Illicit drugs In 36 editions of 36.

increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states

transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US

increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe

illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption

• illicit producer of cannabis;
• mostly for local consumption;
• some international drug trade;
• transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US

• a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe and the US;
• popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers;
• large domestic consumption of hashish from Lebanon and Syria

• transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa;
• cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US

• widespread harvesting of small, wild plots of marijuana and qat (chat);
• most locally consumed;
• transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa and onward to Europe and North America;
• Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa

increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine

illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; heroin consumption and transshipment are growing problems

• illicit producer of hashish;
• trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets;
• shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe;
• transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe

• passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa;
• facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America;
• increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American markets

transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

• transshipment center for heroin and cocaine;
• cocaine consumption on the rise;
• world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries;
• illicit cultivation of marijuana

growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for European and US markets

increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers

increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin

• an illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade;
• world's second-largest opium producer after Burma (1,250 metric tons in 1995) and a major source of hashish

illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption;
• limited government eradication program;
• transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for domestic consumption;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

• licit producer of opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets;
• major transit country for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries;
• illicit producer of hashish and methaqualone;
• produced 70 metric tons of illicit opium in 1995

• illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• government eradication program;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• government eradication program;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia

illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for heroin from Southeast Asia to the West

• major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade;
• remains world's fourth largest opium producer (155 metric tons in 1995);
• major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for domestic consumption;
• government has active eradication program;
• used as transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe and Latin America

• illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• limited government eradication program;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• government eradication programs;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

• a long-time but relatively minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe and recent transshipment point for heroin from Europe to the US;
• more significant as a drug money laundering center

major drug money laundering center and minor transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe

transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; also a money-laundering center

one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for the US and Europe

• transshipment point for cocaine;
• an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
• minor money-laundering center

a major money-laundering center for illicit drug profits; transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe

transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots

transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption

produces and exports marijuana for US markets

• transit country for cocaine shipments;
• illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade;
• the government has an active eradication program for cannabis and opium poppy

transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana en route to the US and Europe

transshipment point for narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption

• transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe;
• illicit cultivation of cannabis;
• government has an active cannabis eradication program

transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US

• major cocaine transshipment point and major drug money laundering center;
• minor producer of coca leaf;
• active eradication program

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US

transit country for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe and producer of cannabis

transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium production

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and Eastern Europe

• illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis;
• mostly for the domestic market;
• transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine entering the European market

NA

• important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and,
• to a lesser degree,
• South American cocaine transiting the Balkan route;
• limited producer of precursor chemicals

transit point for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe

• transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe;
• very limited illicit opium producer;
• mostly for domestic consumption

transshipment point for Latin American cocaine for the West European market

transshipment point for South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

• source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors;
• transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine for West European markets

• illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium;
• mostly for domestic consumption;
• serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East;
• transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route

major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals

transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands

important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market

• transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe;
• limited producer of illicit opium;
• mostly for domestic consumption;
• also produces illicit amphetamines for export

• transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe;
• limited producer of illicit opium;
• mostly for domestic consumption

transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe

• illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; European producer of illicit amphetamines and other synthetic drugs

limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market

• illicit producer of opium for domestic consumption and amphetamines for the international market;
• transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe;
• producer of precursor chemicals

important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine transiting the Balkan route

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe

transit point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe

key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin

transshipment point for narcotics shipped via the former Soviet Republics and Baltic states for the European market

money-laundering center; transit country for South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

• illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy;
• mostly for CIS consumption;
• limited government eradication program;
• used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe

• gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market;
• producer of synthetic drugs;
• transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin;
• money-laundering center

transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey, also some cocaine transits en route to Russia

• illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and international drug trade;
• produced 35-70 metric tons in 1993;
• net opiate importer but also a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe

increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse and trafficking

• illicit producer of hashish and heroin for the international drug trade;
• hashish production is shipped to Western Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America;
• a key locus of cocaine processing and trafficking;
• a Lebanese/Syrian 1994 eradication campaign practically eliminated the opium crop and caused a 50% decrease in the cannabis crop

death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin and cocaine

a transit point for Lebanese and Turkish refined cocaine going to Europe and heroin and hashish bound for regional and Western markets

• major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish to Western Europe and the US via air, land, and sea routes;
• major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul;
• laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul;
• government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering center

• illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market;
• use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors;
• growing role as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market

• illicit cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis continues in spite of increasing government eradication;
• major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market;
• continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America;
• increasingly involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamine

• illicit producer of cannabis for domestic consumption with 1987 production estimated at 3,500 metric tons or about 25% of the available marijuana;
• ongoing eradication program aimed at small plots and greenhouses has not reduced production

• Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products;
• government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

increasing use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US

• world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Peru and Colombia) with an estimated 48,600 hectares under cultivation in 1995, a one percent increase in overall cultivation of coca over 1994 levels;
• Bolivia, however, is the second-largest producer of harvested coca leaf;
• even so, voluntary and forced eradication programs resulted in leaf production dropping from 89,800 metric tons in 1994 to 85,000 tons in 1995;
• government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit;
• intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets;
• alternative crop program aims to reduce illicit coca cultivation

• illicit producer of cannabis, coca cultivation in the Amazon region has diminished in recent years because of its low alkaloid content, mostly for domestic consumption;
• government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis;
• important transshipment country for Bolivian and Colombian cocaine headed for the US and Europe

• a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe;
• booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits

• illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis;
• about 50,900 hectares of coca under cultivation in 1995;
• the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine;
• supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets;
• active aerial eradication program seeks to virtually eliminate coca and opium crops by 1997

• significant transit country for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru;
• minor illicit producer of coca;
• importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics;
• important money-laundering hub

small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe

transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transshipment point for Bolivian cocaine headed for Europe and the US

• world's largest coca leaf producer with about 115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1995;
• source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base;
• at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production;
• most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

• illicit producer of cannabis, opium, and coca leaf for the international drug trade on a small scale;
• however, large quantities of cocaine and heroin transit the country from Colombia;
• important money-laundering hub;
• active aerial eradication program primarily targeting opium

• world's largest illicit producer of opium (2,340 metric tons in 1995) and source for over 60% of US heroin imports;
• minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
• Rangoon's antinarcotic programs hindered by lack of resources, government commitment;
• growing role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption

• key transshipment country for Golden Triangle heroin en route to West;
• possibly becoming money-laundering center;
• high-level narcotics-related corruption in government, military, and police;
• possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production;
• large producer of cannabis

• a hub for Southeast Asian heroin trade;
• transshipment and money-laundering center;
• increasing indigenous amphetamine abuse

• illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
• government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers;
• minor role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin

• world's third largest opium producer (180 metric tons from nearly 20,000 hectares in 1995);
• heroin producer;
• increasingly used as transshipment point for heroin produced in Burma;
• illicit producer of cannabis

transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World despite severe penalties for drug trafficking

• illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
• growers are producing more and better quality cannabis despite government eradication efforts;
• transit point for Southwest Asian and Golden Triangle heroin bound for the US

transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World; also a money-laundering center

an important heroin transit point; also a drug money laundering center

• a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana;
• major illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos;
• eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries;
• opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts;
• also a drug money laundering center;
• rapidly growing role in amphetamine production for regional consumption;
• increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine and heroin

• opium producer and increasingly important transit point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe;
• growing opium addiction;
• possible small-scale heroin production