Indonesia

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• more moderate in highlands

• deforestation;
• water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage;
• air pollution in urban areas;
• smoke and haze from forest fires

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Marine Life Conservation

• archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited);
• straddles equator;
• strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.77 male(s)/female

total population:

1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

degree of risk:

high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, malaria, and chikungunya are high risks in some locations (2004)

noun:

Indonesian(s)

adjective:

Indonesian

conventional long form:

Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form:

Indonesia

local long form:

Republik Indonesia

local short form:

Indonesia

former:

Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies

• 30 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota);
• Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya Barat, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, Riau, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*;
• note - with the implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357 districts or regencies became the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services

• based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes;
• has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

chief of state:

• President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:

President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004);

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:

president and vice president were elected for five-year terms by direct vote of the citizenry; last held 20 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2009)

election results:

Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president receiving 60.6% of vote; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri received 39.4%

• unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (550 seats; members elected to serve five-year terms);
• House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions;
• People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) has role in inaugurating and impeaching President and in amending constitution;
• consists of popularly-elected members in DPR and DPD;
• MPR does not formulate national policy

elections:

last held 5 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2009)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - Golkar 21.6%, PDI-P 18.5%, PKB 10.6%, PPP 8.2%, PD 7.5%, PKS 7.3%, PAN 6.4%, others 19.9%;
• seats by party - Golkar 128, PDI-P 109, PPP 58, PD 55, PAN 53, PKB 52, PKS 45, others 50

note: because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the number of votes received by parties

• Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature);
• a separate Constitutional Court or Makhama Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003;
• in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights

• Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman];
• Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO, chairman];
• Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA, chairman];
• Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson];
• National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB, chairman];
• National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman];
• Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [MAHFUD, acting chairman];
• United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]

chief of mission:

Ambassador SOEMADI Brotodiningrat

chancery:

2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

[1] (202) 775-5200

FAX:

[1] (202) 775-5365

consulate(s) general:

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco

chief of mission:

Ambassador B. Lynn PASCOE

embassy:

Jalan 1 Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110

mailing address:

Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520

telephone:

[62] (21) 3435-9000

FAX:

[62] (21) 385-7189

consulate(s) general:

Surabaya

• two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white;
• similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter;
• also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

lowest 10%:

4%

highest 10%:

26.7% (1999)

general assessment:

domestic service fair, international service good

domestic:

interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system

international:

country code - 62; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)

total:

6,458 km

narrow gauge:

5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2004)

total:

342,700 km

paved:

158,670 km

unpaved:

184,030 km (1999 est.)

• condensate 850 km;
• condensate/gas 128 km;
• gas 8,506 km;
• oil 7,472 km;
• oil/gas/water 66 km;
• refined products 1,329 km (2004)

• East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the boundary remain unresolved;
• Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern maritime boundary;
• a 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of their maritime boundary but outstanding issues remain;
• ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in 2002 left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block;
• the ICJ decision has prompted Indonesia to assert claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer islands;
• Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island;
• Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea;
• piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

IDPs:

• 535,000 (government offensives against rebels in Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi Provinces);
• 441,000 (resulting from 26 December 2004 tsunmai) (2004)