Industries In 36 editions of 36.

• industry worldwide is dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment;
• most of these advances take place in OECD nations;
• only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces, and the technological gap between the industrial nations and the less-developed countries continues to widen;
• the rapid development of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating already grim environmental problems

• petroleum,
• light industries,
• natural gas,
• mining,
• electrical,
• petrochemical,
• food processing

• petroleum;
• mining - diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold;
• fish processing;
• food processing;
• brewing;
• tobacco;
• sugar;
• textiles;
• cement;
• basic metal products

• textiles,
• cigarettes,
• construction materials,
• beverages,
• food production,
• petroleum

• mining of diamonds,
• copper,
• nickel,
• coal,
• salt,
• soda ash,
• potash;
• livestock processing

• cotton lint,
• beverages,
• agricultural processing,
• soap,
• cigarettes,
• textiles,
• gold mining and extraction

• light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap;
• assembly of imported components;
• public works construction;
• food processing

• fish processing,
• salt mining,
• clothing factories,
• ship repair,
• construction materials,
• food and beverage production

• petroleum production and refining,
• food processing,
• light consumer goods,
• textiles,
• sawmills

• diamond mining,
• sawmills,
• breweries,
• textiles,
• footwear,
• assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

• cotton textile mills,
• slaughterhouses,
• brewery,
• natron (sodium carbonate),
• soap,
• cigarettes

• perfume distillation,
• textiles,
• furniture,
• jewelry,
• construction materials,
• soft drinks

• mining,
• mineral processing,
• consumer products (including textiles, footwear, and cigarettes),
• processed foods and beverages,
• cement,
• diamonds

• petroleum,
• cement,
• lumbering,
• brewing,
• sugar milling,
• palm oil,
• soap,
• cigarette

• foodstuffs,
• wood processing,
• oil refinery,
• automobile assembly,
• textiles,
• fertilizer,
• beverage

limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling

• textiles,
• food processing,
• tourism,
• chemicals,
• petroleum,
• construction,
• cement,
• metals

fishing, sawmilling

• food processing,
• beverages,
• clothing and textiles

• mining (coal and asbestos),
• wood pulp,
• sugar

• food processing,
• beverages,
• textiles,
• chemicals,
• metals processing,
• cement

• petroleum,
• food and beverages,
• lumbering and plywood,
• textiles,
• mining - manganese,
• uranium,
• gold,
• cement

• peanut processing,
• tourism,
• beverages,
• agricultural machinery assembly,
• woodworking,
• metalworking,
• clothing

• mining,
• lumbering,
• light manufacturing,
• aluminum,
• food processing

• bauxite mining,
• alumina,
• gold,
• diamond mining,
• light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries

• agricultural processing,
• beer,
• soft drinks

• small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour),
• agricultural processing,
• oil refining,
• cement,
• tourism

• food,
• beverages,
• textiles,
• handicrafts,
• tourism

• rubber processing,
• food processing,
• construction materials,
• furniture,
• palm oil processing,
• mining (iron ore, diamonds)

• petroleum,
• food processing,
• textiles,
• handicrafts,
• cement

• agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, breweries, tanneries, sugar refining plants),
• light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware),
• cement,
• automobile assembly plant,
• paper,
• petroleum

• agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar),
• sawmilling,
• cement,
• consumer goods

• small local consumer goods and processing,
• construction,
• phosphate,
• gold,
• fishing

fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum

• food processing (largely sugar milling),
• textiles,
• wearing apparel,
• chemicals,
• metal products,
• transport equipment,
• nonelectrical machinery,
• tourism

newly created lobster and shrimp industry

• phosphate rock mining and processing,
• food processing,
• leather goods,
• textiles,
• construction,
• tourism

• food,
• beverages,
• chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
• petroleum products,
• textiles,
• nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos),
• tobacco

• meatpacking,
• fish processing,
• dairy products,
• mining (copper, lead, zinc, diamond, uranium)

cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses, and a few other small light industries; uranium mining began in 1971

• crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite;
• primary processing industries - palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins;
• manufacturing industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics, steel

• sugar,
• rum,
• cigarettes,
• several small shops producing handicraft items

• mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore),
• tin,
• cement,
• agricultural processing,
• small-scale beverage production,
• soap,
• furniture,
• shoes,
• plastic goods,
• textiles,
• cigarettes

crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing

• light construction,
• shirts,
• soap,
• beer,
• fisheries,
• shrimp processing

• agricultural and fish processing,
• phosphate mining,
• petroleum refining,
• building materials

• tourism,
• processing of coconut and vanilla,
• fishing,
• coir rope factory,
• boat building,
• printing,
• furniture,
• beverage

• mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile),
• small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear),
• petroleum refinery

a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining; probably shut down by the widespread destruction during the civil war

• mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium),
• automobile assembly,
• metalworking,
• machinery,
• textile,
• iron and steel,
• chemical,
• fertilizer,
• foodstuffs

• cotton ginning,
• textiles,
• cement,
• edible oils,
• sugar,
• soap distilling,
• shoes,
• petroleum refining

• primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine),
• diamond and gold mining,
• oil refinery,
• shoes,
• cement,
• textiles,
• wood products,
• fertilizer

• phosphate mining,
• agricultural processing,
• cement,
• handicrafts,
• textiles,
• beverages

• petroleum,
• mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore),
• tourism,
• textiles,
• footwear,
• food,
• beverages

• sugar,
• brewing,
• tobacco,
• cotton textiles,
• cement

• phosphate mining,
• fishing,
• handicrafts

copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer

• mining,
• steel,
• clothing and footwear,
• chemicals,
• foodstuffs,
• fertilizer,
• beverage,
• transportation equipment,
• wood products

• fish processing (mainly shrimp),
• lead and zinc mining,
• handicrafts,
• some small shipyards,
• potential for platinum and gold mining

• fish processing,
• aluminum smelting,
• ferro-silicon production,
• geothermal power

• small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement;
• handwoven carpets;
• natural gas, oil, coal, copper

• traditionally diverse, including (as a percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting machine tools (5.5%), forging-pressing machines (1.9%), electric motors (9%), tires (1.5%), knitted wear (4.4%), hosiery (3.0%), shoes (2.2%), silk fabric (0.8%), washing machines (2.0%), chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, and microelectronics (1990);
• currently, much of industry is shut down

• petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment;
• steel, iron ore, cement;
• chemicals and petrochemicals;
• textiles

• jute manufacturing,
• cotton textiles,
• food processing,
• steel,
• fertilizer

• cement,
• wood products,
• processed fruits,
• alcoholic beverages,
• calcium carbide

• iron and steel,
• coal,
• machine building,
• armaments,
• textiles,
• petroleum,
• cement,
• chemical fertilizers,
• consumer durables,
• food processing

• heavy industrial products include raw steel, rolled steel, airplanes;
• machine tools, foundry equipment, electric locomotives, tower cranes, electric welding equipment, machinery for food preparation and meat packing, electric motors, process control equipment, instruments;
• trucks, tractors, and other farm machinery;
• light industrial products, including cloth, hosiery, and shoes;
• chemicals;
• wood-working industries;
• the most important food industry is wine

• textiles,
• chemicals,
• food processing,
• steel,
• transportation equipment,
• cement,
• mining,
• petroleum,
• machinery

• steel and non-ferrous metallurgy,
• heavy electrical equipment,
• construction and mining equipment,
• motor vehicles and parts,
• electronic and telecommunication equipment and components,
• machine tools and automated production systems,
• locomotives and railroad rolling stock,
• shipbuilding,
• chemicals,
• textiles,
• food processing

• extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur),
• iron and steel,
• nonferrous metal,
• tractors and other agricultural machinery,
• electric motors,
• construction materials

• machine building,
• military products,
• electric power,
• chemicals,
• mining,
• metallurgy,
• textiles,
• food processing

• electronics,
• automobile production,
• chemicals,
• shipbuilding,
• steel,
• textiles,
• clothing,
• footwear,
• food processing

small machinery, textiles, food-processing industries, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, and rare earth metals

• fishing and fish processing,
• tourism,
• shipping,
• boat building,
• some coconut processing,
• garments,
• woven mats,
• coir (rope),
• handicrafts

• copper,
• processing of animal products,
• building materials,
• food and beverage,
• mining (particularly coal)

• small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills;
• cigarette, textile, carpet, cement, and brick production;
• tourism

• textiles,
• food processing,
• beverages,
• construction materials,
• clothing,
• paper products,
• shrimp

• complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals;
• all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles;
• ship- building;
• road and rail transportation equipment;
• communications equipment;
• agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment;
• electric power generating and transmitting equipment;
• medical and scientific instruments;
• consumer durables

processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco

• aluminum,
• zinc,
• lead,
• chemicals and fertilizers,
• cement,
• vegetable oil,
• metal-cutting machine tools,
• refrigerators and freezers

• natural gas,
• oil,
• petroleum products,
• textiles,
• food processing

• textiles,
• food processing,
• machine building,
• metallurgy,
• natural gas

• tourism,
• boat building,
• salt

• tourism,
• construction,
• light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

• tourism,
• transshipment facilities,
• oil refining

• tourism,
• banking,
• cement,
• oil refining and transshipment,
• salt production,
• rum,
• aragonite,
• pharmaceuticals,
• spiral welded steel pipe

• tourism,
• sugar,
• light manufacturing,
• component assembly for export,
• petroleum

• garment production,
• citrus concentrates,
• sugar refining,
• rum,
• beverages,
• tourism

• tourism,
• light industry,
• construction,
• rum,
• concrete block,
• offshore financial center

• tourism,
• banking,
• insurance and finance,
• construction,
• building materials,
• furniture making

• food processing,
• textiles and clothing,
• construction materials,
• fertilizer,
• plastic products

• sugar milling and refining,
• petroleum refining,
• food and tobacco processing,
• textiles,
• chemicals,
• paper and wood products,
• metals (particularly nickel),
• cement,
• fertilizers,
• consumer goods,
• agricultural machinery

• soap,
• coconut oil,
• tourism,
• copra,
• furniture,
• cement blocks,
• shoes

• tourism,
• sugar processing,
• ferronickel and gold mining,
• textiles,
• cement,
• tobacco

• food processing,
• beverages,
• petroleum,
• nonmetallic products,
• tobacco,
• chemicals,
• textiles,
• furniture

• food and beverage,
• textile,
• light assembly operations,
• tourism,
• construction

• construction,
• cement,
• rum,
• sugar,
• tourism

• sugar,
• textiles and clothing,
• furniture,
• chemicals,
• petroleum,
• metals,
• rubber,
• tourism

• sugar refining,
• textiles,
• flour milling,
• cement manufacturing,
• tourism,
• light assembly industries based on imported parts

• agricultural processing (sugar and coffee),
• textiles,
• clothing,
• wood products

• tourism,
• bauxite mining,
• textiles,
• food processing,
• light manufactures

• construction,
• rum,
• cement,
• oil refining,
• sugar,
• tourism

• tourism;
• light manufacturing - rum,
• textiles,
• electronic appliances

• tourism (Curacao and Sint Maarten),
• petroleum refining (Curacao),
• petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire),
• light manufacturing (Curacao)

• food processing,
• chemicals,
• metal products,
• textiles,
• clothing,
• petroleum refining and distribution,
• beverages,
• footwear

• manufacturing and construction activities,
• petroleum refining,
• brewing,
• cement and other construction material,
• sugar milling

manufacturing accounts for 55.5% of GDP:

• manufacturing of pharmaceuticals,
• electronics,
• apparel,
• food products,
• instruments;
• tourism

• sugar processing,
• tourism,
• cotton,
• salt,
• copra,
• clothing,
• footwear,
• beverages

• clothing,
• assembly of electronic components,
• beverages,
• corrugated cardboard boxes,
• tourism,
• lime processing,
• coconut processing

• food processing,
• cement,
• furniture,
• clothing,
• starch

• petroleum,
• chemicals,
• tourism,
• food processing,
• cement,
• beverage,
• cotton textiles

• fishing,
• tourism,
• offshore financial services

• tourism,
• petroleum refining,
• watch assembly,
• rum distilling,
• construction,
• pharmaceuticals,
• textiles,
• electronics

• food processing,
• textiles and clothing,
• lumber,
• oil,
• cement,
• chemicals,
• mining,
• basic metals,
• hydropower

• tourism (particularly skiing),
• sheep,
• timber,
• tobacco,
• banking

• foods,
• iron and steel,
• machines,
• textiles,
• chemicals,
• electrical,
• paper and pulp,
• tourism,
• mining,
• motor vehicles

• employ about 40% of labor force and produce a wide variety of products including (in percent share of total output of former Soviet Union): tractors (12%);
• metal-cutting machine tools (11%);
• off-highway dump trucks up to 110-metric-ton load capacity (100%);
• wheel-type earthmovers for construction and mining (100%);
• eight-wheel-drive, high-flotation trucks with cargo capacity of 25 metric tons for use in tundra and roadless areas (100%);
• equipment for animal husbandry and livestock feeding (25%);
• motorcycles (21.3%);
• television sets (11%);
• chemical fibers (28%);
• fertilizer (18%);
• linen fabric (11%);
• wool fabric (7%);
• radios;
• refrigerators;
• and other consumer goods

• engineering and metal products,
• motor vehicle assembly,
• processed food and beverages,
• chemicals,
• basic metals,
• textiles,
• glass,
• petroleum,
• coal

• steel production,
• mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite),
• manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances),
• oil refining (1991)

• machine building and metal working,
• food processing,
• chemicals,
• textiles,
• building materials,
• ferrous and nonferrous metals

• chemicals and plastics,
• machine tools,
• fabricated metal,
• electronics,
• pig iron and rolled steel products,
• aluminum reduction,
• paper,
• wood products (including furniture),
• building materials (including cement),
• textiles,
• shipbuilding,
• petroleum and petroleum refining,
• food processing and beverages

• fuels,
• ferrous metallurgy,
• machinery and equipment,
• coal,
• motor vehicles,
• glass,
• armaments

food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding

accounts for 42% of labor force; oil shale, shipbuilding, phosphates, electric motors, excavators, cement, furniture, clothing, textiles, paper, shoes, apparel

• fishing,
• shipbuilding,
• handicrafts

• metal products,
• shipbuilding,
• forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper),
• copper refining,
• foodstuffs,
• chemicals,
• textiles,
• clothing

• steel,
• machinery,
• chemicals,
• automobiles,
• metallurgy,
• aircraft,
• electronics,
• mining,
• textiles,
• food processing,
• tourism

• tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce;
• support to large UK naval and air bases;
• transit trade and supply depot in the port;
• light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish

• food and tobacco processing,
• textiles,
• chemicals,
• metal products,
• tourism,
• mining,
• petroleum

tourism, banking

printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

• mining,
• metallurgy,
• construction materials,
• processed foods,
• textiles,
• chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals),
• buses,
• automobiles

• food products,
• brewing,
• textiles,
• clothing,
• chemicals,
• pharmaceuticals,
• machinery,
• transportation equipment,
• glass and crystal

• an important offshore financial center;
• financial services,
• light manufacturing,
• tourism

• machinery,
• iron and steel,
• chemicals,
• food processing,
• textiles,
• motor vehicles,
• clothing,
• footwear,
• ceramics

• tourism,
• banking and finance,
• dairy

• employs 41% of labor force;
• highly diversified;
• dependent on imports for energy, raw materials, and intermediate products;
• produces buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles

• electronics,
• metal manufacturing,
• textiles,
• ceramics,
• pharmaceuticals,
• food products,
• precision instruments,
• tourism

employs 42% of the labor force; accounts for 23% of GOP shares in the

total production of the former USSR are:

• metal-cutting machine tools 6.6%;
• electric motors 4.6%;
• television sets 6.2%;
• refrigerators and freezers 5.4%;
• other branches: petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, and amber

• banking,
• iron and steel,
• food processing,
• chemicals,
• metal products,
• engineering,
• tires,
• glass,
• aluminum

• tourism,
• electronics,
• ship repair yard,
• construction,
• food manufacturing,
• textiles,
• footwear,
• clothing,
• beverages,
• tobacco

• key products are canned food,
• agricultural machinery,
• foundry equipment,
• refrigerators and freezers,
• washing machines,
• hosiery,
• refined sugar,
• vegetable oil,
• shoes,
• textiles

• agroindustries,
• metal and engineering products,
• electrical machinery and equipment,
• chemicals,
• petroleum,
• fishing,
• construction,
• microelectronics

• low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only;
• produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel;
• light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco

• petroleum and gas,
• food processing,
• shipbuilding,
• pulp and paper products,
• metals,
• chemicals,
• timber,
• mining,
• textiles,
• fishing

• machine building,
• iron and steel,
• extractive industries,
• chemicals,
• shipbuilding,
• food processing,
• glass,
• beverages,
• textiles