San Marino

Geographically the third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member; social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

• air pollution;
• urbanization decreasing rural farmlands;
• water shortage

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Air Pollution

• landlocked;
• an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy;
• smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
• dominated by the Apennine Mountains

noun:

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Sammarinese

0-14 years:

15.04% (male 2,687 /female 2,392)

15-24 years:

11.59% (male 2,046 /female 1,869)

25-54 years:

40.23% (male 6,391 /female 7,198)

55-64 years:

13.35% (male 2,215 /female 2,294)

65 years and over:

19.8% (male 3,006 /female 3,681) (2018 est.)

total:

44.7 years (2018 est.)

male:

43.5 years

female:

45.7 years

at birth:

1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.12 male(s)/female

15-24 years:

1.09 male(s)/female

25-54 years:

0.89 male(s)/female

55-64 years:

0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.82 male(s)/female

total population:

0.94 male(s)/female (2018 est.)

total:

4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

male:

4.5 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

4.1 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

83.4 years (2018 est.)

male:

80.8 years

female:

86.2 years

conventional long form:

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:

San Marino

local long form:

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:

San Marino

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

name:

San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates:

43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

• 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
• Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

history:

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974; Declaration last amended 2019

amendments:

• proposed by the Great and General Council;
• passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote;
• Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum;
• Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019 (2019)

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

30 years

highest courts:

• Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members);
• note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts:

• first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts;
• Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations;
• justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

• Adesso.sm (includes Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI], Civic 10 [Matteo CIACCI])
• Democracy in Action (includes The RETE Movement)
• New Socialist Party [Augusto CASALI]
• Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]
• Popular Alliance or AP [Gabriele GATTI]
• San Marino First (includes Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI)
• Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]
• Union for the Republic or UPR [Marco PODESCHI]
• United Left or SU [Gaston PASOLINI]
• We Sammarese or NS [Marco ARZILLI]

• the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino;
• the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate general in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

• two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
• the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field;
• the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano:
  • Guaita,
  • Cesta,
  • and Montale
  ;
• the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty);
• the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

name:

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music:

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

agriculture:

0.2%

industry:

33.5%

services:

66.3% (September 2013 est.)

lowest 10%:

NA

highest 10%:

NA

general assessment:

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)

domestic:

fixed-line 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 113 telephones per 100 persons (2018)

international:

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

No regular military forces; Voluntary Military Corps (Corpi Militari), which includes a Uniformed Militia (performs ceremonial duties and limited police support functions) and Guard of the Great and General Council (defends the Captains Regent and the Great and General Council, participates in official ceremonies, cooperates with the maintenance of public order on special occasions, and performs guard duties during parliamentary sittings). The Police Corps includes the Gendarmerie, which is responsible for maintaining public order, protecting citizens and their property, and providing assistance during disasters. (2019)

• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service;
• no conscription;
• government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to service in the military (2012)

total:

292 km (2006)

paved:

292 km (2006)