party for Japanese Kokoro or PJK [Masashi NAKANO]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Tadatomo YOSHIDA]
• The Assembly to Energize Japan and the Independents [Kota MATSUDA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

business groups; trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Ak Zhol (Bright Path) Party or Democratic Party of Kazakhstan Ak Zhol [Azat PERUASHEV]
• Auyl National Patriotic Party [Ali BEKTAYEV] (a merger of the Patriots’ Party and the Auyl Social Democratic Party)
• Birlik (Unity) [Serik SULTANGALI] (a merger of Adilet (Justice; formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan) and Rukhaniyat (Spirituality))
• Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV]
• National Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]
• Nur Otan (Radiant Fatherland) Democratic People's Party [Nursultan NAZARBAYEV] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]
• Chairman of Bureau's Council [Roza AKYLBEKOVA]
• Foundation for Support of Civil Initiatives [Nurul RAKHIMBEK]
• International Legal Initiative [Aina SHORMANBAYEVA]
• Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights and Rule of Law or KIBHR [Rosa AKYLBEKOVA]
• Legal Media Centre (sometimes known as the North Kazakhstan Legal Media Centre) [Diana OKREMOVA]
• Public Foundation for Parliamentary Development [Zauresh BATTALOVA]
• Republican Network of International Monitors or RNIM [Daniyar LIVAZOV]
• Transparency International [Natalya KOVALEVA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

major parties:

Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland or DFRF

Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Un]

General Association of Korean Residents in Japan or Chongryon

minor parties:

Chondoist Chongu Party (under KWP control)

Social Democratic Party or KSDP [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

none

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Bareun Party or BP [YOO Seong-min] (split from the NFP)

Democratic Party or DP [CHOO Mi-ae] (renamed from Minjoo Party of Korea or MPK in October 2016; formerly New Politics Alliance for Democracy or NPAD, which was a merger of the Democratic Party or DP (formerly DUP) [KIM Han-gil] and the New Political Vision Party or NPVP [AHN Cheol-soo] in March 2014)

Justice Party or JP [SIM Sang-jeong]

Liberty Korea Party or LKP [HONG Joon-pyo] (formerly the New Frontier Party (NFP) or Saenuri and before that the Grand National Party [HONG Joon-Pyo])

Minjung Party or MP (formed from the merger of the New People's Party (formerly the New People's Political Party or NPP) and the People's United Party or PUP)

Patriotic Party

People's Party or PP [AHN Cheol-soo]

Saenuri Party [CHUNG Kwang-Taek) (split from Liberty Korea Party in April 2017)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Christian Council of Korea
• Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice
• Federation of Korean Trade Unions
• Korea Women's Association United
• Korea Women's Hotline
• Korean Confederation of Trade Unions
• Korean Veterans' Association
• Lawyers for a Democratic Society
• National Council of Churches in Korea
• People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Akshumkar (White Falcon) [Temir SARIYEV]
• Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV]
• Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV]
• Bir Bol (Stay United) [Altynbek SULAIMANOV]
• Kyrgyzstan Party [Almazbek BATYRBEKOV]
• Onuguu-Progress [Bakyt TOROBAEV]
• Respublika (Republic) [Omurbek BABANOV]
• Respublika-Ata-Jurt (Republic-Homeland) [Omurbek BABANOV] (parliamentary faction)
• Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK [Isa OMURKULOV]
• United Kyrgyzstan [Adakhan MADUMAROV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]
• Bir Duino [Tolekan ISMAILOVA] (formerly Citizens Against Corruption)
• Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Azamat ADILOV]
• Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA] (human rights)
• Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV]
• Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Sheikh Imran ABDULLA]
• Maldives Development Alliance or MDA [Ahmed Shiyam MOHAMED]
• Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Hassan LATHEEF]
• Progressive Party of Maldives or PPM [Abdulla YAMEEN]
• Republican (Jumhooree) Party or JP [Qasim IBRAHIM]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

other:

various unregistered political parties

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party or DP [Sodnomzundui ERDENE]
• Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Bayanjargal TSOGTGEREL]
• Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Miyegombo ENKHBOLD]
• Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambar ENKHBAYAR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• human rights groups;
• women's rights groups;
• disability rights groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

note: 164 political parties are registered with the Election Commission of Nepal as of early 2017; 122 political parties participated in the 19 November 2013 election and the 30 parties listed below were elected to serve in the Constituent Assembly; however only 26 of the 30 are considered "national" parties

• Akhanda Nepal Party [Kumar KHADKA]
• Bahujan Shakti Party [Bishwendra PASHWAN]
• Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) or CPN-MC [Pushpa Kamal DAHAL, also known as Comrade PRACHANDA]
• Communist Party of Nepal-Marxist Leninist or CPN-ML [C.P. MAINALI]
• Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist or CPN-UML [Khadga Prasad Sharma OLI]
• Communist Party of Nepal (United) or CPN (United) [Jaydev JOSHI]
• Dalit Janajati Party Nepal [Yashoda Kumari LAMA]
• Federal Limbuwan State Council or FLSC [Kumar LINGDEN]
• Federal Socialist Forum-Nepal [Upendra YADAV]
• Federal Socialist Party [Ashok RAI]
• Jana Jagaran Party Nepal (Awareness Party Nepal) [Lok Mani DHAKAL]
• Khambuwan Rastriya Morcha-Nepal [Ram Kumar RAI]
• Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Democratic [Bijay Kumar GACHCHADAR]
• Madhesi People's Rights Forum-Republican [Raj Kishore YADAV]
• Madhesh Samata Party Nepal [Meghraj SAHANI]
• National Madhes Socialist Party [Sharat Singh BHANDARI]
• Nepal Pariwar Dal [Ek Nath DHAKAL]
• Nepal Workers and Peasants Party [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE]
• Nepali Congress or NC [Bahadur DEUBA]
• Nepali Janata Dal [Hari Charan SHAH]
• Rastriya Janamorcha Nepal [Chitra Bahadur K.C.]
• Rastriya Janamukti Party [Malwar Singh THAPA]
• Rastriya Prajatantra Party or RPP [Kamal THAPA]
• Sadhbhawana Party [Rajendra MAHATO]
• Samajwadi Janata Party [Prem Bahadur SINGH]
• Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party [Anil Kumar JHA]
• Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch [Rukmini CHAUDHARY]
• Terai Madhesh Democratic Party [Mahantha THAKUR]
• Terai-Madhesh Sadbhavana Party-Nepal [Mahendra YADAV]
• Tharuhat Terai Party Nepal [Bhanuram CHAUDARY]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Federation of Indigenous Nationalities

Tharu Kalyankari Sabha (Tharus rights advocacy group)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Awami National Party or ANP [Mian Iftikhar HUSSAIN]
• Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Mir Israr Ullah ZEHRI]
• Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Akhtar Jan MENGAL]
• Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Sirajul HAQ]
• Jamiat-i Ulema-i Islam Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazlur REHMAN]
• Muttahida Quami Movement or MQM [Farooq SATTAR]
• Muttahida Quami Movement-London or MQM-L [Nadeem NUSRAT]
• Pakhtun khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]
• Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO or Syed Shah Mardan SHAH-II]
• Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]
• Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI and Asif Ali ZARDARI]
• Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]
• Pak Sarzameen Party or PSP [Mustafa KAMAL]
• Quami Watan Party or QWP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]

note: political alliances in Pakistan shift frequently

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Pakistan Ulema Council or PUC

other:

• military;
• landowners;
• industrialists;
• small merchants

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]
• Civic Platform or CP [Rifat SHAYKHUTDINOV]
• Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy ZYUGANOV]
• Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY]
• Rodina [Aleksei ZHURAVLYOV]
• United Russia [Dmitriy MEDVEDEV]

note: 72 political parties are registered with Russia's Ministry of Justice (as of August 2017), but only six parties maintain representation in Russia's national legislature, and two of these only have one deputy apiece

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Committees of Soldiers' Mothers
• Confederation of Labor of Russia or KTR
• Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia
• Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights
• Memorial
• Movement Against Illegal Migration
• Russkiye
• Solidarnost
• The World Russian People's Congress
• Union of Russian Writers

other:

• business associations;
• environmental organizations;
• religious groups (especially those with Orthodox or Muslim affiliation);
• veterans groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Anura Kumara DISSANAYAKE]

Jathika Hela Urumaya or JHU [Karunarathna PARANAWITHANA and Ven Hadigalle WIMALASARA THERO]

New Democratic Front or NDF [Shalila MOONESINGHE]

Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Maithripala SIRISENA]

Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]

Tamil National Alliance or TNA [Rajavarothiam SAMPANTHAN] (alliance includes Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN], Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi Mavai SENATHIRAJAH], People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam [D. SIDDARTHAN], Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization Selvam ADAIKALANATHAN])

United National Front for Good Governance or EYJP [Ranil WICKREMESINGHE] (coalition includes JHU, UNP)

United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMESINGHE]

United People's Freedom Alliance or UPFA [Maithripala SIRISENA] (coalition includes SLFP)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Buddhist clergy
• Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups
• diaspora groups

other:

labor unions; hardline nationalist Sinhalese groups, such as the National Movement Against Terrorism

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Rustam LATIFZODA]
• Communist Party of Tajikistan or CPT [Miroj ABDULLOYEV]
• Democratic Party of Tajikistan or DPT [SaidjafFar USMONZODA]
• Party of Economic Reform of Tajikistan or PERT [Olimjon BOBOEV]
• Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Ovezmammed MAMMEDOV]
• People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]
• Social Democratic Party of Tajikistan or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]
• Socialist Party of Tajikistan or SPT [Abduhalim GHAFFOROV]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Group 24 [Suhrob ZAFAR] (banned)
• New Tajikistan Party [Zayd SAIDOV (jailed since 2013)] (unregistered)
• Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV]
• Youth for the Revival of Tajikistan [Maqsud IBROHIMOV - jailed in 2015] (banned)
• Youth Party of Tajikistan [Izzat AMON] (unregistered)
• Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan or IRPT [Muhiddin KABIRI - in exile] (banned)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Agrarian Party of Turkmenistan or APT [Ovezmyrat ENERMYRADOW]
• Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Kasymguly BABAYEW]
• Organization of Trade Unions of Turkmenistan
• Magtymguly Youth Organization
• Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs or PIE [Ovezmammed MAMMEDOW]
• Women's Union of Turkmenistan

note: a law authorizing the registration of political parties went into effect in January 2012; unofficial, small opposition movements exist abroad

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

none

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Ekologik Harakati) [Boriy ALIKHANOV]
• Justice (Adolat) Social Democratic Party of Uzbekistan [Narimon UMAROV]
• Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Liberal-Demokratik Partiyasi) or LDPU [Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV]
• National Revival Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (O'zbekiston Milliy Tiklanish Demokratik Partiyasi) [Sarvar OTAMURATOV]
• People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan (Xalq Demokratik Partiyas) or NDP [Hotamjon KETMONOV] (formerly Communist Party)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups in Uzbekistan

Anguilla Democratic Party or ADP

Anguilla National Alliance or ANA

Anguilla United Front or AUF [Victor BANKS] (an alliance ADP and ANA)

Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Dr. Ellis WEBSTER]

Democracy, Opportunity, Vision, and Empowerment Party or DOVE [Sutcliffe HODGE]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM
• Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Gaston BROWNE]
• Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Trevor WALKER]
• Barbuda People's Movement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]
• Barbudans for a Better Barbuda [Ordrick SAMUEL]
• Progressive Labor Movement or PLM
• United National Democratic Party or UNDP
• United Progressive Party or UPP [W. Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of ACLM, PLM, UNDP)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE]

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Aruban People's Party or AVP [Michiel "Mike" EMAN]
• Democratic Electoral Network or RED [L.R. CROES]
• People's Electoral Movement Party or MEP [Evelyn WEVER-CROES]
• Pueblo Orguyoso y Respeta or POR [O.E. ODUBER];; Real Democracy or PDR [Andin BIKKER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

environmental groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic National Alliance or DNA [Branville MCCARTNEY]
• Free National Movement or FNM [Hubert MINNIS]
• Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Philip "Brave" DAVIS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Friends of the Environment [Wynsome FERGUSON]

other:

trade unions

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Barbados Labor Party or BLP [Mia MOTTLEY]
• Democratic Labor Party or DLP [Freundel STUART]
• People's Empowerment Party or PEP [David COMISSIONG]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN]
• Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Pedro SHEPHERD]
• Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS]
• Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG]
• Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Cedric MURRELL]
• National Union of Public Workers or NUPW [Akanni MCDOWALL]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Belize Progressive Party or BPP [Patrick ROGERS] (formed in 2015 from a merger of the People's National Party, elements of the Vision Inspired by the People, and other smaller political groups)
• People's United Party or PUP [Johnny BRICENO]
• United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean Oliver BARROW]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Trade Union Congress of Belize or NTUCB [Floyd NEAL]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]

Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Julian FRASER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Family Support Network or FSN

Office of Gender Affairs or ODA (formerly Woman's Desk)

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Alden MCLAUGHLIN]

Cayman Democratic Party or CDP [McKeeva BUSH]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Coalition for Cayman or C4C
• People's National Alliance or PNA
• National Trust

other:

environmentalists

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Accessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar Andres LOPEZ Arias]
• Broad Front (Frente Amplio) or PFA [Ana Patricia MORA]
• Citizen Action Party or PAC [Olivier PEREZ Gonzalez]
• Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]
• Libertarian Movement Party or ML [Victor Danilo CUBERO Corrales]
• National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]
• National Liberation Party or PLN [Bernal JIMENEZ]
• National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO]
• Patriotic Alliance [Jorge ARAYA Westover]
• Popular Vanguard [Humberto VARGAS]
• Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Gerardo VARGAS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate)
• National Chamber of Coffee Growers
• Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate)
• Confederation of Workers Rerum Novarum or CTRN (National Libertion Party affiliate)
• Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (National Libertion Party affiliate)
• Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO
• Costa Rican Solidarity Movement
• Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP
• Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP
• National Association for Economic Development or ANFE
• National Association of Educators or ANDE
• National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation (CCDHRN)
• Ladies in White (Damas de Blanco)
• Patriotic Union of Cuba or UNPACU

other:

political dissidents and bloggers

• Korsou di Nos Tur or KdnT [Amparo dos SANTOS]
• Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [Gerrit SCHOTTE]
• Movementu Progresivo or MP [Marylin MOSES]
• Movishon Antia Nobo or MAN [Hensley KOEIMAN]
• Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Eugene RHUGGENAATH]
• Partido Inovashon Nashonal or PIN [Suzanne CAMELIA-ROMER]
• Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal or PAIS [Alex ROSARIA]
• Partido Nashonal di Pueblo or PNP [Humphrey DAVELAAR]
• Pueblo Soberano or PS (vacant)
• Un Korsou Hustu [Omayra LEEFLANG]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Judith PESTAINA]
• Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]
• Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Lennox LINTON]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Dominica Trade Union [Harold SEALY]

Dominca Public Service Union [Mervin ANTHONY]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]
• Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Miguel VARGAS Maldonado]
• Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS
• Liberal Reformist Party or PRL
• Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM [Andres BAUTISTA Garcia]
• National Progressive Front or FNP [Vinicio CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]
• Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Federico ANTUN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania)
• Collective of Popular Organizations or COP
• Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo Antonio PARKER Soto]
• Democratic Change (Cambio Democratico) or CD [Douglas AVILES] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU)
• Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]
• Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Jose Andres ROVIRA Caneles]
• National Coalition Party or PCN [Manuel RODRIGUEZ]
• Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Mauricio INTERIANO]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES
• Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport, and other activities or FESINCONTRANS
• National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS
• National Trade Union Federation of Salvadoran Workers or FENASTRAS
• National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS
• Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES
• Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS
• Union of Judiciary Workers or SITTOJ
• Union of Workers of the Ministry of the Treasury or SITRAMI
• Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL
• American Chamber of Commerce in El Salvador
• National Association of Private Enterprise or ANEP
• Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce or SACOC
• Salvadoran Chamber of the Construction Industry or CASALCO
• Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Wilfred HAYES]
• National Democratic Congress or NDC [Nazim BURKE]
• New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG
• New Jewel Movement Support Group
• The British Grenada Friendship Society
• The New Jewel 19 Committee

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Citizen Alliance or AC
• Commitment, Renewal, and Order or CREO [Richard LEE Abularach]
• Convergence [Pablo MONSANTO]
• Encounter for Guatemala or EG [Nineth MONTENEGRO Cottom]
• Everyone Together for Guatemala or TODOS [Felipe ALEJOS]
• FUERZA [Maurico REDFORD]
• Grand National Alliance or GANA [Carlos Alberto MARTINEZ Castellanos]
• Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or Winaq-URNG [Angel SANCHEZ Viesca]
• Heart New Nation or CNN [Mario Roberto CHU Catalan]
• My Country or Mi Pais [Alfredo RABBE]
• National Advancement Party or PAN [Juan GUTIERREZ Strauss]
• National Unity for Hope or UNE [Sandra TORRES]
• National Convergence Front or FCN [Edgar Justino OVALLE Maldonado]
• National Welfare or BIEN [Fidel REYES Lee]
• Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA]
• Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]
• Political Movement Winaq or WINAQ [Amilcar de Jesus POP Ac]
• Productivity and Labor Party or PPT [Edgar Alfredo RODRIGUEZ]
• Progressive Liberating Party or PLP [Ana BERNAT]
• Reform Movement or MR [Jose Raul VIGIL Arias]
• Renewed Democratic Liberty or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]
• Unionista Party or PU [Alvaro ARZU Escobar]
• UNITED [Mario Rolando TORRES Marroquin]
• Victoria (Victory) [Manuel de Jesus RIVERA]
• Vision with Values or VIVA [Cromwell CUESTAS Paz]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Alliance Against Impunity or AI (includes Center for Legal Action on Human Rights or CALDH, Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala or FAMDEGUA)
• Civic and Political Convergence of Women
• Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC
• Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF
• Foundation for the Development of Guatemala or FUNDESA
• Guatemala Visible
• Mutual Support Group or GAM
• Movimiento PRO-Justicia
• National Union of Agriculture Workers or UNAGRO

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Alternative League for Haitian Progress and Empowerment or LAPEH [Jude CELESTIN]

Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MCNH [Luc MESADIEU]

Christian National Movement for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Chavannes JEUNE]

Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]

Cooperative Action to Rebuild Haiti or KONBA [Jean William JEANTY]

December 16 Platform or Platfom 16 Desanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]

Democratic Alliance Party or ALYANS [Evans PAUL] (coalition includes KID and PPRH)

Democratic Centers' National Council or CONACED [Osner FEVRY]

Dessalinian Patriotic and Popular Movement or MOPOD [Jean Andre VICTOR]

Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]

Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]

For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]

Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats or FHSD [Edmonde Supplice BEAUZILE]

Grouping of Citizens for Hope or RESPE [Charles-Henri BAKER]

Haitians for Haiti [Yvon NEPTUNE]

Haitian Tet Kale Party or PHTK [Ann Valerie Timothee MILFORT]

Haiti in Action or AAA [Youri LATORTUE]

Independent Movement for National Reconstruction or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]

Konbit Pou refe Ayiti or KONBIT

Lavni Organization or LAVNI [Yves CRISTALIN]

Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Jean Andre VICTOR]

Love Haiti or Renmen Ayiti [Jean-Henry CEANT and Camille LEBLANC]

Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]

New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]

Organization for the Advancement of Haiti and Haitians or OLAHH

Party for the Integral Advancement of the Haitian People or PAIPH

Patriotic Unity or IP [Marie Denise CLAUDE]

Peasant's Response or Repons Peyizan [Michel MARTELLY]

Platform Alternative for Progress and Democracy or ALTENATIV [Victor BENOIT and Evans PAUL]

Platform of Haitian Patriots or PLAPH [Dejean BELISAIRE and Himmler REBU]

Platform Pitit Desaline or PPD [Jean-Charles MOISE]

Pont

Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN]

PPG18

Rally of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Mirlande MANIGAT]

Renmen Ayiti or RA [Jean-Henry CEANT]

Reseau National Bouclier or BOUCLIER

Respect or RESPE

Strength in Unity or Ansanm Nou Fo [Leslie VOLTAIRE]

Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Jacques-Edouard ALEXIS]

Truth (Verite)

Union [Chavannes JEUNE]

Unity or Inite [Levaillant LOUIS-JEUNE] (coalition that includes Front for Hope or L'ESPWA)

Vigilance or Veye Yo [Lavarice GAUDIN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Haitian Self-Employed Workers Union or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR]
• Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH
• Private Sector Economic Forum or PSEF [Reginald BOULOS]
• Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS
• General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers or OGITH [Patrick NUMAS]
• Grand-Anse Resistance Committee or KOREGA
• Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE]
• National Popular Assembly or APN
• Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]
• Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP
• Protestant Federation of Haiti
• Roman Catholic Church

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Marlene ALVARENGA]
• Christian Democratic Party or DC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]
• Democratic Unification Party or UD [Cesar HAM]
• Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]
• Go Solidarity Movement or VAMOS [Augusto CRUZ Asensio]
• Liberal Party or PL [Mauricio VILLEDA Bermudez]
• National Party of Honduras or PNH [Gladis Aurora LOPEZ]
• Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Guillermo VALLE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS
• Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH
• Committee of the Relatives of the Disappeared in Honduras or COFADEH
• Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH
• Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP
• General Workers Confederation or CGT
• Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP
• National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH
• National Union of Campesinos or UNC
• Popular Bloc or BP
• United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH
• United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan OR MUCA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Andrew HOLNESS]

People's National Party or PNP [Dr. Peter David PHILLIPS]

National Democratic Movement or NDM [Peter TOWNSEND]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

New Beginnings Movement or NBM

Rastafarians

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Reuben MEADE]

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Shirley OSBORNE]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Carlos CANALES]
• Conservative Party or PC [Alfredo CESAR]
• Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Jose del Carmen ALVARADO]
• Liberal Constitutionalist Party or PLC [Maria Haydee OSUNA]
• Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Alejandro MEJIA Ferreti]
• Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Jose Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]
• Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Ana Margarita VIJIL]
• Sons of Mother Earth or YATAMA [Brooklin RIVERA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group - includes Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN)

Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN (independent labor union)

Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (umbrella group of non-Sandinista labor unions - includes Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS)

Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business groups)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI Berrocal]
• Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Benicio ROBINSON]
• Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Francisco "Pancho" ALEMAN]
• Panamenista Party [Jose Luis “Popi” VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly the Arnulfista Party)
• Popular Party or PP [Milton C. HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Chamber of Commerce
• Concertacion Nacional (mechanism for Government of Panama to formally communicate with representatives of civil society)
• National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO
• National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP
• National Union of Construction and Similar Workers or SUNTRACS
• Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE
• Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP
• Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• National Democratic Party [Charlie RODRIGUEZ]
• National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Jenniffer GONZALEZ]
• New Progressive Party or PNP [Ricardo ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood)
• Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Alejandro GARCIA Padillo] (pro-commonwealth)
• Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also known as Los Macheteros)

• All for Saint Barth (Tous pour Saint-Barth) [Bettina COINTRE]
• Saint Barth Essential (Saint-Barth Autrement) [Marie-Helene BERNIER]
• Saint Barth First! (Saint-Barth d'Abord!) or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]
• Saint Barth United (Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy) [Xavier LEDEE]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Mark BRANTLEY]

Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]

People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]

People's Labour Party or PLP [Dr. Timothy HARRIS]

Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT]
• Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Philip J. PIERRE]
• United Workers Party or UWP [Allen CHASTANET]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Continuons pour St. Martin [Aline HANSON]

En marche vers le progres or MVP [Alain RICHARDSON]

Gereration Hope or HOPE [Jules CHARVILLE]

Movement for Justice and Prosperity or MJP [Louis MUSSINGTON]

New Direction [Jeanne VANTERPOOL]

Rally Responsibility Success (Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON]

Team Daniel Gibbs 2017 or TDG [Daniel GIBBS]

Union for Progress (Union Pour le Progres or UPP) [Louis-Constant FLEMING]; affiliated with UMP

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Democratic Republican Party or DRP [Anesia BAPTISTE]

New Democratic Party or NDP [Godwin L. FRIDAY]

Unity Labor Party or ULP [Dr. Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)

SVG Green Party or SVGP [Ivan O'NEAL]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

St. Vincent & the Grenadines Teachers' Union [Oswald CHAMBERS]

other:

several labor unions

• Concordia Political Alliance or CPA [Jeffery RICHARDSON]
• Democratic Party or DP [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]
• National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]
• United People's Party or UPP [Theodore HEYLIGER]
• United Sint Maarten Party or US Party [Frans RICHARDSON]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Congress of the People or COP
• People's National Movement or PNM [Keith ROWLEY]
• People's Partnrship [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR] (coalition includes UNC, COP, TOP, National Joint Action Committee)
• National Joint Action Committee or NJAC [Kwasi MUTEMA]
• Tobago Organization of the People or TOP [Ashworth JACK]
• United National Congress or UNC [Kamla PERSAD-BISSESSAR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Jamaat al-Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Sharlene CARTWRIGHT-ROBINSON]

Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party [Donna M. CHRISTENSEN]
• Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Dale BLYDEN]
• Republican Party [John CANEGATA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Democratic Party or PD [Lulzim BASHA]
• Party for Justice, Integration and Unity or PDIU [Shpetim IDRIZI] (formerly part of APMI)
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]
• Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Monika KRYEMADHI]
• Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kol NIKOLLAJ]
• Omonia [Leonidha PAPA]
• Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA]

• Citizens' Initiative or IC [Sergi RICART] (including PS, VA, IC, and independents)
• Democrats for Andorra or DA [Antoni MARTI PETIT]
• Greens of Andorra or VA [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ, Juli FERNANDEZ BLASI]
• Liberal Party or PLA [Jordi GALLARDO]
• Social Democratic Party or PS [Vincenc ALAY FERRER]
• Social Democratic Progress Party or SDP [Victor NAUDI ZAMORA]

note: Andorra has several smaller parties at the parish level (one is Lauredian Union)

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Sebastian KURZ]
• Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER]
• Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz-Christian STRACHE]
• The Greens [Werner KOGLER]
• NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ]
• Pilz List or PILZ [Peter KOLBA]
• Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic)
• Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated)
• Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated)
• Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank)
• OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV
• Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action

other:

3 composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP [Mikhail SHIMANSKIY]
• Belarusian Patriotic Party [Nikolai ULAKHOVICH]
• Belarusian Socialist Sporting Party [Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH]
• Communist Party of Belarus or KPB [Georgi ATAMANOV]
• Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]
• Republican Party [Vladimir BELOZOR]
• Republican Party of Labor and Justice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANIY]
• Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [Pavel SEVERINETS] (unregistered)
• Belarusian Party of the Green [Anastasiya DOROFEYEVA]
• Belarusian Party of the Left "Just World" [Sergey KALYAKIN]
• Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [Aleksey YANUKEVICH]
• Belarusian Social-Democratic Assembly [Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH]
• Belarusian Social Democratic Party ("Assembly") or BSDPH [Irina VESHTARD]
• Belarusian Social Democratic Party (People's Assembly) [Nikolay STATKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Christian Conservative Party or BPF [Zyanon PAZNYAK]
• United Civic Party or UCP [Anatoliy LEBEDKO]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Assembly of Pro-Democratic NGOs [Sergey MATSKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Belarusian Association of Journalists [Andrei BASTUNETS]
• Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions or BRDP [Aleksandr YAROSHUK]
• Belarusian Helsinki Committee or BHC [Aleh HULAK]
• For Freedom Movement [Yuri GUBAREVICH]
• Malady Front (Young Front) [Zmitser DASHKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Vyasna (Spring) human rights center [Ales BELYATSKIY] (unregistered)
• Perspektiva [Anatoliy SHUMCHENKO] (small business association)
• "Tell the Truth" Movement [Tatsiana KARATKEVICH] (unregistered)
• Women's Independent Democratic Movement [Ludmila PETINA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE]
• Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN]
• Groen! [Meyrem ALMACI] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens)
• New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER]
• Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [John CROMBEZ]
• Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Tom VAN GRIEKEN]
• Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Patrick DUPRIEZ and Zakia KHATTABI]
• Francophone Federalist Democrats or Defi [Olivier MAINGAIN]
• Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN]
• People's Party or PP [Mischael MODRIKAMEN]
• Reform Movement or MR [Olivier CHASTEL]
• Socialist Party or PS [Elio DI RUPO]
• Workers' Party or PTB [Peter MERTENS]
• other minor parties

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Belgian General Federation of Labor or ABVV or FGTB [Rudy DE LEEUW, Marc GOBLET]
• Confederation of Christan Trade Unions or ACV or CSC [Marc LEEMANS, Marie-Helene SKA]
• Federation of Enterprises in Belgium or VBO or FEB [Pieter TIMMERMANS, Bernard GILLIOT]

other:

• numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions;
• trade unions;
• various organizations representing the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia;
• various peace groups such as BEPax and groups representing immigrants

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance for a Better Future of BiH or SBB BiH [Fahrudin RADONCIC]
• Alliance of Independent Social Democrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]
• Alternative Party for Democratic Activity or A-SDA [Nermin OGRESEVIC]
• Bosnian-Herzegovinian Patriotic Party-Sefer Halilovic or BPS-Sefer Halilovic [Sefer HALILOVIC]
• Croat Peasants' Party or HSS [Mario KARAMATIC]
• Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]
• Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]
• Croatian Democratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Ilija CVITANOVIC]
• Croatian Party of Rights or HSP BiH [Stanko PRIMORAC]
• Croatian Party of Rights of Herceg-Bosne or HSP HB [Vesna PINJUH]
• Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]
• Democratic Front of DF [Zeljko KOMSIC]
• Democratic Peoples' Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]
• Party for Democratic Action or SDA [Bakir IZETBEGOVIC]
• Party of Democratic Progress or PDP [Branislav BORENOVIC]
• People's Democratic Movement or NDP [Dragan CAVIC]
• Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Vukota GOVEDARICA]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Nermin NIKSIC]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• war veterans;
• displaced persons associations;
• family associations of missing persons;
• private media

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Konstantin PRODANOV]

Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV]

Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union [Nikolay NENCHEV]

Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA]

Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA]

Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISSOV]

Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Radan KANEV]

Democrats for Responsibility, Solidarity, and Tolerance or DOST [Lyutvi MESTAN]

IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]

Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYA]

National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV]

New Republic (alliance of DSB and other center-right parties) [Radan KANEV]

Reformist Bloc or RB (a four-party alliance including DBG and SDS)

United Patriots (alliance of IMRO-BNM, NFSB, and Attack)

Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI]

Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]

Volya [Veselin MARESHKI]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB [Plamen DIMITROV]

Podkrepa Labor Confederation [Dimitar MANOLOV]

other:

numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Bloc of Pensioners Together or BUZ [Milivoj SPIKA]

Bridge of Independent Lists or Most-NL [Bozo PETROV]

Civic Liberal Alliance or GLAS [Ankar Mrak TARITAS]

Croatian Christian Democratic Party or HDS [Goran DODIG]

Croatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja or HDSSB [Branimir GLAVAS]

Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Andrej PLENKOVIC]

Croatian Laborists - Labor Party or HL [David BREGOVAC]

Croatian Party of Rights - dr. Ante Starcevic or HSP AS [Hrvoje NICE]

Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Kreso BELJAK]

Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]

Croatian People's Party - Liberal Democrats or HNS [Ivan VRDOLJAK]

Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Darinko KOSOR]

Forward Croatia Progressive Alliance [Ivo JOSIPOVIC]

Human Blockade ("Living Wall") [Ivan SINCIC]

Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Milorad PUPOVAC]

Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Boris MILETIC]

Let's Change Croatia or PH [Ivan LOVRINOVIC]

Milan Bandic 365 - Party of Labor and Solidarity or BM365-SRS [Milan BANDIC]

Movement for Successful Croatia or HRAST [Ladislav ILCIC]

People's Party - Reformists Party [Radimir CACIC]

Smart Party or PAMETNO [Marijana PULJAK]

Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Davor BERNARDIC]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

human rights groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK]
• Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA]
• Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]
• Czech Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS]
• Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Lubomir ZAORALEK]
• Dawn - National Coalition or Usvit-NK [Miroslav LIDINSKY]
• Free Citizens Party or Svobodni [Petr MACH]
• Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA]
• Green Party or SZ [Matej STROPNICKY]
• Mayors and Independents or STAN [Petr GAZDIK]
• Movement for Prague
• Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS]
• Nestranici (Non-Partisans) or NK [Vera RYBOVA]
• North Bohemians or S.cz [Bronislav SCHWARZ]
• Party of Civic Rights or SPO [Jan VELEBA]
• Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Miroslav KALOUSEK]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Josef STREDULA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• The Alternative A or AP [Uffe ELBAEK]
• Conservative People's Party or DKF or C [Soren PAPE POULSEN]
• Danish People's Party or DF or O [Kristian THULESEN DAHL]
• Liberal Alliance or LA [Anders SAMUELSEN]
• Liberal Party (Venstre) or V [Lars LOKKE RA/SMUSSEN]
• Red-Green Alliance (Unity List) or EL [collective leadership, spokesperson Pernille SKIPPER]
• Social Democrats or A [Mette FREDERIKSEN]
• Social Liberal Party or B [Morten OSTERGAARD]
• Socialist People's Party or SF [Pia OLSEN DYHR]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [Jacob HOLBRAAD]
• Confederation of Danish Industries or DI [Karsten DYBVAD]
• Confederation of Danish Labor Unions or LO [Lizette RISGAARD]
• DaneAge Association [Bjarne HASTRUP]
• Danish Shipowners' Association [Anne STEFFENSEN]
• Danish Bankers Association [Ulrik NODGAARD]
• Danish Society for Nature Conservation or DN [Ella Maria BISSCHOP-LARSEN]

other:

• environmental groups;
• humanitarian relief;
• development assistance;
• human rights NGOs

• Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) or K [Juri RATAS]
• Estonian Conservative People's Party (Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) or EKRE [Mart HELME]
• Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) or RE [Hanno PEVKUR]
• Free Party or EV [Andres HERKEL]
• Social Democratic Party or SDE [Jevgeni OSSINOVSKI]
• Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) or IRL [Margus TSAHKNA]

• Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]
• European United Left-Nordic Green Left or GUE/NGL [Gabriele ZIMMER]
• Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy or EFDD [Nigel FARAGE and David BORRELLI]
• Europe of Nations and Freedom or ENF or ENL [Marine LE PEN and Marcel DE GRAAFF]
• European Conservatives and Reformists or ECR [Syed KAMALL, Ryszard LEGUTKO]
• European Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Ska KELLER and Philippe LAMBERTS]
• European People's Party or EPP [Joseph DAUL]
• Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats or S&D [Gianni PITELLA]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Center Party (Midflokkurin) [Jenis av RANA]
• New Self-Government Party (Nytt Sjalvstyri) [Jogvan SKORHEIM] (formerly Self-Govenment Party) (Sjalvstyrisflokkurin)
• People's Party (Folkaflokkurin) [Jorgen NICLASEN]
• Progressive Party (Framsokn) [Poul MICHELSEN]
• Republic (Tjodveldi) [Hogni HOYDAL] (formerly the Republican Party)
• Social Democratic Party (Javnadarflokkurin) or JF [Aksel V. JOHANNESEN]
• Union Party (Sambandsflokkurin) [Bardur a STEIG NIELSEN]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

conservationists

• Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)
• Center Party or Kesk [Juha SIPILA]
• Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]
• Finns Party or PS [Jussi HALLA-AHO]
• Green League or Vihr [Ville NIINISTO]
• Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]]
• National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Antti RINNE]
• Swedish People's Party or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON]

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

Democratic Movement or MoDEM [Francois BAYROU]

Europe Ecology - The Greens or EELV [David CORMAND]

Forward! (En Marche!) or EM [Catherine BARBAROUX, acting]

French Communist Party or PCF [Pierre LAURENT]

La France insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]

Left Front Coalition or FDG [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]

Left Party or PG [collective leadership; main leaders Jean-Luc MELENCHON and Francois COCO, linked with the movement La France Insoumise or FI [Jean-Luc MELENCHON]]

Left Radical Party or PRG [Sylvia PINEL] (formerly Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG)

Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]

National Front or FN [Marine LE PEN]

New Anticapitalist Party or NPA [collective leadership; main spokesperson Christine POUPIN; presidential candIdate Philippe POUTOU]

Rally for France or RPF [Igor KUREK]

Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean-Luc LAURENT]

Socialist Party or PS [vacant]

Stand Up France (Debout La France) [Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN]

The Centrists [Herve MORIN] (formerly new Center of NC)

The Republicans or LR (formerly Union for a Popular Movement or UMP) [vacant]

• Union des Democrates et Independants or UDI [Jean-Christohe LAGARDE] and Democratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previously Union for French Democracy or UDF);
• together known as UDI-Modem;
• Radical Party [Laurent HENART] is a member of UDI

United Republic or RS [Dominique DE VILLEPIN]

• Worker's Struggle (Lutte Ouvriere) or LO;
• also known as Communist Union;
• [collective leadership; spokespersons Nathalie ARTHAUD and Arlette LAGUILLER]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

French Confederation of Management - General Confederation of Executives) or CFE-CGC (Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres) [Francois HOMMERIL] (independent white-collar union with 140,000 members)

French Democratic Confederation of Labor or CFDT (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail) [Laurent BERGER] (left-leaning labor union with approximately 875,000 members)

French Confederation of Christian Workers or CFTC (Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens) [Philippe LOUIS] (independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 142,000 members)

General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Confederation generale du travail) [Philippe MARTINEZ] (historically communist labor union with approximately 710,000 members)

General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO (Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere) [Jean-Claude MAILLY] (independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members)

Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF [Pierre GATTAZ] (employers' union with claimed 750,000 companies as members)

• conservationists;
• gold mining pressure groups;
• hunting pressure groups

Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG

General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G

General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG

Movement for an Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI

The Socialist Renewal Movement

Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC

Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM

Frantz Fanon Circle

League of Workers and Peasants

Proletarian Action Group or GAP

NA

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Alliance '90/Greens [Cem OEZDEMIR and Simone PETER]
• Alternative for Germany or AfD [Joerg MEUTHEN]
• Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]
• Christian Social Union or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]
• Free Democratic Party or FDP [Christian LINDNER]
• Pirate Party Germany or Pirates [Stefan KORNER]
• The Left or Die Linke [Katja KIPPING and Bernd RIEXINGER]
• Social Democratic Party or SPD [Martin SCHULZ]
• United Civil Movements of Brandenburg/Free Voters [Peter VIDA]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

business associations and employers' organizations

trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]
• Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Roy CLINTON, interim leader]
• Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Fabian PICARDO]
• GSLP-Liberal Alliance (includes GSLP and LPG)
• Liberal Party of Gibraltar or LPG
• Progressive Democratic Party [Nick CRUZ]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Chamber of Commerce
• Gibraltar Representatives Organization
• Women's Association

Published as “Political parties and leaders”

• Anticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA [collective leadership]
• Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA [Alexios (Alexis) TSIPRAS]
• Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Dimitrios KOUTSOUMBAS]
• Democratic Left or DIMAR [Athanasios (Thanasis) THEOCHAROPOULOS]
• Independent Greeks or ANEL [Panagiotis (Panos) KAMMENOS]
• Movement of Democratic Socialists or KIDISO [Georgios PAPANDREOU]
• New Democracy or ND [Kyriakos MITSOTAKIS]
• Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Foteini (Fofi) GENIMMATA]
• People's Association-Golden Dawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]
• Popular Unity or LAE [Panagiotis LAFAZANIS]
• To Potami (The River) [Stavros THEODORAKIS]
• Union of Centrists or EK [Vasilis LEVENTIS]

Published as “Political pressure groups and leaders”

• Supreme Administration of Civil Servants Unions or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS]
• Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Theodore FESSAS]
• General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]