Terrain In 36 editions of 36.

the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean

• mostly high plateau and desert;
• some mountains;
• narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

volcanic rock

mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest

mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast

• hilly and mountainous,
• dropping to a plateau in east,
• some plains

• steep,
• rugged,
• rocky,
• volcanic

• diverse,
• with coastal plain in southwest,
• dissected plateau in center,
• mountains in west,
• plains in north

• vast,
• flat to rolling,
• monotonous plateau;
• scattered hills in northeast and southwest

• broad,
• arid plains in center,
• desert in north,
• mountains in northwest,
• lowlands in south

volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills

vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east

• coastal plain,
• southern basin,
• central plateau,
• northern basin

mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest

coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic

dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains

mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley

low and flat

• narrow coastal plain;
• hilly interior;
• savanna in east and south

flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

low and flat

generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east

low and flat

low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west

mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains

mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast

• mostly barren,
• flat to undulating plains,
• plateaus,
• depressions

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center

• narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains,
• rounded hills,
• some mountains

mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills

small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau

generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks

northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains

• mostly coastal lowlands,
• uplands in center,
• high plateaus in northwest,
• mountains in west

• mostly high plateau;
• Namib Desert along coast;
• Kalahari Desert in east

• predominately desert plains and sand dunes;
• flat to rolling plains in south;
• hills in north

southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast

mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east

Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin

volcanic, mountainous

• generally low,
• rolling,
• plains rising to foothills in southeast

• Mahe Group is granitic,
• narrow coastal strip,
• rocky,
• hilly;
• others are coral,
• flat,
• elevated reefs

• coastal belt of mangrove swamps,
• wooded hill country,
• upland plateau,
• mountains in east

mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain

• generally flat, featureless plain;
• mountains in far south, northeast and west;
• desert dominates the north

• plains along coast;
• central plateau;
• highlands in north, south

• gently rolling savanna in north;
• central hills;
• southern plateau;
• low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic

• mountains in north;
• hot, dry central plain;
• semiarid south merges into the Sahara

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast

mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

• about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters;
• mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 meters;
• ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound;
• glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent

volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible

volcanic

Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky

• most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous;
• South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains;
• the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes

• flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,
• mountainous,
• barren,
• rocky coast

mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords

volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers

• wild, rugged mountains;
• much of high land ice covered;
• west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year;
• fjords along west and north coasts

mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

• Armenian Highland with mountains;
• little forest land;
• fast flowing rivers;
• good soil in Aras River valley

• large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west;
• Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna

flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)

mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east

• largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south;
• Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west;
• Mtkvari River Basin in the east;
• good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

• upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south,
• flat to rolling plain along the Ganges,
• deserts in west,
• Himalayas in north

mostly rugged and mountainous

extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia

• mostly hills and mountains separated by deep,
• narrow valleys;
• coastal plains wide in west,
• discontinuous in east

mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south

peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation

flat, with white sandy beaches

• vast semidesert and desert plains,
• grassy steppe,
• mountains in west and southwest;
• Gobi Desert in south-central

• Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south,
• central hill region,
• rugged Himalayas in north

• flat Indus plain in east;
• mountains in north and northwest;
• Balochistan plateau in west

• broad plain with low hills west of Urals;
• vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia;
• uplands and mountains along southern border regions

mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

• flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south;
• low mountains along border with Iran;
• borders Caspian Sea in west

• mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes;
• broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon;
• Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan;
• shrinking Aral Sea in west

flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas

flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region

flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south

coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly

low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes

mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast

rugged mountains of volcanic origin

rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed

mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau

volcanic in origin with central mountains

• Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains;
• Grande-Terre is low limestone formation;
• most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin

mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)

mostly rough and mountainous

mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains

• mostly mountains,
• with narrow,
• discontinuous coastal plain

mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano

• volcanic island,
• mostly mountainous,
• with small coastal lowland

raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)

generally hilly, volcanic interiors

extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes

• interior mostly steep,
• rugged mountains and dissected,
• upland plains;
• coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills

• mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north;
• mountains precipitous to sea on west coast;
• sandy beaches along most coastal areas

volcanic with mountainous interiors

volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys

volcanic, mountainous

mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps

mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land

mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

generally flat and contains much marshland

• flat coastal plains in northwest,
• central rolling hills,
• rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

mountains and valleys

mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

low and flat to gently rolling plains

• marshy,
• lowlands;
• flat in the north,
• hilly in the south

fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas

• rugged,
• rocky,
• some low peaks;
• cliffs along most of coast

mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills

mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east

• lowlands in north,
• uplands in center,
• Bavarian Alps in south

a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar

mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands

mostly level with low hills in southwest

low hill

mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast

hills in north and south bisected by central valley

mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands

gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast

low plain

mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third

• lowland,
• many scattered small lakes,
• fertile soil

• mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys;
• uplands to slightly mountainous in the north;
• steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast

• mostly low,
• rocky,
• flat to dissected plains;
• many coastal cliffs

rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea

• hilly,
• rugged,
• rocky

mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast

• mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys;
• three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line;
• country bisected by the Vardar River

• glaciated;
• mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys;
• small, scattered plains;
• coastline deeply indented by fjords;
• arctic tundra in north

mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

rugged mountains

• extremely varied;
• to the north, rich fertile plains;
• to the east, limestone ranges and basins;
• to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills;
• to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast

rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south

• a short coastal strip on the Adriatic,
• an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria,
• mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north

mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast

mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment

central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast