San Marino

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

• landlocked;
• an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy;
• smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco;
• dominated by the Apennine Mountains

noun:

Sammarinese (singular and plural)

adjective:

Sammarinese

total:

46.1 years (2024 est.)

male:

44.5 years

female:

47.4 years

at birth:

1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years:

1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.83 male(s)/female

total population:

0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

total:

6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

male:

7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

female:

5 deaths/1,000 live births

total population:

84.2 years (2024 est.)

male:

81.7 years

female:

87 years

• air pollution;
• urbanization decreasing rural farmlands;
• water shortage

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:

Air Pollution

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

urban population:

97.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization:

0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

particulate matter emissions:

9.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

methane emissions:

0.02 megatons (2020 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually:

17,175 tons (2016 est.)

municipal solid waste recycled annually:

7,737 tons (2016 est.)

percent of municipal solid waste recycled:

45.1% (2016 est.)

conventional long form:

Republic of San Marino

conventional short form:

San Marino

local long form:

Repubblica di San Marino

local short form:

San Marino

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

name:

San Marino (city)

geographic coordinates:

43 56 N, 12 25 E

time difference:

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time:

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology:

named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

• 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
• Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

history:

San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

amendments:

• proposed by the Great and General Council;
• passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote;
• Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum;
• Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019

citizenship by birth:

no

citizenship by descent only:

at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

dual citizenship recognized:

no

residency requirement for naturalization:

30 years

highest court(s):

• Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members);
• note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

subordinate courts:

• first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts;
• Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations;
• justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

• Domani - Modus Liberi or DML
• Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera
• Future Republic or RF
• Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD
• Reformist Alliance or AR
• RETE Movement
• Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
• Socialist Party or PS
• Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

chief of mission:

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

chancery:

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

telephone:

[1] (212) 751-1234

FAX:

[1] (212) 751-1436

email address and website:

[email protected]; Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

chief of mission:

Ambassador Jack Markell (since September 2023); note - also accredited to Italy

embassy:

• the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino;
• the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

• two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center;
• the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field;
• the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano:
  • Guaita,
  • Cesta,
  • and Montale
  ;
• the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty);
• the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

name:

"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

lyrics/music:

no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

total World Heritage Sites:

1 (cultural)

selected World Heritage Site locales:

San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

• high-income, non-EU European economy;
• surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter;
• open border to EU and a euro user;
• strong financial sector;
• high foreign investments;
• low taxation;
• increasingly high and risky debt

agriculture:

0% (2021 est.)

industry:

36.6% (2021 est.)

services:

56.5% (2021 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

total:

27.4% (2016 est.)

male:

21.4%

female:

36%

general assessment:

automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018)

domestic:

fixed-line is 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 119 telephones per 100 persons (2021)

international:

country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

total:

292 km

paved:

292 km (2006)

• 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service;
• no conscription;
• government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2024)