San Marino

Republic of San MarinoRepubblica di San Marino

independent republicIndependence 3 September 301

San Marino as the 2003 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 103 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalSan Marino
Position43 46 N, 12 25 E
Area61.2 sq km
LocationSouthern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
2003

Every edition of San Marino

Populationas each edition published it
28,119 people July 2003 est. · 23,123 in 1990
Population growth% a year
1.38% 2003 est. · 1.01% in 1993
Median ageyears
39.6 years 2002 · 46.3 yrs in 2025
Life expectancyyears at birth
81.43 years 2003 est. · 81.18 yrs in 1993
Fertility ratechildren per woman
1.31 children per woman 2003 est. · 1.3 in 1990
Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births
5.97 deaths per 1,000 live births 2003 est. · 9 in 1990
GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars
$34,600 2001 est. · $20,000 in 1993
GDP real growth% a year
7.5% 2001 est. · 2.4% in 1995

Introduction

1 field

Background

The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.

Geography

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

18 fields

Land useshare of 61.2 sq km

arable land 16.67%permanent crops 0%other 83.33% (1998 est.)
Area
61.2sq km
water: 0 sq kmland: 61.2 sq kmabout 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Coastline
0km
(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Highest point
755m
Monte Titanolowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
Land boundaries
39km
border countries: Italy 39 km

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Climate

  • Mediterranean;
  • mild to cool winters;
  • warm, sunny summers

Terrain

rugged mountains

Natural resources

building stone

Environment - international agreements

party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution

Geography - note

  • landlocked;
  • smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
  • dominated by the Apennines

People

19 fields
Population
28,119
(July 2003 est.)growth rate: 1.38% (2003 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2003 est.)

Birth
10.49Death
7.86Net migration
11.13

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (2003 est.)81.43
77.9 · 85.26Infant mortality deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)5.97
6.41 · 5.5
TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (1976 est.)96%
97% · 95%Median age years (2002)39.6
39.2 · 40
MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 10 and over can read and write

Age structure

0-14 years:
16.3% (male 2,364; female 2,220)
15-64 years:
67.1% (male 9,149; female 9,731)
65 years and over:
16.6% (male 2,009; female 2,646) (2003 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female
total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.31 children born/woman (2003 est.)

Nationality

noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective:
Sammarinese

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Languages

Italian

Government

Independent republic; cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2003-31 March 2004); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)

18 fields

Presidential electionpercent of vote

41.4%
PDCS 41.4%PSS 24.2%PD 20.8%APDS 8.2%RC 3.4%AN 1.9%last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)

Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale, 60 seats, elected 10 June 2001one dot, one seat

PDCS 25PSS 15PD 12APDS 5RC 2AN 1

Percent of vote

PDCS 41.4%PSS 24.2%PD 20.8%APDS 8.2%RC 3.4%AN 1.9%

Country name

conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino
conventional short form:
San Marino
local short form:
San Marino
local long form:
Repubblica di San Marino

Government type

independent republic

Capital

San Marino

Administrative divisions

  • 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
  • Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Independence

3 September 301

National holiday

Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:
cochiefs of state Captain Regent Giovanni LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Valeria CIAVATTA (for the period 1 October 2003-31 March 2004)
elections:
  • cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term;
  • election last held NA September 2003 (next to be held NA March 2004);
  • secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term;
  • election last held 17 December 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)

note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period;

they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister

election results:
  • Giovanni LONFERNINI and Valeria CIAVATTA elected captains regent;
  • percent of legislative vote - NA%;
  • Fiorenzo STOLFI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs;
  • percent of legislative vote - 40%
cabinet:
Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
head of government:
Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 17 December 2002)

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006)
election results:
percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders

  • Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI];
  • Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI];
  • National Alliance or AN [leader NA];
  • Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI];
  • San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI];
  • San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI];
  • San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI];
  • Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]

International organization participation

CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US

San Marino does not have an embassy in the US

honorary consulate(s) general:
Washington, DC and New York
honorary consulate(s):
Detroit and Honolulu

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino

Flag description

  • two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
  • the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Economy

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino.

30 fields
Real growth rate
7.5%
(2001 est.)industrial production growth: 6% (1997 est.)
Labor force
18,500
(1999)

Budget

Revenues
$400 millionExpenditures
$400 million (2000 est.)
expenditures including capital expenditures of $NA

Economy - overview

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $940 million (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture:
NA%
industry:
NA%
services:
NA%

Labor force - by occupation

services 57%, industry 42%, agriculture 1% (2000 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel:
41.18%
other:
0%
nuclear:
0%
hydro:
58.82%

Electricity - exports

0 kWh note: electric power supplied by Italy

Electricity - imports

0 kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Exports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Imports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Currency

euro (EUR)

Exchange rates

euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94 (1999)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields
Mobile cellular
3,010
(1998)
Fixed lines
18,000
(1998) · country code .sm

Telephone system

general assessment:
adequate connections
domestic:
automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system
international:
connected to Italian international network

Radio broadcast stations

AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)

Television broadcast stations

1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)

Transportation

5 fields

Networkskm

Highways
220Railways
0
Highways: paved: 220 km · unpaved: 0 km (2001) · Railways: ; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore

Railways

0 km; note - there is a 1.5-km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore

Highways

total:
220 km
paved:
220 km
unpaved:
0 km (2001)

Airports

none (2002)

Military

Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance

3 fields

Military branches

Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar), Gendarmerie; note - the Voluntary Military Force performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance

Transnational Issues

1 field

Central Intelligence Agency. “San Marino.” The World Factbook 2003. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/san-marino/2003.

How to cite ← 2002 edition 2004 edition →