San Marino

Republic of San MarinoRepubblica di San Marino

republicIndependence 301 (by tradition)

San Marino as the 2000 edition of the CIA World Factbook published it: 97 fields, one of 36 editions from 1990 to 2025.

field in that editiontext changed from the edition beforenot in that editionthe open editionEach field below ends in its editions, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down.

CapitalSan Marino

Position43 46 N, 12 25 E

Area60.5 sq km

LocationSouthern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Populationas each edition published it

26,937 people July 2000 est. · 23,123 in 1990

Population growth% a year

1.49% 2000 est. · 1.01% in 1993

Median ageyears

Not in this edition 39.6 yrs in 2003

Life expectancyyears at birth

81.14 years 2000 est. · 81.18 yrs in 1993

Fertility ratechildren per woman

1.29 children per woman 2000 est. · 1.3 in 1990

Infant mortalitydeaths per 1,000 live births

6.33 deaths per 1,000 live births 2000 est. · 9 in 1990

GDP per capitaeach edition's own dollars

$20,000 1997 est. · $20,000 in 1993

GDP real growth% a year

Not in this edition 2.4% in 1995

Introduction

1 field

Background

The world's third smallest state also claims to be the world's oldest republic, founded by Saint Marinus (for whom the country is named) in 301 A. D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.

Geography

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

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Land useshare of 60.5 sq km

arable land 17%forests and woodland 0%other 83% (1993 est.)permanent crops 0% in all · permanent pastures 0% in all

Area

60.5sq km

land: 60.5 sq kmwater: 0 sq kmabout 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

Coastline

0km

(landlocked)Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

Highest point

749m

Monte Titanolowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Land boundaries

39km

border countries: Italy 39 km

Location

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Geographic coordinates

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Map references

Europe

Climate

Mediterranean;
mild to cool winters;
warm, sunny summers

Terrain

rugged mountains

Natural resources

building stone

Irrigated land

NA sq km

Natural hazards

Environment - current issues

Environment - international agreements

party to:: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified:: Air Pollution

Geography - note

landlocked;
smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
dominated by the Apennines

People

15 fields

Population

26,937

(July 2000 est.)growth rate: 1.49% (2000 est.)

Per 1,000 population(2000 est.)

Birth

10.88Death

7.65Net migration

11.62

Male · female

TotalMale · femaleLife expectancy years (2000 est.)81.14

77.57 · 85.02

TotalMale · femaleLiteracy (1976 est.)96%

97% · 95%

MaleFemaleLiteracy definition: age 10 and over can read and write

Age structure

0-14 years:: 16% (male 2,181; female 2,038)
15-64 years:: 68% (male 8,992; female 9,425)
65 years and over:: 16% (male 1,849; female 2,452) (2000 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years:: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years:: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over:: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population:: 0.94 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate

6.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.29 children born/woman (2000 est.)

Nationality

noun:: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective:: Sammarinese

Ethnic groups

Sammarinese, Italian

Religions

Roman Catholic

Languages

Italian

Government

Republic; cochiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI and Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 April 1999-30 September 1999); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)

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Presidential electionpercent of vote

40.8%

PDCS 40.8%PSS 23.3%PPDS 18.6%APDS 9.8%RC 3.3%SR 4.2%last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held by NA May 2003)

Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale, 60 seats, elected 31 May 1998one dot, one seat

PDCS 25PSS 14PPDS 11APDS 6RC 2SR 2

Percent of vote

PDCS 40.8%PSS 23.3%PPDS 18.6%APDS 9.8%RC 3.3%SR 4.2%

Country name

conventional long form:: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form:: San Marino
local long form:: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form:: San Marino

Data code

Government type

republic

Capital

San Marino

Administrative divisions

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle

Independence

301 (by tradition)

National holiday

Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September (301)

Constitution

8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Legal system

based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state:: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Loris FRANCINI and Captain Regent Alberto CECCHETTI (for the period 1 April 1999-30 September 1999)
head of government:: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986)
cabinet:: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term
elections:: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term;
election last held NA September 1999 (next to be held NA March 2000);
secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term;
election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003)
election results:: Loris FRANCINI and Alberto CECCETTI elected captain regents;
percent of legislative vote - NA;
Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs;
percent of legislative vote - NA

note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period;

they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister

Legislative branch

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:: last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held by NA May 2003)
election results:: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2

Judicial branch

Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Political parties and leaders

Communist Refoundation or RC [Giuseppe AMICHI];
Democratic Movement or MD [Emilio DELLA BALDA];
San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Cesare Antonio GASPERONI, secretary general];
San Marino Popular Democratic Party or APDS [Antonella MULARONI];
San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Stefano MACINA, secretary general];
San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general];
Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]

International organization participation

CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO

Diplomatic representation in the US

San Marino does not have an embassy in the US

honorary consulate(s) general:: Washington, DC, and New York
honorary consulate(s):: Detroit

Diplomatic representation from the US

the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Economy

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1997 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino.

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Inflation, consumer prices

(1997)

Unemployment rate

3.6%

(April 1996)

Labor force

15,600

(1995)

Budget

Revenues

$320 millionExpenditures

$320 million (1995 est.)

expenditures including capital expenditures of $26 million

Economy - overview

The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1997 more than 3.3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.

GDP

purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

NA%

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $20,000 (1997 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture:: NA%
industry:: NA%
services:: NA%

Population below poverty line

NA%

Labor force - by occupation

services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.)

Industries

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Electricity - production

NA kWh

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel:: NA%
hydro:: NA%
nuclear:: NA%
other:: NA%

Electricity - consumption

NA kWh

Electricity - exports

NA kWh

Electricity - imports

NA kWh note: electricity supplied by Italy

Agriculture - products

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Exports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Exports - commodities

building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics

Imports

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Imports - commodities

wide variety of consumer manufactures, food

Debt - external

$NA

Economic aid - recipient

$NA

Currency

1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins

Exchange rates

euros per US$1 - 0.9867 (January 2000), 0.9386 (1999);
Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,668.7 (January 1998), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996), 1,628.9 (1995)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Communications

8 fields

Mobile cellular

3,010

(1998)

Internet users

(1999)

Fixed lines

18,000

(1998)

Telephone system

domestic:: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system
international:: microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations