Ethnic groups In 36 editions of 36.

Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not Arab; the minority who identify themselves as Berber live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools

• Ovimbundu 37%,
• Kimbundu 25%,
• Bakongo 13%,
• mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%,
• European 1%,
• other 22%

African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500

• Tswana (or Setswana) 79%,
• Kalanga 11%,
• Basarwa 3%,
• other,
• including Kgalagadi and white 7%

• Mossi over 40%,
• Gurunsi,
• Senufo,
• Lobi,
• Bobo,
• Mande,
• Fulani

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

• Creole (mulatto) 71%,
• African 28%,
• European 1%

• Cameroon Highlanders 31%,
• Equatorial Bantu 19%,
• Kirdi 11%,
• Fulani 10%,
• Northwestern Bantu 8%,
• Eastern Nigritic 7%,
• other African 13%,
• non-African less than 1%

• Baya 33%,
• Banda 27%,
• Mandjia 13%,
• Sara 10%,
• Mboum 7%,
• M'Baka 4%,
• Yakoma 4%,
• other 2%

• 200 distinct groups;
• in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim;
• in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist;
• about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad

• Antalote,
• Cafre,
• Makoa,
• Oimatsaha,
• Sakalava

• over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu;
• the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population

• Kongo 48%,
• Sangha 20%,
• M'Bochi 12%,
• Teke 17%,
• Europeans and other 3%

note: Europeans estimated at 8,500, mostly French, before the 1997 civil war; may be half that in 1998, following the widespread destruction of foreign businesses in 1997

• Akan 42.1%,
• Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%,
• Northern Mandes 16.5%,
• Krous 11%,
• Southern Mandes 10%,
• other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)

Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%

• Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%,
• Greek,
• Nubian,
• Armenian,
• other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%

Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish

• ethnic Tigrinya 50%,
• Tigre and Kunama 40%,
• Afar 4%,
• Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%,
• other 3%

African 97%, European 3%

• Oromo 40%,
• Amhara and Tigre 32%,
• Sidamo 9%,
• Shankella 6%,
• Somali 6%,
• Afar 4%,
• Gurage 2%,
• other 1%

Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba), other Africans and Europeans 154,000, including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality

African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%

black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)

• Peuhl 40%,
• Malinke 30%,
• Soussou 20%,
• smaller ethnic groups 10%

African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%

• Kikuyu 22%,
• Luhya 14%,
• Luo 13%,
• Kalenjin 12%,
• Kamba 11%,
• Kisii 6%,
• Meru 6%,
• other African 15%,
• non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%

Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,

• indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella, Mandingo, and Mende),
• Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the US who had been slaves),
• Congo People 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)

• Berber and Arab 97%,
• Greeks,
• Maltese,
• Italians,
• Egyptians,
• Pakistanis,
• Turks,
• Indians,
• Tunisians

• Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo),
• Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava),
• French,
• Indian,
• Creole,
• Comoran

• Chewa,
• Nyanja,
• Tumbuka,
• Yao,
• Lomwe,
• Sena,
• Tonga,
• Ngoni,
• Ngonde,
• Asian,
• European

• Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke),
• Peul 17%,
• Voltaic 12%,
• Songhai 6%,
• Tuareg and Moor 10%,
• other 5%

• mixed Maur/black 40%,
• Moor 30%,
• black 30%

• Indo-Mauritian 68%,
• Creole 27%,
• Sino-Mauritian 3%,
• Franco-Mauritian 2%

NA

• Arab-Berber 99.1%,
• other 0.7%,
• Jewish 0.2%

• indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others),
• Europeans 0.06%,
• Euro-Africans 0.2%,
• Indians 0.08%

• black 87.5%,
• white 6%,
• mixed 6.5%

note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%

Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates

• Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups;
• the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

• French,
• African,
• Malagasy,
• Chinese,
• Pakistani,
• Indian

• Hutu 84%,
• Tutsi 15%,
• Twa (Pygmoid) 1%

• African descent 50%,
• white 25%,
• Chinese 25%

• mestico,
• angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves),
• forros (descendants of freed slaves),
• servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde),
• tongas (children of servicais born on the islands),
• Europeans (primarily Portuguese)

• Wolof 43.3%,
• Pular 23.8%,
• Serer 14.7%,
• Jola 3.7%,
• Mandinka 3%,
• Soninke 1.1%,
• European and Lebanese 1%,
• other 9.4%

mixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab

20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians

Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs 30,000)

• black African 79%,
• white 9.6%,
• colored 8.9%,
• Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)

• black 52%,
• Arab 39%,
• Beja 6%,
• foreigners 2%,
• other 1%

• mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab);
• Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African

native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%

• Arab 98%,
• European 1%,
• Jewish and other 1%

• Baganda 17%,
• Ankole 8%,
• Basoga 8%,
• Iteso 8%,
• Bakiga 7%,
• Langi 6%,
• Rwanda 6%,
• Bagisu 5%,
• Acholi 4%,
• Lugbara 4%,
• Batoro 3%,
• Bunyoro 3%,
• Alur 2%,
• Bagwere 2%,
• Bakonjo 2%,
• Jopodhola 2%,
• Karamojong 2%,
• Rundi 2%,
• non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%,
• other 8%

Arab, Berber

• African 98.7%,
• European 1.1%,
• other 0.2%

• African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%),
• mixed and Asian 1%,
• white less than 1%

Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others 12% (January 2000)

homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%, population of foreign origin 6%

• Norwegian 55.4%,
• Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%,
• other 0.3% (1998)

• Pashtun 42%,
• Tajik 27%,
• Hazara 9%,
• Uzbek 9%,
• Aimak 4%,
• Turkmen 3%,
• Baloch 2%,
• other 4%

• Armenian 97.9%,
• Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%,
• Russian 0.5%,
• other 0.3% (2001 census)

• Azeri 90.6%,
• Dagestani 2.2%,
• Russian 1.8%,
• Armenian 1.5%,
• other 3.9% (1999 census)

note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region

• Bengali 98%,
• tribal groups,
• non-Bengali Muslims (1998)

• Bhote 50%,
• ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups),
• indigenous or migrant tribes 15%

Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%

• Georgian 83.8%,
• Azeri 6.5%,
• Armenian 5.7%,
• Russian 1.5%,
• other 2.5% (2002 census)

• Indo-Aryan 72%,
• Dravidian 25%,
• Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

Japanese 99%, others 1% (Korean 511,262, Chinese 244,241, Brazilian 182,232, Filipino 89,851, other 237,914)

note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil (2004)

• Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%,
• Russian 30%,
• Ukrainian 3.7%,
• Uzbek 2.5%,
• German 2.4%,
• Tatar 1.7%,
• Uygur 1.4%,
• other 4.9% (1999 census)

racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese

homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)

• Kyrgyz 64.9%,
• Uzbek 13.8%,
• Russian 12.5%,
• Dungan 1.1%,
• Ukrainian 1%,
• Uygur 1%,
• other 5.7% (1999 census)

• South Indians,
• Sinhalese,
• Arabs

• Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%,
• Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%,
• other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)

• Chhettri 15.5%,
• Brahman-Hill 12.5%,
• Magar 7%,
• Tharu 6.6%,
• Tamang 5.5%,
• Newar 5.4%,
• Muslim 4.2%,
• Kami 3.9%,
• Yadav 3.9%,
• other 32.7%,
• unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)

• Punjabi,
• Sindhi,
• Pashtun (Pathan),
• Baloch,
• Muhajir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)

• Russian 79.8%,
• Tatar 3.8%,
• Ukrainian 2%,
• Bashkir 1.2%,
• Chuvash 1.1%,
• other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)

• Sinhalese 73.8%,
• Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%,
• Indian Tamil 4.6%,
• Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%,
• other 0.5%,
• unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)

• Tajik 79.9%,
• Uzbek 15.3%,
• Russian 1.1%,
• Kyrgyz 1.1%,
• other 2.6% (2000 census)

• Turkmen 85%,
• Uzbek 5%,
• Russian 4%,
• other 6% (2003)

• Uzbek 80%,
• Russian 5.5%,
• Tajik 5%,
• Kazakh 3%,
• Karakalpak 2.5%,
• Tatar 1.5%,
• other 2.5% (1996 est.)

• black (predominant) 90.1%,
• mixed,
• mulatto 4.6%,
• white 3.7%,
• other 1.6% (2001 Census)

• black,
• British,
• Portuguese,
• Lebanese,
• Syrian

mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%

• black 85%,
• white 12%,
• Asian and Hispanic 3%

• black 90%,
• white 4%,
• Asian and mixed 6%

• mestizo 48.7%,
• Creole 24.9%,
• Maya 10.6%,
• Garifuna 6.1%,
• other 9.7%

• black 83%,
• white,
• Indian,
• Asian and mixed

• mixed 40%,
• white 20%,
• black 20%,
• expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%

• white (including mestizo) 94%,
• black 3%,
• Amerindian 1%,
• Chinese 1%,
• other 1%

• mulatto 51%,
• white 37%,
• black 11%,
• Chinese 1%

• black,
• mixed black and European,
• European,
• Syrian,
• Carib Amerindian

• white 16%,
• black 11%,
• mixed 73%

• mestizo 90%,
• white 9%,
• Amerindian 1%

black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian

• black or mulatto 90%,
• white 5%,
• East Indian,
• Lebanese,
• Chinese less than 5%

• Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) and European 59.4%,
• K'iche 9.1%,
• Kaqchikel 8.4%,
• Mam 7.9%,
• Q'eqchi 6.3%,
• other Mayan 8.6%,
• indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%,
• other 0.1% (2001 census)

black 95%, mulatto and white 5%

• mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%,
• Amerindian 7%,
• black 2%,
• white 1%

• black 90.9%,
• East Indian 1.3%,
• white 0.2%,
• Chinese 0.2%,
• mixed 7.3%,
• other 0.1%

• African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%,
• white 5%,
• East Indian,
• Chinese less than 5%

black, white

• mixed black 85%,
• Carib Amerindian,
• white,
• East Asian

• mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%,
• white 17%,
• black 9%,
• Amerindian 5%

• mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%,
• Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%,
• white 10%,
• Amerindian 6%

• white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%,
• black 8%,
• Amerindian 0.4%,
• Asian 0.2%,
• mixed and other 10.9%

predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese

• black 90%,
• mixed 6%,
• East Indian 3%,
• white 1%

• black 66%,
• mixed 19%,
• East Indian 6%,
• Carib Amerindian 2%,
• other 7%

• Indian (South Asian) 40%,
• African 37.5%,
• mixed 20.5%,
• other 1.2%,
• unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)

black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%

• black 76.2%,
• white 13.1%,
• Asian 1.1%,
• other 6.1%,
• mixed 3.5% (2000 census)