San Marino

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

agricultural land:

16.7%;

• arable land 16.7%;
• permanent crops 0%;
• permanent pasture 0%

forest:

0%

other:

83.3% (2011 est.)

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Air Pollution

• landlocked;
• smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
• dominated by the Apennine Mountains

noun:

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Sammarinese

at birth:

1.1 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.14 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.06 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.89 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.81 male(s)/female

total population:

0.94 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:

San Marino

local long form:

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:

San Marino

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, the traditional founder of the country

name:

San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates:

43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

• 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
• Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

history:

consists of several legislative instruments, chief among them the Statutes (Leges Statuti) of 1600 and the Declaration of Citizen Rights of 1974

amendments:

• proposed by the Great and General Council;
• passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote;
• Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum;
• Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

30 years

description:

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected by proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

elections:

last held on 20 November 2016 (next to be held by November 2021)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - San Marino First 39.4% (PDCS 24.5%, PS 7.7%, PSD 7.2%), Adesso.sm 31.0% Democratic Socialist Left 12.1%, Repubblica Futura 9.6%, Civic 10 9.3%), Democracy in Action 22.8% RETE Movement 18.3%, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 4.5%);
• seats by party - San Marino First 25 (PDCS 16, PS 5, PSD 4), Adesso.sm 20 (Democratic Socialist Left 8, Repubblica Futura 6, Civic 10 6), Democracy in Action 15 RETE Movement 12, Democratic Movement-San Marino Together 3)

highest court(s):

• Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members);
• note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts:

first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

chief of mission:

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

chancery:

1711 N Street NW, 2nd floor, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

202-250-1535

FAX:

202-223-2748

• two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
• the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field;
• the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano:
  • Guaita,
  • Cesta,
  • and Montale
  ;
• the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty);
• the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

name:

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music:

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

agriculture:

0.2%

industry:

33.5%

services:

66.3% (September 2013 es)

lowest 10%:

NA%

highest 10%:

NA%

general assessment:

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system

domestic:

combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity over 155 telephones per 100 persons

international:

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network (2016)

total:

292 km

paved:

292 km (2006)

country comparison to the world: 207

• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service;
• no conscription;
• government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)