Broadcast media In 31 editions of 36.

• Radio Algérienne is the state-run radio broadcast;
• the National Company of Television (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision (ENTV)) is the primary state-run public TV station (2024)

• state-owned media dominate;
• only four privately owned newspapers still exist in print form;
• state-run Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) is the only outlet to offer programs in local languages such as Bantu;
• private stations operate in cities, including Catholic Radio Ecclesia, but RNA is the only radio broadcaster with near-national coverage (2023)

• state-run Office de Radiodiffusion et de Télévision du Benin (ORTB) operates a TV station with a wide broadcast reach;
• several privately owned TV stations broadcast from Cotonou;
• satellite TV subscription service is available;
• state-owned radio, under ORTB control, includes a national station supplemented by a number of regional stations;
• substantial number of privately owned radio stations;
• transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available on FM in Cotonou (2019)

• 2 TV stations, 1 state-owned and 1 privately owned;
• privately owned satellite TV subscription service is available;
• 2 state-owned national radio stations;
• 4 privately owned radio stations broadcast locally (2019)

• 14 digital TV channels, of which 2 are state-owned;
• over 140 national radio stations (commercial, religious, community), including a national and regional state-owned network;
• state-owned Radio Burkina and private Radio Omega are among the most widely available and broadcast in both French and local languages (2019)

• state-controlled Radio Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates a TV station and a national radio network;
• 3 private TV stations and about 10 privately owned radio stations;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2019)

• state-run TV and radio network, plus a growing number of private broadcasters;
• Portuguese public TV and radio services for Africa are available;
• transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available (2019)

• government maintains tight control over broadcast media;
• state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), with both TV and radio broadcasts, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until 2007, when the government issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster;
• about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operate under “administrative tolerance,” meaning the stations could be subject to closure at any time (2023)

• government-owned network, Radiodiffusion Télévision Centrafricaine, provides limited TV broadcasting;
• state-owned radio network is supplemented by a small number of privately owned broadcast stations, as well as a few community radio stations;
• transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available (2017)

• 1 state-owned TV station;
• 2 privately-owned TV stations;
• state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations;
• over 10 private radio stations;
• some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2017)

• national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government;
• national state-owned radio;
• regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station;
• a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV

• state-owned TV station with near-national coverage;
• more than a dozen privately owned TV stations, including 2 with near-national coverage;
• 2 state-owned radio stations and over 100 private radio stations;
• transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are available

• 1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations;
• several privately owned TV and radio stations;
• satellite TV service is available;
• rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available

• state-controlled Radiodiffusion Télévision Ivoirienne (RTI) is made up of 2 radio stations (Radio Cote d'Ivoire and Fréquence2) and 2 TV stations (RTI1 and RTI2) with nationwide coverage, broadcasting mainly in French;
• 178 proximity radio stations, 16 religious radio stations, 5 commercial radio stations, and 5 international radio stations;
• government now runs radio station UNOCIFM, previously owned by the UN Operation in Cote d'Ivoire;
• in 2016, 4 media companies were granted licenses: Live TV, Optimum Media Cote d'Ivoire, the Audiovisual Company of Cote d'Ivoire (Sedaci), and Sorano-CI (2019)

• state-owned Radiodiffusion-Télévision de Djibouti operates the sole terrestrial TV station, as well as the 2 domestic radio networks;
• no private TV or radio stations;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2019)

• mix of state-run and private broadcast media;
• state-run TV operates 2 national and 6 regional terrestrial networks, as well as a few satellite channels;
• dozens of private satellite channels and a large number of Arabic satellite channels are available for free;
• some limited satellite services are also available via subscription;
• state-run radio operates about 30 stations belonging to 8 networks;
• privately-owned radio includes 8 major stations (2019)

• the state maintains control of broadcast media;
• 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son;
• satellite TV service is available;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are generally accessible (2019)

• government controls broadcast media, with private ownership prohibited;
• 1 state-owned TV station;
• 2 state-owned radio networks;
• purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted (2023)

• 1 state-owned TV station;
• satellite dishes can access South African providers;
• state-owned radio network with 3 channels;
• 1 private radio station (2019)

• 10 public/state broadcasters;
• 9 public/state radio stations;
• 13 commercial FM radio stations;
• 18 commercial TV stations;
• 45 community radio stations;
• 5 community TV stations (2023)

• 2 state-run TV stations and 2 state-run radio stations;
• a few private radio and TV stations;
• transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible;
• satellite service subscriptions are available

• 1 state-run TV-channel;
• one privately owned TV station;
• 1 online TV station;
• 3 state-owned and 31 privately owned radio stations;
• 8 community radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available;
• cable and satellite TV subscription services in some parts of the country (2019)

• state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks;
• several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible;
• several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable

• government maintains control over broadcast media;
• single state-run TV station;
• state-run radio also operates several stations in rural areas;
• a dozen private TV stations;
• many privately owned radio stations, nearly all in Conakry, and about a dozen community radio stations;
• foreign TV programming available via satellite and cable subscription services (2022)

• 1 state-owned TV station, Televisao da Guine-Bissau (TGB) and a second station, Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP) Africa, operated by Portuguese public broadcaster (RTP);
• 1 state-owned radio station, several private radio stations, and some community radio stations;
• multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

• about a half-dozen large, privately owned media companies with TV and radio stations, as well as a state-owned TV broadcaster, provide service nationwide;
• satellite and cable TV subscription services available;
• state-owned radio broadcaster operates 2 national radio channels and provides regional and local radio services in multiple languages;
• many private radio stations broadcast nationally, with over 100 private and non-profit regional stations broadcasting in local languages;
• TV transmissions of all major international broadcasters available, mostly via paid subscriptions (2019)

• 1 state-owned TV station and 2 state-owned radio stations;
• most private broadcast media transmitters are connected to government radio signal towers;
• satellite TV subscription service available;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters obtainable (2019)

• 8 private and 1 state-owned TV station;
• satellite TV service available;
• 1 state-owned radio station;
• about 20 independent radio stations broadcasting in Monrovia, with about 80 more local stations operating in other areas;
• transmissions of 4 international broadcasters are available (2019)

• state-funded and private TV stations;
• some provinces operate local TV stations;
• pan-Arab satellite TV stations are available;
• state-funded radio (2019)

• state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach;
• privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns;
• state-run radio dominates in rural areas;
• relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2019)

• radio is the main broadcast medium;
• privately owned Zodiak radio has the widest national reach, followed by state-run radio;
• numerous private and community radio stations broadcast in cities and towns;
• the largest TV network is state-owned, but at least 4 private TV networks broadcast in urban areas;
• relays of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

• national public TV broadcaster;
• 2 privately owned companies provide subscription services to foreign multi-channel TV packages;
• national public radio broadcaster supplemented by a large number of privately owned and community broadcast stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

• 12 TV stations, 6 state-owned and 6 private;
• 19 radio broadcasters, including 15 state-owned and 4 (Radio Nouakchott Libre, Radio Tenwir, Radio Kobeni and Mauritanid) private;
• of the 15 government stations, 4 broadcast from Nouakchott (Radio Mauritanie, Radio Jeunesse, Radio Koran and Mauritanid) and the other 12 broadcast from each of the 12 regions outside Nouakchott (2022)

• the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) is the national public TV and radio broadcaster, with programming in French, English, Hindi, Creole, and Chinese;
• MBC provides 17 television channels in Mauritius;
• 9 FM radio stations and 2 AM radio stations (2022)

• 2 TV broadcast networks with state-run Radio-Television Marocaine (RTM) operating one network and the state partially owning the other;
• foreign TV is available via satellite dish;
• 3 radio broadcast networks, with RTM operating one;
• the state-owned network includes 10 regional radio channels in addition to its national service (2019)

• 1 state-run TV station supplemented by a private TV station;
• Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available;
• state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages;
• a number of privately owned and community-operated stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

• 1 private and 1 state-run TV station;
• satellite and cable TV service available;
• state-run radio broadcasts in multiple languages;
• about a dozen private radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available

• state-run TV station;
• 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming;
• state-run radio has the only radio station with national coverage;
• about 30 private local radio stations;
• as many as 100 community radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available

• nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations;
• all 36 states operate TV stations;
• several private TV stations;
• cable and satellite TV subscription services are available;
• network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations;
• roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations;
• about 20 private radio stations;
• transmissions of international broadcasters are available;
• transition to digital completed in three states in 2018 (2019)

• 13 TV stations;
• 35 radio stations, including international broadcasters;
• government owns most popular TV and radio stations;
• regional satellite-based TV available

Saint Helena :

• no local TV station;
• 2 local radio stations, one of which is relayed to Ascension Island;
• satellite TV stations rebroadcast terrestrially

Ascension Island :

• no local TV station;
• 1 local radio station and receives relays of broadcasts from radio station on Saint Helena;
• broadcasts from the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) available, as well as US military TV

Tristan da Cunha :

1 local radio station and receives BFBS TV and radio broadcasts

• 1 state-owned TV station;
• 2 state-owned radio stations;
• 7 independent local radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available

• over 25 private TV stations;
• state-run Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS) broadcasts from five cities;
• wide range of independent TV available via satellite;
• hundreds of radio stations;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar

• state-run national broadcaster Seychelles Broadcasting Corporation (SBC) has the only terrestrial TV station, which also airs broadcasts from international services;
• privately owned Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) channel;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV available through 2 providers;
• SBC operates 1 AM and 1 FM radio station;
• 2 privately operated radio stations;
• transmissions of 2 international broadcasters available in Victoria (2019)

• 1 state-owned TV station;
• 3 private TV stations;
• 1 pay-TV service;
• 1 state-owned national radio station;
• about 24 private radio stations;
• transmissions of several international broadcasters available (2019)

• 2 private TV stations rebroadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN;
• 1 state-operated TV station and 1 private TV station;
• state-operated Radio Mogadishu;
• 1 SW and roughly 10 private FM radio stations in Mogadishu;
• several radio stations in central and southern regions;
• transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters available (2019)

• the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) operates 6 free-to-air TV stations;
• 1 private TV station;
• multiple subscription TV services with mix of local and international channels;
• mix of public and private radio stations at the national, regional, and local levels;
• state-owned SABC radio network has 18 stations, including one for each of the 11 official languages, 4 community stations, and 3 commercial stations;
• over 100 community stations with rural coverage

• 1 state-controlled TV channel and radio station;
• several community and commercial FM stations, mostly sponsored by outside aid donors;
• some foreign radio broadcasts available (2019)

• state-owned broadcasters that self-censor but are somewhat independent (2022)

• about 45 TV stations, with 13 national that broadcast free-to-air TV;
• 196 radio stations, most operating at the district level, but also including 5 independent national stations and 1 state-owned national radio station;
• international broadcasts widely available through satellite TV;
• 3 major satellite TV providers (2020)

• 1 state-owned TV station with multiple transmission sites;
• five private local TV stations;
• cable TV available;
• state-owned radio network with two stations;
• several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)

• 2 state-owned TV stations;
• 10 private local TV stations;
• satellite TV service available;
• state-owned radio network with 2 stations;
• several dozen private radio stations and community radio stations;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)

• public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks;
• 31 Free-To-Air (FTA) TV stations, 2 digital terrestrial TV stations, 3 cable TV stations, and 5 digital satellite TV stations;
• 258 FM stations

• 47 state-controlled and private TV stations;
• state-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) has 2 TV channels, controls 1, and owns shares in 2 more;
• 137 radio stations, with 133 private and 4 state-owned (2019)

• government owns all local radio and TV stations;
• foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV available;
• in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited;
• analog TV only, no digital service (2017)

• Greenland Broadcasting Company provides public radio and TV, with a broadcast station and a series of repeaters;
• a few private local TV and radio stations;
• Danish public radio rebroadcasts are available (2019)

• state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally;
• every household is required to have RUV, which doubles as the emergency broadcast network;
• 3 privately owned TV stations;
• 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections;
• RUV operates 3 national and 4 regional radio stations;
• 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), broadcasts nationwide;
• over 20 regional radio stations (2019)

a coastal radio station has been remotely operated since 1994

Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) provides TV transmission to Svalbard via satellite; access to 3 NRK radio stations and 2 TV stations

• under the Taliban, independent media outlets have decreased and are probably self-censoring;
• the Ministry of Information and Culture monitors all mass media;
• television and radio are key media platforms;
• only about a fifth of Afghans use the internet, mostly through smartphones (2023)

• government-run Public Television network operates alongside 100 privately owned TV stations that provide local to near-nationwide coverage;
• three Russian TV companies are broadcast under interstate agreements;
• subscription cable TV services are available in most regions;
• several major international broadcasters are available, including CNN;
• Armenian TV completed conversion from analog to digital broadcasting in 2016;
• Public Radio of Armenia is a national, state-run broadcast network that operates alongside 18 privately owned radio stations (2024)

• TV is the most popular medium;
• many homes are hooked up to satellite;
• all Azerbaijan-based channels promote government positions;
• state-owned AzTV runs three national channels, and state-funded iTV is a national public service broadcaster;
• 4 national privately-owned stations;
• Turkish, Russian, and western TV is available on cable;
• analog terrestrial TV was phased out in 2016-17;
• radio outlets focus on entertainment, with around a dozen stations on FM in Baku;
• newspaper distribution is largely limited to Baku (2023)

• state-owned Bangladesh Television (BTV) broadcasts nationally;
• some channels operate via satellite;
• the government also owns a medium-wave radio channel and some private FM radio news channels;
• of the 41 approved TV stations, 26 are currently being used to broadcast, and 23 operate under private management via cable distribution

• state-owned TV station established in 1999;
• cable TV service offers dozens of Indian and other international channels;
• first radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned;
• 5 private radio stations are currently broadcasting (2012)

Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) broadcasts over 3 frequencies for US and UK military personnel stationed on the islands

• all broadcast media are owned by, or affiliated with, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) or a government agency;
• no privately owned TV or radio stations;
• state-run Chinese Central TV, provincial, and municipal stations offer more than 2,000 channels;
• the Central Propaganda Department and local (provincial, municipal) officials direct news reporting and approve all programming;
• foreign-made TV programs must be approved/censored prior to broadcast;
• widespread use of online platforms (Bilibili, Tencent Video, iQiyi, etc) to access domestic and international films and TV shows;
• Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) regulates video platforms (2022)

• state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV;
• independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language);
• Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets;
• Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity;
• 26 regional TV broadcasters;
• TV shifted to digital in 2015;
• several dozen private radio stations;
• GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)

• Doordarshan, India's public TV network, has a monopoly on terrestrial broadcasting and operates about 20 national, regional, and local services;
• a large number of privately owned TV stations are distributed by cable and satellite service providers;
• cable and satellite TV offer over 850 TV channels;
• government controls AM radio, with All India Radio operating domestic and external networks;
• news broadcasts via radio are limited to the All India Radio Network;
• since 2000, privately owned FM stations have been permitted and have increased rapidly (2020)

• a mix of public and commercial TV and radio stations;
• 5 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster;
• large number of radio and TV stations;
• satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2023)

• the state owns nearly all radio and TV transmission facilities and operates national TV and radio networks;
• there are 96 TV channels, and 4 state-run radio stations;
• some former state-owned media outlets have been privatized;
• households with satellite dishes have access to foreign media;
• small number of commercial radio stations;
• all media outlets have to register with the government (2018)

• no independent media;
• radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations;
• 4 state-owned TV stations;
• the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast service;
• the government prohibits listening to and jams foreign broadcasts (2019)

• multiple national TV networks, with 2 of the 3 largest networks publicly operated;
• the largest privately owned network, Seoul Broadcasting Service (SBS), has ties with other commercial TV networks;
• cable and satellite TV subscription services available;
• publicly operated radio broadcast networks and many privately owned radio broadcasting networks, each with multiple affiliates, and independent local stations

• state-funded public TV broadcaster NTRK operates Ala-Too 24 news channel and 4 other educational, cultural, and sports channels;
• ELTR is a state-owned TV station;
• the switchover to digital TV in 2017 resulted in private TV station growth;
• approximately 20 TV stations are struggling to increase Kyrgyz-language content to 60% of airtime, as required by law, instead of rebroadcasting programs from Russian channels or airing unlicensed movies and music;
• several Russian TV stations also broadcast;
• state-funded radio stations and about 10 significant private radio stations (2023)

• formerly a state-owned radio and TV monopoly;
• now 4 state-operated and 7 privately owned TV stations;
• 4 state-operated and 7 privately owned radio stations (2019)

• state-run radio and TV provider is now a public-service provider;
• also available are 68 radio and 160 TV stations, including multi-channel satellite and cable TV providers;
• transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2019)

• state operates 3 TV stations, as well as national and regional radio stations;
• 117 television channels are licensed, 71 of which are cable TV, 3 are distributed through Direct-To-Home (DTH) system, and 4 are digital terrestrial;
• 736 FM radio stations are licensed, and at least 314 of those are community stations (2019)

• 120 satellite TV stations;
• 42 media companies/channels;
• state-run Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) is the largest TV network, serves over 85 percent of the population with 9 TV channels;
• over 100 private cable and satellite channels;
• state-owned Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC or Radio Pakistan) has the largest radio audience, particularly in rural areas, with AM/SW/FM stations covering most of the country (2022)

• 13 national TV stations: the federal government owns 1 and controls a second, state-owned Gazprom controls 2, state-affiliated Bank Rossiya controls 2, Moscow city administration runs 1, the Russian Orthodox Church owns 1, and the Russian military owns 1;
• around 3,300 national, regional, and local TV stations, with over two-thirds completely or partially state-controlled;
• satellite TV available;
• 2 state-run national radio networks, with a third majority-owned by Gazprom;
• around 2,400 public and commercial radio stations

• government operates 5 TV channels and 19 radio channels;
• multi-channel satellite and cable TV subscription services available;
• 25 private TV stations and about 43 radio stations;
• 6 non-profit TV stations and 4 radio stations

• state-run broadcaster has 9 national TV and 10 radio stations, and 4 regional stations;
• 31 independent TV and 20 independent radio stations broadcast locally and regionally;
• Russian and other foreign stations available via cable and satellite (2016)

• state-controlled broadcast media;
• 7 state-owned TV and 4 state-owned radio networks;
• satellite dishes available for other broadcasts;
• officials sometimes limit access to satellite TV by removing satellite dishes

• state-controlled media;
• 17 state-owned broadcasters, including 13 TV and 4 radio, with national service;
• about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast locally;
• privately owned TV stations required to lease transmitters from state-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation (2019)

• 1 private TV station;
• multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available;
• about 10 radio stations, one of which is government-owned (2024)

• state-controlled Antigua and Barbuda Broadcasting Service (ABS) operates 1 TV station;
• multi-channel cable TV subscription services are available;
• ABS operates 1 radio station;
• roughly 20 radio stations (2024)

• freedom of the press respected, as guaranteed under Dutch law;
• newspapers are in the Papiamento language;
• 2 commercial TV stations, with a cable TV subscription service providing access to foreign channels;
• wide range of commercial radio stations available (2023)

• 4 major TV providers;
• 1 TV station is operated by government-owned, commercially run Broadcasting Corporation of the Bahamas (BCB) and competes with 4 privately owned TV stations;
• multi-channel cable TV subscription service is widely available;
• 32 licensed broadcast (radio) service providers, with 31 privately owned FM radio stations;
• the BCB operates a multi-channel radio network with national coverage;
• the sector is regulated by the Utilities Regulation and Competition Authority (2019)

• government-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) operates the lone terrestrial TV station;
• CBC also has a multi-channel cable TV subscription service;
• roughly a dozen CBC-operated radio stations operate alongside privately owned radio stations (2019)

• 8 privately owned TV stations;
• multi-channel cable TV provides access to foreign stations;
• about 25 radio stations broadcasting on roughly 50 different frequencies;
• state-run radio was privatized in 1998 (2019)

• 1 private TV station;
• multi-channel TV is available from cable and satellite subscription services;
• about a half-dozen private radio stations

• 4 TV stations;
• cable and satellite subscription services offer international programming;
• government-owned Radio Cayman operates 2 networks broadcasting on 5 stations;
• 10 privately owned radio stations operate alongside Radio Cayman

• over two dozen privately owned TV stations and 1 publicly owned TV station;
• cable network services are widely available;
• more than 100 privately owned radio stations and a public radio network (2022)

government owns and controls all broadcast media:

• 8 national TV channels (Cubavision, Cubavision Plus, Tele Rebelde, Multivision, Educational Channel 1 and 2, Canal Clave, Canal Habana), 2 international channels (Cubavision Internacional and Canal Caribe), multiple regional TV stations, 7 national radio networks, and multiple regional radio stations;
• the government uses the Radio-TV Marti signal;
• private ownership of electronic media is officially prohibited, with several online independent news sites tolerated but blocked if critical of the government;
• YouTube popular;
• Christian denominations create original video content to distribute via social media (2023)

government-run TeleCuracao operates a TV station and a radio station; 2 other privately owned TV stations and several privately owned radio stations (2019)

• no terrestrial TV service;
• subscription cable TV provider offers some locally produced programming, plus channels from the US, Latin America, and the Caribbean;
• state-operated radio broadcasts on 6 stations;
• privately owned radio broadcasts on about 15 stations (2019)

• combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media;
• 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks;
• networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country;
• over 300 state-owned and privately owned radio stations (2019)

• multiple privately owned national terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels;
• hundreds of commercial radio stations and 2 government-owned radio stations;
• transition to digital transmission was set to begin in 2018, along with adoption of the Japanese-Brazilian Digital Standard (ISDB-T) (2022)

• multiple publicly and privately owned TV and radio stations;
• state-owned Grenada Information Service (GIS) provides TV and radio;
• the Grenada Broadcasting Network, jointly owned by the government and the Caribbean Communications Network of Trinidad and Tobago, operates a TV station and 2 radio stations;
• multi-channel cable TV subscription service is provided by Columbus Communications Grenada (FLOW GRENADA);
• approximately 25 private radio stations (2019)

• 4 privately owned national terrestrial TV channels dominate TV broadcasting;
• multi-channel satellite and cable services are available;
• 1 government-owned radio station and hundreds of privately owned radio stations (2019)

• 398 legal broadcasting stations, including about 60 community radio stations;
• 105 TV stations, including 36 in Port-au-Prince, 41 others in the provinces, and more than 40 radio-television stations;
• large number of stations operate irregularly or flout regulations;
• VOA Creole Service broadcasts daily on 30 affiliate stations (2019)

• multiple privately owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks;
• Radio Honduras is the state-owned radio network;
• roughly 300 privately owned radio stations (2019)

3 free-to-air TV stations, subscription cable services, and roughly 30 radio stations (2019)

• Radio Montserrat, a public radio broadcaster, transmits on 1 station and has a repeater transmission to a second station;
• repeater transmissions from the GEM Radio Network of Trinidad and Tobago provide another 2 radio stations;
• cable and satellite TV available (2007)

• multiple terrestrial TV stations, supplemented by cable TV in most urban areas;
• nearly all are state-owned or affiliated;
• more than 300 radio stations, both state-affiliated and privately owned (2019)

• multiple privately owned TV networks and a government-owned educational TV station;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available;
• more than 100 commercial radio stations (2019)

• more than 30 TV stations;
• cable TV subscription services are available;
• roughly 125 radio stations

• 2 local TV broadcasters; 5 FM radio channels (2021)

• national state-operated TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels;
• cable subscription available for local and international channels;
• national state-operated radio network;
• mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters with about 15 radio stations (2019)

• 3 privately owned TV stations;
• 1 public TV station on a cable network;
• multi-channel cable TV service available;
• mix of state-owned and privately owned radio broadcasters with about 25 stations, including repeater transmission stations (2019)

1 local TV station; access to about 20 radio stations, including RFO Guadeloupe radio broadcasts via repeater

• St. Vincent and the Grenadines Broadcasting Corporation operates 1 TV station and 5 repeater stations that provide near total coverage to the multi-island state;
• multi-channel cable TV service available;
• a partially government-funded national radio service broadcasts on 1 station and has 2 repeater stations;
• about a dozen privately owned radio stations and repeater stations

• 6 free-to-air TV networks, 2 of which are state-owned;
• 24 subscription providers (cable and satellite);
• over 36 radio frequencies (2019)

• no local terrestrial TV stations;
• broadcasts from the Bahamas, multi-channel cable, and satellite TV available;
• state-run radio network operates alongside private broadcasters, with a total of about 15 stations

• about a dozen TV stations, including 1 public TV station;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV available;
• 24 radio stations

• over 65 TV stations, including several that broadcast nationally and are sometimes available to neighboring countries;
• many viewers have access to Italian and Greek TV via terrestrial reception;
• TV stations have begun a government-mandated conversion from analog to digital broadcast;
• cable TV service is available;
• 2 public radio networks and roughly 78 private radio stations;
• several international broadcasters are available (2024)

the media scene is partly shaped by the proximity to France and Spain; Andorrans have access to broadcasts from both countries (2023)

• public broadcaster, Oesterreichischer Rundfunk (ORF), is a major player in the TV and radio markets;
• private broadcasters, cable, and satellite TV are available in most homes are widely used;
• some German stations carry programs for Austrian viewers;
• national and regional newspapers compete fiercely for readers;
• the print media are owned by a handful of mostly Austrian and German media groups (2023)

• 7 state-controlled national TV channels;
• Polish and Russian TV broadcasts are available in some areas;
• state-run Belarusian Radio operates 5 national networks and an external service;
• Russian and Polish radio broadcasts are available (2019)

• a segmented market with the three major linguistic communities (Flemish-, French-, and German-speaking) each responsible for their own broadcast media;
• multiple TV channels exist for each community;
• over 90% of households are connected to cable and can access TV broadcasts from neighboring countries;
• each community has a public radio network coexisting with private broadcasters

• 3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Republika Srpska Radio-TV;
• a local commercial network of 5 TV stations;
• 3 private, near-national TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations;
• 3 large public radio broadcasters and many private radio stations (2019)

• 4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned;
• a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers;
• state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks;
• large number of private radio stations, especially in urban areas

• the national state-owned public broadcaster, Croatian Radiotelevision, operates 4 terrestrial TV networks, a satellite channel that rebroadcasts programs for Croatians overseas, and 6 regional TV centers;
• 2 private broadcasters with national terrestrial networks;
• 29 privately owned regional TV stations;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV subscription services are available;
• state-owned public broadcaster operates 4 national radio networks and 23 regional radio stations;
• 2 privately owned national radio networks and 117 local radio stations (2019)

• 22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned;
• publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels;
• over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services;
• 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks;
• publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations;
• both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)

• strong public-sector TV presence, with Danmarks Radio (DR) operating 6 channels and TV2 operating roughly a half-dozen channels;
• private stations are available via satellite and cable feed;
• DR operates 4 FM radio stations, 10 digital audio stations, and 14 web-based radio stations;
• 140 commercial and 187 community (non-commercial) radio stations (2019)

• the publicly owned broadcaster, Eesti Rahvusringhaaling (ERR), operates 3 TV channels and 5 radio networks;
• growing number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting nationally, regionally, and locally;
• fully transitioned to digital television in 2010;
• national private TV channels expanding service, with a range of channels aimed at Russian-speaking viewers;
• in 2016, there were 42 on-demand services available in Estonia, including 19 pay TVOD and SVOD services;
• roughly 85% of households accessed digital television services

• 1 publicly owned TV station;
• the Faroese telecommunications company distributes local and international channels through its digital terrestrial network;
• publicly owned radio station supplemented by 3 privately owned stations broadcasting over multiple frequencies

• 3 publicly operated TV stations and numerous privately owned TV stations;
• several free and special-interest pay-TV channels;
• cable and satellite multi-channel subscription services are available;
• all TV signals are digital;
• 13 national and 25 regional public radio stations;
• a large number of private radio broadcasters

• a mix of both publicly operated and privately owned TV stations;
• state-owned TV stations operate 4 networks and have part-interest in several thematic cable/satellite channels and international channels;
• large number of privately owned regional and local TV stations;
• multi-channel satellite and cable services;
• public broadcaster Radio France operates 7 national networks, a series of regional networks, and services for overseas territories and foreign audiences;
• Radio France Internationale, under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is a leading international broadcaster;
• large number of commercial FM stations

• a mix of publicly operated and privately owned TV and radio stations;
• 70 national and regional public broadcasters compete with nearly 400 privately owned national and regional TV stations;
• more than 90% of households have cable or satellite TV;
• hundreds of radio stations, including national and regional networks and a large number of local stations

• Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) provides TV and radio services via 1 TV station and 4 radio stations;
• British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) operates 1 radio station;
• broadcasts from Spanish radio and TV stations are accessible

• broadcast media dominated by the private sector;
• roughly 150 private TV channels, about 10 of which broadcast nationwide;
• 1 state-owned terrestrial TV channel with national coverage;
• 3 privately owned satellite channels;
• multi-channel satellite and cable TV services available;
• over 1,500 radio stations, all privately owned;
• state-owned broadcaster has 2 national radio stations

• multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney;
• satellite packages are available;
• BBC Radio Guernsey and 1 other radio station

• the Vatican Television Center (CTV) transmits live broadcasts of the Pope's weekly audiences, as well as his public celebrations;
• CTV also produces documentaries;
• Vatican Radio is the official broadcasting service via shortwave, AM, and FM frequencies, as well as satellite and web;
• Vatican News website partners with Vatican Radio and provides Catholic news from the Vatican (2021)

• mixed system of state-supported media and private broadcasters;
• the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters;
• large number of special-interest channels;
• highly developed market for satellite and cable TV with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing the services;
• 4 state-supported radio networks;
• large number of local stations, including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations;
• digital transition completed in 2013 (2019)

• publicly owned broadcaster Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE) operates 4 TV stations;
• commercial TV stations are available;
• about 75% of households use multi-channel satellite and TV services that provide access to a wide range of stations;
• RTE operates 4 national radio stations and has launched digital audio broadcasts on several;
• a number of commercial broadcast stations operate at the national, regional, and local levels (2019)

• national public radio has 3 FM stations and 1 AM station;
• 2 commercial radio broadcasters;
• receives radio and TV services via relays from British TV and radio broadcasters

• two Italian media giants dominate, with 3 national terrestrial stations;
• privately owned companies have 3 national terrestrial stations;
• a large number of private stations, a satellite TV network;
• 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations;
• about 1,300 commercial radio stations

• multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey;
• satellite packages available;
• BBC Radio Jersey and 1 other radio station operating

• several national and regional commercial TV stations are foreign-owned, 2 national TV stations are publicly owned;
• system supplemented by privately owned regional and local TV stations;
• cable and satellite multi-channel TV services with domestic and foreign broadcasts available;
• publicly owned broadcaster operates 4 radio networks with dozens of stations;
• dozens of private broadcasters also operate radio stations

• relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services;
• first Liechtenstein-based TV station established in 2008;
• Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations;
• a Swiss-based broadcaster operates one radio station

• public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007;
• various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels;
• many privately owned local TV stations;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available;
• publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks;
• many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions

• long national tradition of operating radio and TV services for pan-European audiences;
• home to Europe's largest privately owned broadcast media group, the RTL Group, which operates 46 TV stations and 29 radio stations in Europe;
• also home to Europe's largest satellite operator, Société Européenne des Satellites (SES);
• domestically, the RTL Group operates TV and radio networks;
• other domestic private radio and TV operators and French and German stations available;
• satellite and cable TV services available

• 2 publicly owned TV stations, Television Malta and an educational channel;
• several privately owned national television stations, 2 of which are owned by political parties;
• Italian and British broadcast programs are available;
• multi-channel cable and satellite TV services are available;
• publicly owned radio broadcaster operates 3 stations;
• roughly 20 commercial radio stations (2019)

• state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster operates 1 TV and 1 radio station;
• total of nearly 70 terrestrial TV channels and about 50 radio stations;
• Russian and Romanian channels are available (2019)

• TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network;
• cable TV available;
• Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy, with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s;
• other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco

• state-funded national radio and TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks;
• 4 local public TV stations and 14 private TV stations;
• 14 local public radio stations, 35 private radio stations, and several online media (2019)

• more than 90% of households are connected to cable or satellite TV systems with a wide range of domestic and foreign channels;
• public service broadcast system includes multiple broadcasters, 3 with a national reach and the remainder in regional and local markets;
• 2 nationwide commercial TV companies, each with 3 or more stations, and many commercial TV stations in regional and local markets;
• nearly 600 radio stations with a mix of public and private stations

• public TV broadcaster Macedonian Radio and Television operates 5 national terrestrial TV channels and 2 satellite TV channels;
• 11 regional TV stations broadcast nationally;
• 29 regional and local broadcasters;
• a large number of cable operators offer domestic and international programming;
• the public radio broadcaster operates 3 stations;
• 4 privately owned national radio stations and 60 regional and local operators (2023)

• state-owned public radio and TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations;
• roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally, and another 25 locally;
• nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV;
• 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide, with another 240 local stations;
• Norway was the first country to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) (2019)

• state-run public TV operates 2 national channels supplemented by 16 regional and several niche channels;
• privately owned entities operate several national TV networks and some special interest channels;
• many privately owned local channels;
• roughly half of all households are linked to satellite or cable TV systems with access to foreign TV;
• state-run public radio operates 5 national networks and 17 regional stations;
• 2 privately owned national radio networks, several commercial stations, and many privately owned local radio stations (2019)

• Radio e Televisao de Portugal, the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa;
• roughly 40 domestic TV stations;
• widespread access to international broadcasters, with more than half of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems;
• publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services;
• several privately owned national radio stations and about 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

• a mixture of public and private TV stations;
• 7 public (2 national, 5 regional) and 187 private TV stations using terrestrial broadcasting, plus 11 public and 86 private TV stations using satellite broadcasting;
• state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks, as well as regional and local stations;
• 502 private radio stations using terrestrial broadcasting, and 26 using satellite broadcasting

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

• state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), has 2 national TV stations;
• roughly 50 privately owned national, regional, and local TV stations;
• about 40% of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV;
• multiple RTVS national and regional radio networks;
• 32 privately owned radio stations