The CIA World Factbook Edition 1999 Communications

Broadcast media In 31 editions of 36.

Broadcast media was published in 31 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1995 to 2025. The 1999 edition carries it in 241 entries, in its Communications section, under the heading “Radio broadcast stations”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1999 edition
241
the first edition with it
1995
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Broadcast media” (2010 to 2025), “Radio broadcast stations” (1996 to 2015), “Television broadcast stations” (1996 to 2015), “Radio” (1995) and “Television” (1995).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Broadcast media, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

1999

Every edition with Broadcast media

Entries with Broadcast media in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

World

1 entry

World

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Africa

57 entries

Algeria

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 23, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 18 (not including low-power stations) (1997)

Angola

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 8 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

7 (1997)

Benin

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (one privately owned) (1997)

Botswana

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Burkina Faso

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 2, FM 17, shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Burundi

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997 est.)

Cameroon

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 3 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1998)

Central African Republic

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 3 (including Africa No. 1 and R. France Internationale stations located in Bangui), shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Chad

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (one of the shortwave stations has three frequencies) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (broadcasts 1800 to 2100 hours, four days per week) (1997)

Comoros

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1998)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 10, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

18 (1997)

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Cote d'Ivoire

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 71, FM 4, shortwave 13

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

14 (1997)

Djibouti

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are 5 low-power repeaters) (1998)

Egypt

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 57, FM 14, shortwave 3 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

42 (in addition, there are nine channels received from Europe by satellite) (1997)

Equatorial Guinea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Eritrea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (government controlled) (1997)

Swaziland now Eswatini

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 7, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (in addition, there are seven repeaters) (1997)

Ethiopia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

25 (1998)

Gabon

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 4 (in addition, there are five low-power repeaters) (1997)

Gambia, The now The Gambia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 5, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (government owned) (1997)

Ghana

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 4, FM 23, shortwave 0 (1997)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 7 (in addition, there are eight repeaters) (1997)

Guinea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

6 (1997)

Guinea-Bissau

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Kenya

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 24, FM 7, shortwave 2

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 8 (of which six are government-controlled and two are commercial) (1997)

Lesotho

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Liberia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0

note: two of the FM radio stations are limited to a small area

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (in addition, there are four low-power repeaters; the station is located in Monrovia) (1997)

Libya

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 12 (in addition, there is one low-power repeater) (1997)

Madagascar

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are 36 repeaters) (1997)

Malawi

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997 est.)

Mali

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are two repeaters) (1997)

Mauritania

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Mauritius

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (in addition, there are 11 repeaters) (1997)

Mayotte

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (1997)

Morocco

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 22, FM 7, shortwave 5 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 26 (in addition, there are 35 repeaters) (1997)

Mozambique

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Namibia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 40, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

8 (of which five are main stations and three are low-power stations; there are also about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Niger

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 15, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 10 (in addition, there are seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Nigeria

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 82, FM 32, shortwave 10 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (government-controlled)

Reunion

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 13, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 22 (in addition, there are 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Rwanda

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Senegal

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 8, FM 6, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Seychelles

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (in addition, there are 9 repeaters) (1997)

Sierra Leone

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave NA

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Somalia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 5

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

South Africa

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 15, FM 164, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

556 (includes 156 network stations and 400 privately-owned low-power stations; in addition, there are 144 network repeaters) (1997)

Sudan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 11, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (1997)

Tanzania

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 12, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (1998)

Togo

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (in addition, there are two repeaters) (1997)

Tunisia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 7, FM 8, shortwave 1 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

19 (these are network stations; there are some additional stations of low power) (1997)

Uganda

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 8 (in addition, there is one low-power repeater) (1997)

Western Sahara

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Zambia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

9 (1997)

Zimbabwe

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

16 (1997)

Antarctic Region

1 entry

Antarctica

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM 2 (American Forces Antarctic Network), shortwave 1 (Argentina Antarctic Base de Egercito Esperanza) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (American Forces Antarctic Network-McMurdo) (1997)

Arctic Region

4 entries

Greenland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

1 publicly-owned station and some local radio and TV stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 publicly-owned station and some local low-power stations;
  • in addition, there are three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations which broadcast in the NTSC system (1997)

Iceland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 147 (transmitters and repeaters), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 14 (in addition, there are 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Jan Mayen

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

note: radio and meteorological station

Svalbard

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 2), shortwave 0

note: there are five meteorological/radio stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Asia

23 entries

Afghanistan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 6 (5 are inactive), FM 1, shortwave 3 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

note: in 1997, there was a station in Mazar-e Sharif reaching four northern Afghanistan provinces; also, the government ran a central television station in Kabul and regional stations in nine of the 30 provinces; it is unknown if any of these stations currently operate

Armenia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (in addition, programs are received by relay from Russia; 100% of the population receive Armenian and Russian TV programs) (1997)

Azerbaijan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 1 (Azerbaijan's single shortwave station transmits its programs to the Middle East in eight languages)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2;
  • note--the Ministry of Communications is the monopoly broadcaster and rebroadcaster of television in Azerbaijan;
  • Azerbaijani, Russian, Armenian, Iranian, British broadcasting companies, Voice of America, and other European channels are available via satellite;
  • television is broadcast to Nakhichevan by satellite

Bangladesh

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 12, FM 12, shortwave 2 (one of Bangladesh's two shortwave stations, Bangladesh Betar or Radio Bangladesh, transmits its programs to the world in six languages on four frequencies) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

11 (1997)

Bhutan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

British Indian Ocean Territory

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

China

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 569, FM NA, shortwave 173

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

209 (China Central Television, government-owned; in addition there are 31 provincial TV stations and nearly 3,000 city TV stations) (1997)

Georgia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note 2 national broadcast stations, 3 regional broadcast stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3

India

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 62 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

562 (82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)

Japan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 318, FM 58, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 7,549 (consisting of 6,995 non-government and non-commercial stations, of which 95 are main stations of 1 kW or greater power and 6,900 are low-power stations, and 554 commercial stations of which 113 are main stations and 441 are repeaters);
  • note--in addition, US Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable stations (1997)

Kazakhstan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

20 (of which at least eight are government stations and at least 12 are private stations--seven of those are satellite TV relay stations) (1997)

Korea, North now North Korea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 27, FM 14, shortwave 3

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

38

Korea, South now South Korea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 79, FM 46, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

121 (in addition, there are 850 relay stations and eight-channel American Forces Korea Network) (1997)

Kyrgyzstan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA;
  • note--one state-run radio broadcast station

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997)

Maldives

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Mongolia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are 18 provincial repeaters) (1997)

Nepal

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 88, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

6 (1998 est.)

Pakistan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 26, FM 3, shortwave 18 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 22 (in addition, there are seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Russia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note--there are about 1,050 (including AM, FM, and shortwave) radio broadcast stations throughout the country

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

11,000 (1996 est.)

Sri Lanka

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 21 (19 network stations, two low-power stations) (1997)

Tajikistan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

1 state-owned radio broadcast station of NA type

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997)

Turkmenistan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

1 state-owned radio broadcast station of NA type

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (much programming relayed from Russia and Turkey) (1997)

Uzbekistan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note--there are 12 radio broadcast stations including one state-owned broadcast station of NA type and four independent stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (in addition, there are two repeater stations that relay Russian ORT programs and Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tadzhik programs) (1997)

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Antigua and Barbuda

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (repeater transmitters for Deutsche Welle and BBC world broadcasts) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Aruba

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Barbados

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are two cable channels) (1997)

Belize

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1 (Voice of America relay station), FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

British Virgin Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there is one cable company) (1997)

Cayman Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 4 (the four stations have a total of six frequencies), shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Costa Rica

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 6 (in addition, there are 11 repeaters) (1997)

Cuba

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 150, FM 5, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

58 (1997)

Dominica

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 0 (there is one cable television company) (1997)

Dominican Republic

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 120, FM 0, shortwave 6

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

25 (1997)

El Salvador

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 18, FM 80, shortwave 2

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

5 (1997)

Grenada

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Guadeloupe

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 8 (private stations licensed to broadcast FM 30), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 5 (in addition, there are several low-power repeaters) (1997)

Guatemala

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 15

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 6 (in addition, there are 17 repeaters) (1997)

Haiti

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 33, FM 0, shortwave 2

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (in addition, there is a cable TV station) (1997)

Honduras

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 176, FM 0, shortwave 7

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 11 (in addition, there are 17 repeaters) (1997)

Jamaica

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1997)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

7 (1997)

Martinique

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 11 (in addition, there are nine repeaters) (1997)

Montserrat

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Netherlands Antilles

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (in addition, there is a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks) (1997)

Nicaragua

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 45, FM 0, shortwave 3

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (in addition, there are seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Panama

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 9 (in addition, there are 17 repeaters) (1997)

Puerto Rico

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 50, FM 63, shortwave 0

note: there were 118 radio stations in 1995

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

18 (in addition, there are three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service) (1997)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are three repeaters) (1997)

Saint Lucia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (of which two are commercial (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are three repeaters) (1997)

Trinidad and Tobago

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 10, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (1997)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is established) (1997)

Virgin Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 0 (1988)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Europe

46 entries

Albania

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 4 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

13 (1997)

Andorra

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Austria

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 61 (several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (Austria's single shortwave station, Radio Austria International, transmits its programs to the world in six languages using 12 frequencies and six communication satellite relays) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 51 (in addition, there are 920 repeaters) (1998)

Belarus

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 28, FM 37, shortwave 11

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 17 (1997);
  • note--Belarus has a state-run television broadcasting network;
  • independent local television stations exist

Belgium

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 77, shortwave 1 (Belgium's single shortwave station, Radio Vlaanderen Internationaal, transmits its programs internationally in Dutch, English, French, and German, using 21 shortwave frequencies)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

24 (in addition, there are Dutch programs on cable, TV-5 Europe by satellite relay, and American Forces Network by relay from Germany) (1997)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

21 (1997)

Bulgaria

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 24, FM 93, shortwave 2 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

33 (in addition, there are two relays of Russian program OK-1 and two relays of TV-5 Europe) (1997)

Croatia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 18 (in addition, there are 145 repeaters) (1997)

Czech Republic now Czechia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

67 (in addition, there are 35 low-power stations and about 51 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Denmark

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

78 (of which 35 are low-power stations; in addition, there are 51 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Estonia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • 27 commercial broadcast stations, 1 government broadcast station (1997);
  • note--by law 51% of shows must be produced within the EU;
  • equal air time must be given to all candidates during elections by public and private stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 7 (1997);
  • note--Ministry of Culture administers television licensing;
  • mainly Estonian, European, and Russian programming;
  • by law 51% of shows must be produced within the EU;
  • equal air time must be given to all candidates during elections by public and private stations

Faroe Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 13), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (in addition, there are 29 low-power repeaters; satellite relays of MTV Europe, BBC World, and Scansat TV3 Eurosport are also available) (1997)

Finland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 6, FM 105, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 120 (in addition, there are 431 low-power repeaters) (1997)

France

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 41, FM 800 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 310 (in addition, there are about 1,400 repeaters) (1997)

Germany

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 77, FM 1,621, shortwave 37, digital audio broadcasting 130

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

9,513 (including repeaters)

Gibraltar

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (in addition, there are 3 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Greece

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 29, FM 17 (repeaters 20), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

64 (in addition, there are about 1,000 low-power repeaters and two stations in the US armed forces network) (1997)

Guernsey

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Holy See (Vatican City)

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1996)

Hungary

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 32, FM 15, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 39 (in addition, there are low-power stations) (1997)

Ireland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 10 (in addition, there are 36 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 0 (receives broadcasts from the UK) (1997)

Italy

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 135, FM 28 (repeaters 1,840), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

6,317 (consisting of 117 public stations with two kW of power or more, about 5,300 low-power public stations, and about 900 low-power private stations, mostly in local service) (1997)

Jersey

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Latvia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA;
  • note--there are 25 stations of unknown type;
  • 75% of commercial broadcasts must be in the Latvian language;
  • remainder mostly in Russian and European languages

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

30 (origin of TV broadcasts must be 40% Latvian and 40% other European languages)

Liechtenstein

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

1 broadcast station in Triesen

note: linked to Swiss networks

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)

Lithuania

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 13, FM 26, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3

Luxembourg

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 0, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

5 (1997)

Malta

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Moldova

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 4, FM 8, shortwave NA (1999)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 national station, 3 private stations, 15 small local stations outside Chisinau (1998)

Monaco

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

5 (1997)

Netherlands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3 (relays 3), FM 12 (repeaters 39), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 15 (in addition, there are five low-power repeaters) (1997)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of now North Macedonia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 136 (of which 22 are main stations and 114 are low-power stations) (1997)

Norway

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

209 (1997)

Poland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 27, FM 75, shortwave 1 (1994 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

150 (1997)

Portugal

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 36 (in addition, there are 62 repeaters) (1997)

Romania

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0

note: in 1995, 135 local radio stations were registered

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 130 (in addition, there are about 400 low-power repeaters) (1997)

San Marino

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)

Serbia and Montenegro

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

27 (public or state-owned 1, private 26)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

more than 771 (consisting of 86 strong stations, 685 low-power stations, and 20 repeaters in the principal networks; there are also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)

Slovakia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note--there are 22 private broadcast stations and two public (state) broadcast stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

41 (1997)

Slovenia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0

note: there are more than 20 regional and local radio broadcast stations

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

23 (consisting of 20 network stations and three private stations; there are also about 400 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Spain

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 190, FM 406 (repeaters 134), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

542 (382 network stations, 160 low-power stations, and one US Air Force Europe station) (1997)

Sweden

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 360 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

163 (1997)

Switzerland

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 1 (1997)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

108 (1997)

Ukraine

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note--at least 25 local broadcast stations of NA type (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

at least 33 (in addition 21 repeater stations that relay ORT broadcasts from Russia) (1997)

United Kingdom

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 225, FM 525 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 78 (in addition, there are 869 repeaters) (1997)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (1997)

Cyprus

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

Greek Cypriot area:
AM 4, FM 36,
shortwave 1, Turkish Cypriot area:
AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

Greek Cypriot area:
7 (in addition, there are 35 low-power repeaters) (1997); Turkish Cypriot
area:
3 (in addition, there are 4 repeaters) (1997)

Gaza Strip

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (operated by the Palestinian Broadcasting Corp.) (1997)

Iran

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 72, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

28 (in addition, there are 450 low-power repeaters, all government controlled) (1997)

Iraq

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 16, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 13 (government controlled) (1997)

Israel

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 24 (in addition, there are 31 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Jordan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 6, FM 7, shortwave 1 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

8 (in addition, there are approximately 42 repeaters and 1 TV receive-only satellite link) (1997)

Kuwait

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 13 (in addition, there are several satellite channels) (1997)

Lebanon

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 1

note: government is licensing a limited number of the more than 100 AM and FM stations operated sporadically by various factions that sprang up during the civil war

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

28 (1997)

Oman

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 13 (in addition, there are 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Qatar

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (in addition, there are three repeaters) (1997)

Saudi Arabia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 43, FM 13, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

117 (1997)

Syria

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 9, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 54 (of which 36 are low-power stations and repeaters) (1997)

Turkey now Turkiye

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

note: there are 36 national broadcast stations, 108 regional broadcast stations, and 1,058 local broadcast stations (1996)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 69 (in addition, there are 476 low-power repeaters) (1997)

United Arab Emirates

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 8, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

15 (1997)

West Bank

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Yemen

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 7 (in addition, there are several low-power repeaters) (1997)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (1997)

Canada

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 334, FM 35, shortwave 7 (one of the shortwave stations, Radio Canada International, has six transmitters, 48 frequencies, and broadcasts in seven languages; the transmissions are relayed by repeaters in Europe and Asia) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 80 (in addition, there are many repeaters) (1997)

Mexico

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 824 (1999 est.), FM 500 (1998 est.), shortwave 19 (1999 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 236 (not including repeaters) (1997)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)

United States

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4,987, FM 4,932, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

more than 1,500 (including nearly 1,000 stations affiliated with the five major networks--NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, and PBS; in addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems) (1997)

Oceania

27 entries

American Samoa

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Australia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 262, FM 345, shortwave 1 (Australia's only shortwave station, Radio Australia, broadcasts to the world in seven languages, using 23 frequencies) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 104 (64 of these stations are government-owned and 40 are commercial) (1997)

Cook Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (in addition, eight low-power repeaters provide good coverage on the island of Rarotonga) (1997)

Fiji

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 7, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0

French Polynesia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 7 (in addition, there are 17 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Guam

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

5 (1997)

Johnston Atoll

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM 5 channels; also 1 local volunteer FM radio station;, shortwave NA;

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • commercial satellite television system, with 16 channels (1997)

Kiribati

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Marshall Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (of which one is an independent station and two are US military stations) (1997)

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Nauru

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

New Caledonia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 6 (in addition, there are 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)

New Zealand

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 64, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

41 (in addition, there are 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)

Niue

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1987 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Norfolk Island

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (local programming station; in addition, there are two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)

Northern Mariana Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 3

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable stations on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997)

Palau

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Papua New Guinea

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 31, FM 2, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

3 (1997)

Pitcairn Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Samoa

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

6 (1997)

Solomon Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Tokelau

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM NA,
  • FM NA,
  • shortwave NA

note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of NA type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • NA (1997)

Tonga

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Tuvalu

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Vanuatu

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 (1997)

Wake Atoll now Wake Island

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA

note: Armed Forces Radio/Television Service (AFRTS) radio service provided by satellite

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Wallis and Futuna

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

South America

14 entries

Argentina

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 260 (including 10 inactive stations), FM NA (probably more than 1,000, mostly unlicensed), shortwave 6 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 42 (in addition, there are 444 repeaters) (1997)

Bolivia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 177, FM 68, shortwave 112 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

48 (1997)

Brazil

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1,627, FM 251, shortwave 114 (of which 91 are associated with AM stations) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

138 (1997)

Chile

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 180 (eight inactive), FM 64, shortwave 17 (one inactive) (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 63 (in addition, there are 121 repeaters) (1997)

Colombia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 463, FM 35, shortwave 45 (1998 est.)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 60 (includes seven low-power stations) (1997)

Ecuador

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 272, FM 0, shortwave 39

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 15 (including one station on the Galapagos Islands) (1997)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

1 (government operated)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997)

French Guiana

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (in addition, there are eight low-power repeaters) (1997)

Guyana

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 1 public station; two private stations relay US satellite services (1997)

Paraguay

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 40, FM 0, shortwave 7

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

10 (1997)

Peru

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 13 (in addition, there are 112 repeaters) (1997)

Suriname

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 5, FM 32, shortwave 1

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 3 (in addition, there are seven repeaters) (1997)

Uruguay

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 72, FM 0, shortwave 28

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

26 (in addition, there are ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo station) (1997)

Venezuela

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 181, FM 0, shortwave 26

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 66 (in addition, there are 45 repeaters) (1997)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1997)

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

2 (1998 est.)

Cambodia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

1 government-operated station and four commercial stations broadcasting to Phnom Penh and major provincial cities via relay (1998)

Christmas Island

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • NA (1997)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

0 (1997)

Hong Kong

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 4 (in addition, there are two repeaters) (1997)

Indonesia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 618, FM 38, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 41 (of which 18 are government-owned and 23 are commercial) (1997)

Laos

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

  • AM 9, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (1997)

Macau

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)

Malaysia

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 28, FM 3, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

27 (of which 26 are government-owned and one is independent and has 15 high-power repeater stations to relay its programs) (1997)

Philippines

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 261, FM 55, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 37 (includes six stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and TV Service) (1997)

Singapore

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

4 (1997)

Taiwan

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 158, FM 48, shortwave 21

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 29 (in addition, there are two repeaters) (1997)

Thailand

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM 200 (in government-controlled network), FM 100 (in government-controlled network), shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

  • 5 (all in Bangkok; in addition, there are 131 repeaters) (1997)

Vietnam

Published as “Radio broadcast stations”

AM NA, FM 228, shortwave 0

Published as “Television broadcast stations”

NA

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1999, “Broadcast media”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/broadcast-media/1999.

How to cite