San Marino
Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
independent republicIndependence 3 September 301
San Marino as the 2001 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 104 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.
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Introduction
1 fieldBackground
The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Geography
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
18 fieldsLand use
arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.)
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Geography - note
- landlocked;
- smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
- dominated by the Apennines
People
18 fieldsPer 1,000 population(2001 est.)
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100) 15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525) 65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.23 years male: 77.68 years female: 85.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy
definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Government
Independent republic
18 fieldsPresidential electionpercent of vote
Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale, 60 seatsone dot, one seat
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Administrative divisions
- 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
- Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Legal system
based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Executive branch
- chief of state:
- cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term;
- election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001);
- secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term;
- election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents;
- percent of legislative vote - NA;
- Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs;
- percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period;
- they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council;
- assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries;
- the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Legislative branch
- unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%;
- seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2
Political parties and leaders
- Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI];
- Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI];
- San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI];
- San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI];
- San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI];
- San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI];
- Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]
International organization participation
CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Diplomatic representation in the US
San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit
Diplomatic representation from the US
the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Flag description
- two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
- the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Economy
The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino.
30 fieldsEconomy - overview
The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Budget
revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities
building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exchange rates
euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996)
Communications
10 fieldsTelephone system
general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network
Transportation
5 fieldsRailways
0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore
Military
Voluntary Military Force, Police Force
3 fieldsTransnational Issues
1 fieldCite this entry
Central Intelligence Agency. “San Marino.” The World Factbook 2001. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/san-marino/2001.