Terrain In 36 editions of 36.

the greatest ocean depth is the Marianas Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean

lowest point:

Dead Sea -408 m

highest point:

Mount Everest 8,848 m

• mostly high plateau and desert;
• some mountains;
• narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

lowest point:

Chott Melrhir -40 m

highest point:

Tahat 3,003 m

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Moro de Moco 2,620 m

a volcanic rock 2.4 meters high

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 3 m

mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Tanekas 641 m

predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest

lowest point:

junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m

highest point:

Tsodilo Hill 1,489 m

mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast

lowest point:

Black Volta River 200 m

highest point:

Tena Kourou 749 m

• hilly and mountainous,
• dropping to a plateau in east,
• some plains

lowest point:

Lake Tanganyika 772 m

highest point:

Mount Heha 2,760 m

• steep,
• rugged,
• rocky,
• volcanic

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Pico 2,829 m

• diverse,
• with coastal plain in southwest,
• dissected plateau in center,
• mountains in west,
• plains in north

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Fako 4,095 m

• vast,
• flat to rolling,
• monotonous plateau;
• scattered hills in northeast and southwest

lowest point:

Oubangui River 335 m

highest point:

Mount Gaou 1,420 m

• broad,
• arid plains in center,
• desert in north,
• mountains in northwest,
• lowlands in south

lowest point:

Djourab Depression 175 m

highest point:

Emi Koussi 3,415 m

volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Kartala 2,360 m

vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Margherita Peak (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

• coastal plain,
• southern basin,
• central plateau,
• northern basin

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Berongou 903 m

mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mont Nimba 1,752 m

coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

lowest point:

Asal -155 m

highest point:

Mousa Alli 2,028 m

vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta

lowest point:

Qattara Depression -133 m

highest point:

Mount Catherine 2,629 m

coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Malabo 3,008 m

dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains

lowest point:

Kobar Sink -75 m

highest point:

Soira 3,013 m

mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

lowest point:

Great Usutu River 21 m

highest point:

Emlembe 1,862 m

high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley

lowest point:

Denakil -125 m

highest point:

Ras Dashen Terara 4,620 m

NA

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 24 m

• narrow coastal plain;
• hilly interior;
• savanna in east and south

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mont Iboundji 1,575 m

flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 53 m

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Afadjato 880 m

NA

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 12 m

generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mont Nimba 1,752 m

mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m

NA

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 10 m

low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Kenya 5,199 m

mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains

lowest point:

junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m

highest point:

Mount Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m

mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Wuteve 1,380 m

• mostly barren,
• flat to undulating plains,
• plateaus,
• depressions

lowest point:

Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:

Bikku Bitti 2,267 m

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Maromokotro 2,876 m

• narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains,
• rounded hills,
• some mountains

lowest point:

junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m

highest point:

Mount Mlanje Sapitwa 3,002 m

mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast

lowest point:

Senegal River 23 m

highest point:

Hombori Tondo 1,155 m

mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills

lowest point:

Sebkha de Ndrhamcha -3 m

highest point:

Kediet Ijill 910 m

small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Piton de la Petite Riviere Noire 828 m

generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Benara 660 m

northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains

lowest point:

Sebkha Tah -55 m

highest point:

Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m

• mostly coastal lowlands,
• uplands in center,
• high plateaus in northwest,
• mountains in west

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Monte Binga 2,436 m

• mostly high plateau;
• Namib Desert along coast;
• Kalahari Desert in east

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Konigstein 2,606 m

• predominately desert plains and sand dunes;
• flat to rolling plains in south;
• hills in north

lowest point:

Niger River 200 m

highest point:

Mont Greboun 1,944 m

southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Piton des Neiges 3,069 m

mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east

lowest point:

Rusizi River 950 m

highest point:

Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m

rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Queen Mary's Peak 2,060 m

volcanic, mountainous

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m

• generally low,
• rolling,
• plains rising to foothills in southeast

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location in the Futa Jaldon foothills 581 m

• Mahe Group is granitic,
• narrow coastal strip,
• rocky,
• hilly;
• others are coral,
• flat,
• elevated reefs

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Morne Seychellois 905 m

• coastal belt of mangrove swamps,
• wooded hill country,
• upland plateau,
• mountains in east

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m

mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Shimbiris 2,450 m

vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Njesuthi 3,408 m

generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west

lowest point:

Red Sea 0 m

highest point:

Kinyeti 3,187 m

• plains along coast;
• central plateau;
• highlands in north, south

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

• gently rolling savanna in north;
• central hills;
• southern plateau;
• low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Pic Baumann 986 m

sandy

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 7 m

• mountains in north;
• hot, dry central plain;
• semiarid south merges into the Sahara

lowest point:

Shatt al Gharsah -17 m

highest point:

Jabal ash Shanabi 1,544 m

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

lowest point:

Lake Albert 621 m

highest point:

Margherita (Mount Stanley) 5,110 m

mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast

lowest point:

Sebjet Tah -55 m

highest point:

unnamed location 463 m

mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

lowest point:

Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:

in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

lowest point:

junction of the Lundi and Savi rivers 162 m

highest point:

Inyangani 2,592 m

• about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters;
• mountain ranges up to about 5,000 meters;
• ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound;
• glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Vinson Massif 5,140 m

• volcanic;
• maximum elevation about 800 meters;
• coast is mostly inaccessible

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location 780 m

volcanic

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mont Ross on Kerguelen 1,850 m

Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Big Ben 2,745 m

• most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous;
• South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains;
• the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Paget 2,915 m

• flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow,
• mountainous,
• barren,
• rocky coast

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Gunnbjorn 3,700 m

mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m

volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers

lowest point:

Norwegian Sea 0 m

highest point:

Haakon VII Toppen (Beerenberg) 2,277 m

• wild, rugged mountains;
• much of high land ice covered;
• west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year;
• fjords along west and north coasts

lowest point:

Arctic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Newtontoppen 1,717 m

mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

lowest point:

Amu Darya 258 m

highest point:

Nowshak 7,485 m

• high Armenian Plateau with mountains;
• little forest land;
• fast flowing rivers;
• good soil in Aras River valley lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerr 4,095 m

• large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west;
• Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea

lowest point:

Caspian Sea -28 m

highest point:

Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m

mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Reng Tlang 957 m

mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna

lowest point:

Dangme Chu 97 m

highest point:

Khula Kangri I 7,553 m

flat and low (up to four meters in elevation)

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m

mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east

lowest point:

Turpan Pendi -154 m

highest point:

Mount Everest 8,848 m

• largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south;
• Kolkhida Lowland opens to the Black Sea in the west;
• Mtkvari River Basin in the east;
• good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

lowest point:

Black Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mt'a Mqinvartsveri (Gora Kazbek) 5,048 m

• upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south,
• flat to rolling plain along the Ganges,
• deserts in west,
• Himalayas in north

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Kanchenjunga 8,598 m

mostly rugged and mountainous

lowest point:

Hachiro-gata -4 m

highest point:

Fujiyama 3,776 m

extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia

lowest point:

Vpadina Kaundy -132 m

highest point:

Zhengis Shingy 7,439 m

• mostly hills and mountains separated by deep,
• narrow valleys;
• coastal plains wide in west,
• discontinuous in east

lowest point:

Sea of Japan 0 m

highest point:

Paektu-san 2,744 m

mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south

lowest point:

Sea of Japan 0 m

highest point:

Halla-san 1,950 m

peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation

lowest point:

Kara-Daryya 132 m

highest point:

Jengish Chokusu 7,439 m

flat

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location on Wilingili 24 m

• vast semidesert and desert plains;
• mountains in west and southwest;
• Gobi Desert in southeast

lowest point:

Hoh Nuur 518 m

highest point:

Nayramadlin Orgil 4,374 m

• Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south,
• central hill region,
• rugged Himalayas in north

lowest point:

Kanchan Kalan 70 m

highest point:

Mount Everest 8,848 m

• flat Indus plain in east;
• mountains in north and northwest;
• Balochistan plateau in west

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m

• broad plain with low hills west of Urals;
• vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia;
• uplands and mountains along southern border regions

lowest point:

Caspian Sea -28 m

highest point:

Mount El'brus 5,633 m

mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior

lowest point:

Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Pidurutalagala 2,524 m

Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

lowest point:

Syrdariya 300 m

highest point:

Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m

• flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south;
• low mountains along border with Iran;
• borders Caspian Sea in west

lowest point:

Sarygamysh Koli -110 m

highest point:

Ayrybaba 3,139 m

• mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes;
• broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo;
• Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan;
• shrinking Aral Sea in west

lowest point:

Saryqamish Kuli -12 m

highest point:

Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Crocus Hill 65 m

mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands with some higher volcanic areas

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Boggy Peak 402 m

flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Jamanota 188 m

long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Alvernia 63 m

relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mount Hillaby 336 m

flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Victoria Peak 1,160 m

coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Sage 521 m

low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

The Bluff 43 m

coastal plains separated by rugged mountains

lowest point:

Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m

mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Pico Turquino 2,005 m

rugged mountains of volcanic origin

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Morne Diablatins 1,447 m

rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed

lowest point:

Lago Enriquillo -46 m

highest point:

Pico Duarte 3,175 m

mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau

lowest point:

Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Cerro El Pital 2,730 m

volcanic in origin with central mountains

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Saint Catherine 840 m

• Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains;
• Grand-Terre is low limestone formation;
• most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Soufriere 1,467 m

mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)

lowest point:

Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m

mostly rough and mountainous

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m

mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m

mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m

mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Montagne Pelee 1,397 m

• volcanic islands,
• mostly mountainous,
• with small coastal lowland

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Chances Peak 914 m

raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 meters high)

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location on southwest side 77 m

generally hilly, volcanic interiors

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Scenery 862 m

extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes

lowest point:

Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Mogoton 2,438 m

• interior mostly steep,
• rugged mountains and dissected,
• upland plains;
• coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills

lowest point:

Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m

• mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north;
• mountains precipitous to sea on west coast;
• sandy beaches along most coastal areas

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Cerro de Punta 1,338 m

volcanic with mountainous interiors

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m

volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Mount Gimie 950 m

volcanic, mountainous

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Soufriere 1,234 m

mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

El Cerro del Aripo 940 m

low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Blue Hills 49 m

mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land

lowest point:

Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Crown Mountain 474 m

mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

lowest point:

Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:

Maja e Korabit 2,753 m

rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

lowest point:

Riu Valira 840 m

highest point:

Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m

in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

lowest point:

Neusiedler See 115 m

highest point:

Grossglockner 3,797 m

generally flat and contains much marshland

lowest point:

Nyoman River 90 m

highest point:

Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m

• flat coastal plains in northwest,
• central rolling hills,
• rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

lowest point:

North Sea 0 m

highest point:

Signal de Botrange 694 m

mountains and valleys

lowest point:

Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:

Maglic 2,386 m

mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

lowest point:

Black Sea 0 m

highest point:

Musala 2,925 m

geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands

lowest point:

Adriatic Sea 0 m

highest point:

Dinara 1,830 m

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

lowest point:

Elbe River 115 m

highest point:

Snezka 1,602 m

low and flat to gently rolling plains

lowest point:

Lammefjord -7 m

highest point:

Ejer Bavnehoj 173 m

marshy, lowlands

lowest point:

Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point:

Suur Munamagi 318 m

• rugged,
• rocky,
• some low peaks;
• cliffs along most of coast

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

Slaettaratindur 882 m

mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills

lowest point:

Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point:

Haltiatunturi 1,328 m

mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east

lowest point:

Rhone River delta -2 m

highest point:

Mont Blanc 4,807 m

• lowlands in north,
• uplands in center,
• Bavarian Alps in south

lowest point:

Freepsum Lake -2 m

highest point:

Zugspitze 2,962 m

a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar

lowest point:

Mediterranean Sea 0 m

highest point:

Rock of Gibraltar 426 m

mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Olympus 2,917 m

mostly level with low hills in southwest

lowest point:

Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:

unnamed location on Sark 114 m

low hill

lowest point:

unnamed location 19 m

highest point:

unnamed location 75 m

mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border

lowest point:

Tisza River 78 m

highest point:

Kekes 1,014 m