The CIA World Factbook Edition 1990 People

Religions In 36 editions of 36.

Religions was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1990 edition carries it in 216 entries, in its People section, under the heading “Religion”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1990 edition
216
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Religions” (1992 to 2025) and “Religion” (1990 to 1991).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Religions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Religions in each edition

19902000201020202025

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Africa

56 entries

Algeria

99% Sunni Muslim (state religion); 1% Christian and Jewish

Angola

47% indigenous beliefs, 38% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant (est.)

Benin

70% indigenous beliefs, 15% Muslim, 15% Christian

Botswana

50% indigenous beliefs, 50% Christian

Burkina now Burkina Faso

65% indigenous beliefs, about 25% Muslim, 10% Christian (mainly Roman Catholic)

Burundi

about 67% Christian (62% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant), 32% indigenous beliefs, 1% Muslim

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs

Cameroon

51% indigenous beliefs, 33% Christian, 16% Muslim

Central African Republic

24% indigenous beliefs, 25% Protestant, 25% Roman Catholic, 15% Muslim, 11% other; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority

Chad

44% Muslim, 33% Christian, 23% indigenous beliefs, animism

Comoros

86% Sunni Muslim, 14% Roman Catholic

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 10% Kimbanguist, 10% Muslim, 10% other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs

Congo now Republic of the Congo

50% Christian, 48% animist, 2% Muslim

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

63% indigenous, 25% Muslim, 12% Christian

Djibouti

94% Muslim, 6% Christian

Egypt

(official estimate) 94% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 6% Coptic Christian and other

Equatorial Guinea

natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained

Swaziland now Eswatini

60% Christian, 40% indigenous beliefs

Ethiopia

40-45% Muslim, 35-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 15-20% animist, 5% other

Gabon

55-75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist

The Gambia

90% Muslim, 9% Christian, 1% indigenous beliefs

Ghana

38% indigenous beliefs, 30% Muslim, 24% Christian, 8% other

Guinea

85% Muslim, 5% indigenous beliefs, 1.5% Christian

Guinea-Bissau

65% indigenous beliefs, 30% Muslim, 5% Christian

Kenya

38% Protestant, 28% Roman Catholic, 26% indigenous beliefs, 6% Muslim

Lesotho

80% Christian, rest indigenous beliefs

Liberia

70% traditional, 20% Muslim, 10% Christian

Libya

97% Sunni Muslim

Madagascar

52% indigenous beliefs; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim

Malawi

55% Protestant, 20% Roman Catholic, 20% Muslim; traditional indigenous beliefs are also practiced

Mali

90% Muslim, 9% indigenous beliefs, 1% Christian

Mauritania

nearly 100% Muslim

Mauritius

51% Hindu, 30% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic with a few Anglicans), 17% Muslim, 2% other

Mayotte

99% Muslim; remainder Christian, mostly Roman Catholic

Morocco

98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish

Mozambique

60% indigenous beliefs, 30% Christian, 10% Muslim

Namibia

predominantly Christian

Niger

80% Muslim, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians

Nigeria

50% Muslim, 40% Christian, 10% indigenous beliefs

Reunion

94% Roman Catholic

Rwanda

  • Roman Catholic 65%,
  • Protestant 9%,
  • Muslim 1%,
  • indigenous beliefs and other 25%

St. Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Anglican majority; also Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, and Roman Catholic

Sao Tome and Principe

  • Roman Catholic,
  • Evangelical Protestant,
  • Seventh-Day Adventist

Senegal

92% Muslim, 6% indigenous beliefs, 2% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)

Seychelles

90% Roman Catholic, 8% Anglican, 2% other

Sierra Leone

30% Muslim, 30% indigenous beliefs, 10% Christian, 30% other or none

Somalia

almost entirely Sunni Muslim

South Africa

most whites and Coloreds and roughly 60% of blacks are Christian; roughly 60% of Indians are Hindu, 20% Muslim

Sudan

70% Sunni Muslim (in north), 20% indigenous beliefs, 5% Christian (mostly in south and Khartoum)

Tanzania

mainland--33% Christian, 33% Muslim, 33% indigenous beliefs; Zanzibar--almost all Muslim

Togo

about 70% indigenous beliefs, 20% Christian, 10% Muslim

Tunisia

98% Muslim, 1% Christian, less than 1% Jewish

Uganda

33% Roman Catholic, 33% Protestant, 16% Muslim, rest indigenous beliefs

Western Sahara

Muslim

Zambia

50-75% Christian, 1% Muslim and Hindu, remainder indigenous beliefs

Zimbabwe

50% syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs), 25% Christian, 24% indigenous beliefs, a few Muslim

Arctic Region

2 entries

Greenland

Evangelical Lutheran

Iceland

95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation

Asia

13 entries

Afghanistan

74% Sunni Muslim, 15% Shia Muslim, 11% other

Bangladesh

83% Muslim, about 16% Hindu, less than 1% Buddhist, Christian, and other

Bhutan

75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism

China

  • officially atheist, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic;
  • most important elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism;
  • about 2-3% Muslim, 1% Christian

India

82.6% Hindu, 11.4% Muslim, 2.4% Christian, 2.0% Sikh, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.5% Jains, 0.4% other

Japan

most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian

Korea, North now North Korea

Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent

Korea, South now South Korea

  • strong Confucian tradition;
  • vigorous Christian minority (28% of the total population);
  • Buddhism;
  • pervasive folk religion (Shamanism);
  • Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents

Maldives

Sunni Muslim

Mongolia

predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime

Nepal

only official Hindu state in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu (about 88% of population) and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians

Pakistan

97% Muslim (77% Sunni, 20% Shia), 3% Christian, Hindu, and other

Sri Lanka

69% Buddhist, 15% Hindu, 8% Christian, 8% Muslim

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Anglican, Methodist, and Roman Catholic

Antigua and Barbuda

  • Anglican (predominant),
  • other Protestant sects,
  • some Roman Catholic

Aruba

82% Roman Catholic, 8% Protestant; also small Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, and Jewish minority

The Bahamas

Baptist 29%, Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 22%, smaller groups of other Protestants, Greek Orthodox, and Jews

Barbados

70% Anglican, 9% Methodist, 4% Roman Catholic, 17% other, including Moravian

Belize

60% Roman Catholic; 40% Protestant (Anglican, Seventh-Day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite)

British Virgin Islands

majority Methodist; others include Anglican, Church of God, Seventh-Day Adventist, Baptist, and Roman Catholic

Cayman Islands

  • United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational),
  • Anglican,
  • Baptist,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Church of God,
  • other Protestant denominations

Costa Rica

95% Roman Catholic

Cuba

at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power

Dominica

80% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Methodist

Dominican Republic

95% Roman Catholic

El Salvador

about 97% Roman Catholic, with activity by Protestant groups throughout the country

Grenada

  • largely Roman Catholic;
  • Anglican;
  • other Protestant sects

Guadeloupe

95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African

Guatemala

predominantly Roman Catholic; also Protestant, traditional Mayan

Haiti

75-80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo), 10% Protestant

Honduras

about 97% Roman Catholic; small Protestant minority

Jamaica

  • predominantly Protestant (including Anglican and Baptist),
  • some Roman Catholic,
  • some spiritualist cults

Martinique

95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African

Montserrat

  • Anglican,
  • Methodist,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Pentecostal,
  • Seventh-Day Adventist,
  • other Christian denominations

Netherlands Antilles

  • predominantly Roman Catholic;
  • Protestant,
  • Jewish,
  • Seventh-Day Adventist

Nicaragua

95% Roman Catholic, 5% Protestant

Panama

over 93% Roman Catholic, 6% Protestant

Puerto Rico

mostly Christian, 85% Roman Catholic, 15% Protestant denominations and other

St. Kitts and Nevis now Saint Kitts and Nevis

  • Anglican,
  • other Protestant sects,
  • Roman Catholic

St. Lucia now Saint Lucia

90% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 3% Anglican

St. Vincent and the Grenadines now Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  • Anglican,
  • Methodist,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Seventh-Day Adventist

Trinidad and Tobago

36.2% Roman Catholic, 23.0% Hindu, 13.1% Protestant, 6.0% Muslim, 21.7% unknown

Turks and Caicos Islands

  • Anglican,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Baptist,
  • Methodist,
  • Church of God,
  • Seventh-Day Adventist

Virgin Islands

42% Baptist, 34% Roman Catholic, 17% Episcopalian, 7% other

Europe

37 entries

Albania

  • Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state;
  • all churches and mosques were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited;
  • pre-1967 estimates of religious affiliation--70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic

Andorra

virtually all Roman Catholic

Austria

85% Roman Catholic, 6% Protestant, 9% other

Belgium

75% Roman Catholic; remainder Protestant or other

Bulgaria

religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other

Czechoslovakia

50% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 28% other

Denmark

97% Evangelical Lutheran, 2% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other

Faroe Islands

Evangelical Lutheran

Finland

97% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.2% Eastern Orthodox, 1.8% other

France

90% Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 6% unaffiliated

German Democratic Republic

47% Protestant, 7% Roman Catholic, 46% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics active participants

Germany, Federal Republic of now Germany

45% Roman Catholic, 44% Protestant, 11% other

Gibraltar

75% Roman Catholic, 8% Church of England, 2.25% Jewish

Greece

98% Greek Orthodox, 1.3% Muslim, 0.7% other

Guernsey

  • Anglican,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Presbyterian,
  • Baptist,
  • Congregational,
  • Methodist

Vatican City now Holy See (Vatican City)

Roman Catholic

Hungary

67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other

Ireland

94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

  • Anglican,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Methodist,
  • Baptist,
  • Presbyterian,
  • Society of Friends

Italy

almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic

Jersey

  • Anglican,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • Baptist,
  • Congregational New Church,
  • Methodist,
  • Presbyterian

Liechtenstein

82.7% Roman Catholic, 7.1% Protestant, 10.2% other

Luxembourg

97% Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant and Jewish

Malta

98% Roman Catholic

Monaco

95% Roman Catholic

Netherlands

  • 36% Roman Catholic, 27% Protestant, 4% other, 33% unaffiliated (1986)

Norway

94% Evangelical Lutheran (state church), 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% other

Poland

95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Russian Orthodox, Protestant, and other

Portugal

97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant denominations, 2% other

Romania

  • 80% Romanian Orthodox;
  • 6% Roman Catholic;
  • 4% Calvinist, Lutheran, Jewish, Baptist

San Marino

Roman Catholic

Soviet Union

  • 20% Russian Orthodox;
  • 10% Muslim;
  • 7% Protestant, Georgian Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Roman Catholic;
  • less than 1% Jewish;
  • 60% atheist (est.)

Spain

99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects

Sweden

93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other

Switzerland

49% Roman Catholic, 48% Protestant, 0.3% Jewish

United Kingdom

27.0 million Anglican, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterian, 760,000 Methodist, 410,000 Jewish

Yugoslavia

50% Eastern Orthodox, 30% Roman Catholic, 9% Muslim, 1% Protestant, 10% other

Middle East

18 entries

Bahrain

Muslim (70% Shia, 30% Sunni)

Cyprus

  • 78% Greek Orthodox;
  • 18% Muslim;
  • 4% Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other

Gaza Strip

99% Muslim (predominantly Sunni), 0.7% Christian, 0.3% Jewish

Iran

95% Shia Muslim, 4% Sunni Muslim, 2% Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Bahai

Iraq

97% Muslim (60-65% Shia, 32-37% Sunni), 3% Christian or other

Israel

83% Judaism, 13.1% Islam (mostly Sunni Muslim), 2.3% Christian, 1.6% Druze

Jordan

92% Sunni Muslim, 8% Christian

Kuwait

85% Muslim (30% Shia, 45% Sunni, 10% other), 15% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other

Lebanon

75% Islam, 25% Christian, NEGL% Judaism; 17 legally recognized sects--4 Orthodox Christian (Armenian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Nestorean, Syriac Orthodox), 7 Uniate Christian (Armenian Catholic, Caldean, Greek Catholic, Maronite, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Syrian Catholic), 5 Islam (Alawite or Nusayri, Druze, Ismailite, Shia, Sunni), and 1 Jewish

Oman

75% Ibadhi Muslim;

  • remainder Sunni Muslim,
  • Shia Muslim,
  • some Hindu

Qatar

95% Muslim

Saudi Arabia

100% Muslim

Syria

  • 74% Sunni Muslim;
  • 16% Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects;
  • 10% Christian (various sects);
  • tiny Jewish communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo

Turkey now Turkiye

98% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 2% other (mostly Christian and Jewish)

United Arab Emirates

96% Muslim (16% Shia); 4% Christian, Hindu, and other

West Bank

80% Muslim (predominantly Sunni), 12% Jewish, 8% Christian and other

Yemen Arab Republic

100% Muslim (Sunni and Shia)

Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of now People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

Sunni Muslim, some Christian and Hindu

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

37% Anglican, 14% Roman Catholic, 10% African Methodist Episcopal (Zion), 6% Methodist, 5% Seventh-Day Adventist, 28% other

Canada

46% Roman Catholic, 16% United Church, 10% Anglican

Mexico

97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% Protestant

St. Pierre and Miquelon now Saint Pierre and Miquelon

98% Roman Catholic

United States

  • Protestant 61% (Baptist 21%, Methodist 12%, Lutheran 8%, Presbyterian 4%, Episcopalian 3%, other Protestant 13%),
  • Roman Catholic 25%,
  • Jewish 2%,
  • other 5%;
  • none 7%

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

about 50% Christian Congregationalist, 20% Roman Catholic, 30% mostly Protestant denominations and other

Australia

26.1% Anglican, 26.0% Roman Catholic, 24.3% other Christian

Cook Islands

Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church

Fiji

Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority

French Polynesia

mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Roman Catholic

Guam

98% Roman Catholic, 2% other

Kiribati

48% Roman Catholic, 45% Protestant (Congregational), some Seventh-Day Adventist and Baha'i

Marshall Islands

predominantly Christian, mostly Protestant

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

  • predominantly Christian, divided between Roman Catholic and Protestant;
  • other churches include Assembly of God, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist, Latter Day Saints, and the Baha'i Faith

Nauru

Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)

New Caledonia

over 60% Roman Catholic, 30% Protestant, 10% other

New Zealand

81% Christian, 18% none or unspecified, 1% Hindu, Confucian, and other

Niue

75% Ekalesia Nieue (Niuean Church)--a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society, 10% Mormon, 5% Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist

Norfolk Island

Anglican, Roman Catholic, Uniting Church in Australia, and Seventh-Day Adventist

Northern Mariana Islands

Christian with a Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the now Palau

predominantly Christian, mainly Roman Catholic

Papua New Guinea

over half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Roman Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder indigenous beliefs

Pitcairn Islands

100% Seventh-Day Adventist

Western Samoa now Samoa

99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)

Solomon Islands

almost all at least nominally Christian; Anglican, Seventh-Day Adventist, and Roman Catholic Churches dominant

Tokelau

  • 70% Congregational Christian Church, 30% Roman Catholic;
  • on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa;
  • on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic;
  • on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant

Tonga

Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents

Tuvalu

Christian, predominantly Protestant

Vanuatu

most at least nominally Christian

Wallis and Futuna

largely Roman Catholic

South America

14 entries

Argentina

90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other

Bolivia

95% Roman Catholic; active Protestant minority, especially Evangelical Methodist

Brazil

90% Roman Catholic (nominal)

Chile

89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant, and small Jewish population

Colombia

95% Roman Catholic

Ecuador

95% Roman Catholic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, and United Free Church; Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist

French Guiana

predominantly Roman Catholic

Guyana

57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other

Paraguay

90% Roman Catholic; Mennonite and other Protestant denominations

Peru

predominantly Roman Catholic

Suriname

27.4% Hindu, 19.6% Muslim, 22.8% Roman Catholic, 25.2% Protestant (predominantly Moravian), about 5% indigenous beliefs

Uruguay

66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 30% nonprofessing or other

Venezuela

96% nominally Roman Catholic, 2% Protestant

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

  • 60% Muslim (official);
  • 8% Christian;
  • 32% Buddhist and indigenous beliefs

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

85% Buddhist, 15% animist beliefs, Muslim, Christian, or other

Cambodia

95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% other

Christmas Island

NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

NA

Hong Kong

90% eclectic mixture of local religions, 10% Christian

Indonesia

88% Muslim, 6% Protestant, 3% Roman Catholic, 2% Hindu, 1% other

Laos

85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other

Macau

mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Roman Catholics, of whom about half are Chinese

Malaysia

  • Peninsular Malaysia--Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu;
  • Sabah--38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other;
  • Sarawak--35% tribal religion, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 20% Muslim, 16% Christian, 5% other

Philippines

83% Roman Catholic, 9% Protestant, 5% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other

Singapore

majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim (minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists)

Taiwan

  • 93% mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist;
  • 4.5% Christian;
  • 2.5% other

Thailand

95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% other

Vietnam

  • Buddhist,
  • Confucian,
  • Taoist,
  • Roman Catholic,
  • indigenous beliefs,
  • Islamic,
  • Protestant

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1990, “Religions”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/religions/1990.

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