San Marino

Republic of San MarinoRepubblica di San Marino

republicIndependence 3 September AD 301

San Marino as the 2008 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 101 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalSan Marino, UTC+1

Position43 46 N, 12 25 E

Area61.2 sq km

LocationSouthern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Populationas each edition published it

29,973 people July 2008 est. · 23,123 in 1990

Population growth% a year

1.181% 2008 est. · 1.01% in 1993

Median ageyears

41.2 years 2008 est. · 39.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

81.88 years 2008 est. · 81.18 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.35 children per woman 2008 est. · 1.3 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

5.44 deaths per 1,000 live births 2008 est. · 9 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$34,100 2004 est. · $20,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

4.6% 2004 est. · 2.4% in 1995

Introduction

1 field

Background

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy; social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.

Geography

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

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Land useshare of 61.2 sq km

arable land 16.67%permanent crops 0%other 83.33% (2005)

Area

61.2sq km

land: 61.2 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmabout one third times the size of Washington, DC

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Highest point

755m

Monte Titanolowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Land boundaries

39km

border countries: Italy 39 km

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references

Europe

Climate

Mediterranean;
mild to cool winters;
warm, sunny summers

Terrain

rugged mountains

Natural resources

building stone

Irrigated land

Natural hazards

Environment - current issues

Environment - international agreements

party to:: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling
signed, but not ratified:: Air Pollution

Geography - note

landlocked;
smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
dominated by the Apennines

People

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Age structuremale left, female right · (2008 est.)

2,229

65 and over17.2%

2,938

9,464

15-6466%

10,304

2,608

0-1416.8%

2,430

MaleFemale

Population

29,973

(July 2008 est.)growth rate: 1.181% (2008 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2008 est.)

Birth

9.74Death

8.37Net migration

10.44

Male · female(2008 est.)

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years81.88

78.43 · 85.64Infant mortality deaths/1,000 live births5.44

5.86 · 4.98

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy96%

97% · 95%Median age years41.2

40.9 · 41.6

MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 10 and over can read and write

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population:: 0.91 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.35 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS - deaths

Nationality

noun:: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective:: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Languages

Italian

Education expenditures

Government

Republic; Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Captain Regent Assunta MELONI (for the period 1 October-31 March 2009); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)

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Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale, 95 seats, elected 9 November 2008one dot, one seat

Pact for San Marino coalition 35PDCS 22AP 7the Freedom List 4San Marino Union of Moderates 2Reforms and Freedm coalition 25: Party of Socialists and Democrats 18United Left 5Democrats of the Center 2

Country name

conventional long form:: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form:: San Marino
local long form:: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form:: San Marino

Government type

republic

Capital

name:: San Marino
geographic coordinates:: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
time difference:: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Independence

3 September AD 301

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (AD 301)

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system

based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: Co-chiefs of State Captain Regent Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Captain Regent Assunta MELONI (for the period 1 October-31 March 2009)
head of government:: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006)
cabinet:: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections:: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term;
election last held in September 2007 (next to be held in March 2008);
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term;
election last held 27 July 2006 (next to be held by 2011)
election results:: Ernesto BENEDETTINI and Assunta MELONI elected captains regent;
percent of legislative vote - NA;
Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs;
percent of legislative vote - NA

note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (co-chiefs of state) for a six-month period;

they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some prime ministerial roles

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:: last held 9 November 2008 (next to be held by June 2013)
election results:: percent of vote by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 54.2%:
PDCS 31.9%,
AP 11.5%,
Freedom List 6.3%,
San Marino Union of Moderates 4.2%
;
Reforms and Freedom coalition 45.8%;
Party of Socialists and Democrats 32%, United Left 8.6%, Democrats of the Center 4.9%;
seats by party - Pact for San Marino coalition 35;
PDCS 22, AP 7, the Freedom List 4, San Marino Union of Moderates 2;
Reforms and Freedm coalition 25:
Party of Socialists and Democrats 18,
United Left 5,
Democrats of the Center 2

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders

Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI];
Democrats of the Center;
Freedom List;
Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI];
National Alliance or AN [Glauco SANSOVINI];
New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI];
Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI];
San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI];
San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or AP [Roberto GIORGETTI];
San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI];
Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI];
Union of Moderates;
United Left

Political pressure groups and leaders

International organization participation

CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission:: Ambassador Paolo RONDELLI
chancery:: 888 27th Street NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20006
telephone:: 202-337-2260

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Economy

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino.

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GDP, purchasing power parity

$850million

(2004 est.)official exchange rate: $1.048 billion (2004)

GDP per capita, PPP

$34,100

(2004 est.)

Real growth rate

4.6%

(2004 est.)industrial production growth: 5.6% (2005 est.)

Inflation, consumer prices

-1.5%

(2006)

Budget

Revenues

$709.6 millionExpenditures

$672.3 million (2004)

Economy - overview

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2006 more than 2.1 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, clothing and apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture:: NA%
industry:: NA%
services:: NA%

Labor force

20,470 (2004)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture:: 0.2%
industry:: 40.1%
services:: 59.7% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate

3.8% (2004)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

7.58% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money

$1.326 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money

$4.584 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit

$7.513 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Exports

$1.291 billion (2004)

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Imports

$2.035 billion (2004)

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Debt - external

$NA

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Currency (code)

euro (EUR)

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Communications

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Mobile cellular

17,390

(2006)

Internet users

6,665

(2008)

Fixed lines

21,000

(2006) · country code .sm

Telephone system

general assessment:: adequate connections
domestic:: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system;
combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity exceeds 130 telephones per 100 persons
international:: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network