Military expenditures In 25 editions of 36.

a further decline in 1994, by perhaps 5%-10%, to roughly three-quarters of a trillion dollars, or 2.5% of gross world product (1994 est.) YEMEN

exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 2.7% of GDP (1994) AMERICAN SAMOA (territory of the US)

exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion, 31% of GDP (1993) ANGUILLA (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $33 million, 3.2% of GDP (1994) BERMUDA (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $198 million, 5.2% of GDP (FY93/94) BOUVET ISLAND (territory of Norway)

exchange rate conversion - $104 million, 6.4% of GDP (1994) BURMA

exchange rate conversion - $25 million, 2.6% of GDP (1993) CAMBODIA

exchange rate conversion - $3.4 million, NA% of GDP (1994) CAYMAN ISLANDS (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $102 million, NA% of GDP (1994) CANADA

exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2.3% of GDP (1994) CHAD

exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994) CHILE

$NA, NA% of GDP CONGO

exchange rate conversion - $46 million, 1.5% of GDP (1990) ZAMBIA

exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 3.8% of GDP (1993) COOK ISLANDS (free association with New Zealand)

exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 1.4% of GDP (1993) CROATIA

exchange rate conversion - $26 million, NA% of GDP (1989) DOMINICA

exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion, 8.2% of total government budget (FY94/95) EL SALVADOR

exchange rate conversion - $2.5 million, NA% of GDP (FY93/94) ERITREA

$NA, NA% of GDP ESTONIA

exchange rate conversion - $22 million, NA% of GDP (FY93/94) SWEDEN

exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 4.1% of GDP (FY94/95) EUROPA ISLAND (possession of France)

exchange rate conversion - $154 million, 2.4% of GDP (1993) THE GAMBIA

exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 3.8% of GDP (FY93/94) GAZA STRIP Note--The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements ("the DOP"), signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provides for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Under the DOP, final status negotiations are to begin no later than the beginning of the third year of the transitional period.

exchange rate conversion - $108 million, 1.5% of GDP (1993) GIBRALTAR (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $50 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994) GUINEA-BISSAU

exchange rate conversion - $9 million, 4.5% of GDP (1994) GUYANA

exchange rate conversion - $136 million, 1.9% of GDP (FY93/94) KINGMAN REEF (territory of the US)

exchange rate conversion - $25 million, NA% of GDP (1994) LIBERIA

exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2% of GDP (1994) LIBYA

exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, 6.1% of GDP (1994 est.) LIECHTENSTEIN

exchange rate conversion - $35 million, 1.3% of GDP (1991) MALAWI

exchange rate conversion - $13 million, 0.7% of GDP (FY93/94) MALAYSIA

exchange rate conversion - $66 million, 2.2% of GDP (1994) MALTA

exchange rate conversion - $36 million, 2.7% of GDP (1994) MAURITIUS

exchange rate conversion - $11.2 million, 0.4% of GDP (FY92/93) MAYOTTE (territorial collectivity of France)

exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 3.8% of GDP (1994) MOZAMBIQUE

exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 7.3% of GDP (1993) NAMIBIA

exchange rate conversion - $54 million, 2% of GDP (FY93/94) NAURU

exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.3% of GDP (FY92/93) NIGERIA

exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP (1992) NIUE (free association with New Zealand)

exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% of GDP (1992) SAINT HELENA (dependent territory of the UK)

$NA, NA% of GDP SAUDI ARABIA

• exchange rate conversion - $134 million, 2.1% of GDP (1993) SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO Note--Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US;
• the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation

exchange rate conversion - $12 million, 4% of GDP (1990 est.) SIERRA LEONE

exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 2.6% of GDP (FY92/93) SINGAPORE

$NA, NA% of GDP SOUTH AFRICA

exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY93/94) SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $600 million, 7.3% of GDP (FY93/94 est.) SURINAME

exchange rate conversion - $69 million, NA% of GDP (FY94/95) THAILAND

exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP (1993) TOKELAU (territory of New Zealand)

exchange rate conversion - $549 million, 3% of GDP (1994) TURKEY

exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.7% of budget (FY93/94) UKRAINE

$NA, NA% of GDP WESTERN SAMOA

exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994) ZIMBABWE

exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% of GDP (FY94/95) APPENDIX B Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups

none INDIA

exchange rate conversion - $450 million, 15% of GDP (1990 est.); the new government has not yet adopted a defense budget ALBANIA

• 250 million rubles, NA% of GDP (1992 est.);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results ARUBA (part of the Dutch realm)

• 70.5 billion rubles, 10% of GDP (1993 budget allocation);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results THE BAHAMAS

exchange rate conversion - $448 million, 1.7% of GDP (FY93/94) BARBADOS

$NA, NA% of GDP BOLIVIA

• defense budget - 63.09 billion yuan, NA% of GDP (1995 est.);
• note - conversion of the defense budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results CHRISTMAS ISLAND (territory of Australia)

• exchange rate conversion - $85 million, NA% of GDP (1992)

exchange rate conversion - $7.8 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY94/95) INDIAN OCEAN

exchange rate conversion - $47.2 billion, 1% of GDP (FY95/96) JARVIS ISLAND (territory of the US)

• 69.3 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results KENYA

• exchange rate conversion - about $5 billion, 20%-25% of GDP (1991 est.);
• note - the officially announced but suspect figure is $2.2 billion (1994), about 12% of total spending KOREA, SOUTH

exchange rate conversion - $14 billion, 3.3% of GNP (1995 est.) KUWAIT

$NA, NA% of GDP LAOS

$NA, NA% of GDP MALI

exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million, 1% of GDP (1992) MONTSERRAT (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $36 million, 1.2% of GDP (FY92/93) NETHERLANDS

exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 5.6% of GDP (FY94/95) PALAU

$NA, NA% of GDP

note: the Intelligence Community estimates that defense spending in Russia fell about 15% in real terms in 1994, reducing Russian defense outlays to about one-fourth of peak Soviet levels in the late 1980s; although Russia may still spend as much as 10% of its GDP on defense, this is significantly below the 15% to 17% burden the former USSR carried during much of the 1980s; conversion of military expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results RWANDA

exchange rate conversion - $412 million, 3.6% of GDP (1994) SUDAN

$NA, NA% of GDP TANZANIA

$NA, NA% of GDP TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS (dependent territory of the UK)

$NA, NA% of GDP VANUATU

exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1% of GDP (FY90/91) ARCTIC OCEAN

exchange rate conversion - $65 million, 2.7% of GDP (1990) BAHRAIN

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP BASSAS DA INDIA (possession of France)

exchange rate conversion - $11 million, 2.2% of GDP (FY93/94) BENIN

exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% of GDP (1989) COTE D'IVOIRE (also known as Ivory Coast)

exchange rate conversion - approx. $600 million, 4% of GSP (gross social product) in 1994 was for defense

$NA, NA% of GDP DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

exchange rate conversion - $116 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994) ECUADOR

exchange rate conversion - $103 million, 0.7% of GDP (1994); $91.9 million, less than 1% of GDP (1995 est.) EQUATORIAL GUINEA

$NA, NA% of GDP GUADELOUPE (overseas department of France)

exchange rate conversion - $121 million, 1% of GDP (1993) GUERNSEY (British crown dependency)

exchange rate conversion - $34 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988 est.) HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS (territory of Australia)

exchange rate conversion - $41 million, about 0.4% of GDP (1994) HONG KONG (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $19.3 million, 1% of GDP (FY91/92) JAN MAYEN (territory of Norway)

exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.7% of GDP (1994), 8.1% of government budget NIGER

expenditures for the Panamanian security forces amounted to $105 million, 1.0% of GDP (1993 est.) PAPUA NEW GUINEA

$NA, NA% of GDP SAINT LUCIA

$NA, NA% of GDP SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON (territorial collectivity of France)

$NA, NA% of GDP SAN MARINO

exchange rate conversion - $83 million, 1.5% of GDP (1994) TROMELIN ISLAND (possession of France)

330 million leke, NA% of GNP (1993); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results ALGERIA

exchange rate conversion - about $1.8 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994) AZERBAIJAN Note--Azerbaijan continues to be plagued by an unresolved seven-year-old conflict with Armenian separatists over its Nagorno-Karabakh region. The Karabakh Armenians have declared independence and seized almost 20% of the country's territory, creating almost 1 million Azeri displaced persons in the process. Both sides have generally observed a Russian-mediated cease-fire in place since May 1994, and support the OSCE-mediated peace process, now entering its fourth year.

Nevertheless, Baku and Xankandi (Stepanakert) remain far apart on most substantive issues from the placement and composition of a peacekeeping force to the enclave's ultimate political status, and prospects for a negotiated settlement remain dim.

• 56.5 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (1993 est.);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results BELGIUM

exchange rate conversion - $3.9 billion, 1.8% of GDP (1994) BELIZE

$NA, NA% of GDP BOTSWANA

13 billion leva, NA% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results BURKINA

• 337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results CUBA

• 27 billion koruny, NA% of GNP (1994 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results DENMARK

exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 1.9% of GDP (1994) DJIBOUTI

exchange rate conversion - $34.1 million, almost 5% of the overall State budget and 1.5% of GDP (1995) ETHIOPIA

$NA, NA% of GDP

exchange rate conversion - $1.86 billion, about 1.9% of GDP (1994) FRANCE

exchange rate conversion - $47.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (1995) FRENCH GUIANA (overseas department of France)

exchange rate conversion - $40 billion, 1.8% of GNP (1995) GHANA

exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 5.4% of GDP (1994) GREENLAND (part of the Danish realm)

• 66.5 billion forints, NA% of GDP (1994 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results ICELAND

exchange rate conversion - $500 million, 1.3% of GDP (1994) ISRAEL (also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries) Note: The territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations are being conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives, Syria, and Jordan to determine the final status of the occupied territories.

On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace treaty. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace.

exchange rate conversion - $21.5 billion, 2% of GDP (1994) JAMAICA

176 million rubles, 3% to 5% of GDP (1994); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results LEBANON Note--Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and regaining its national sovereignty since the end of the devastating 16-year civil war which began in 1975. Under the Ta'if accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process.

Since December 1990, the Lebanese have formed three cabinets and conducted the first legislative election in 20 years. Most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded. The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) has seized vast quantities of weapons used by the militias during the war and extended central government authority over about one-half of the country. Hizballah, the radical Sh'ia party, retains most of its weapons.

Foreign forces still occupy areas of Lebanon. Israel maintains troops in southern Lebanon and continues to support a proxy militia, The Army of South Lebanon (ASL), along a narrow stretch of territory contiguous to its border. The ASL's enclave encompasses this self-declared security zone and about 20 kilometers north to the strategic town of Jazzine. As of December 1993, Syria maintained about 30,000-35,000 troops in Lebanon.

These troops are based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's deployment was legitimized by the Arab League early in Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if accord. Citing the continued weakness of the LAF, Beirut's requests, and failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if accord, Damascus has so far refused to withdraw its troops from Beirut.

exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2% of GDP (1994); note - for 1995 defense expenditures were $54 million at exchange rate conversion LUXEMBOURG

exchange rate conversion - $129 million, 1.2% of GDP (1994) MACAU (overseas territory of Portugal)

exchange rate conversion - $21.4 million, about 0.9% of GDP (FY92/93) MAN, ISLE OF (British crown dependency)

$NA, 2% of GDP (1994) MONACO

exchange rate conversion - $7.1 billion, 2.2% of GDP (1994) NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (part of the Dutch realm)

• 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results MADAGASCAR

exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 3.2% of GDP (1994) OMAN

• 50.7 billion zlotych, NA% of GNP (1994 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results PORTUGAL

exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994) PUERTO RICO (commonwealth associated with the US)

1,260 billion lei, 3% of GDP (1994); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results RUSSIA

$3.7 million (1992 est.), 1% of GDP SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

• 245 billion dinars, 4% to 6% of GDP (1992 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results SEYCHELLES

• 9.59 billion koruny, 3.1% of GDP (1994 est.);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results SLOVENIA

• 13.5 billion tolars, 4.5% of GDP (1993 est.);
• note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results SOLOMON ISLANDS

exchange rate conversion - $8 billion, 1.6% of GDP (1994) SPRATLY ISLANDS

exchange rate conversion - $5.4 billion, 2.4% of GDP (FY94/95) SWITZERLAND

exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 1.4% of GDP (1995) SYRIA

• 544.3 billion karbovantsi, less than 4% of GDP (forecast for 1993);
• note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

exchange rate conversion - $35.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (FY95/96) UNITED STATES

exchange rate conversion - $247 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994) BAKER ISLAND (territory of the US)

exchange rate conversion - $457 million, 5.6% of GDP (1995) CZECH REPUBLIC

$NA, NA% of GDP GEORGIA Note--Georgia has been beset by ethnic and civil strife since independence. In late 1991, the country's first elected president, Zviad GAMSAKHURDIA was ousted in an armed coup. In October 1993, GAMSAKHURDIA, and his supporters sponsored a failed attempt to retake power from the current government led by former Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard SHEVARDNADZE. The Georgian government has also faced armed separatist conflicts in the Abkhazia and South Ossetia regions.

A cease-fire went into effect in South Ossetia in June 1992 and a joint Georgian-Ossetian-Russian peacekeeping force has been in place since that time. Georgian forces were driven out of the Abkhaz region in September 1993 after a yearlong war with Abkhaz separatists. Nearly 200,000 Georgian refugees have since fled Abkhazia, adding substantially to the estimated 100,000 internally displaced persons already in Georgia. Russian peacekeepers are deployed along the border of Abkhazia and the rest of Georgia.

according to official Iranian data, Iran spent 1,785 billion rials, including $808 million in hard currency, in 1992 and budgeted 2,507 billion rials, including $850 million in hard currency, for 1993

note: conversion of rial expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results IRAQ

$NA, NA% of GNP IRELAND

exchange rate conversion - $6.5 billion, about 10% of GDP (1995) ITALY

exchange rate conversion - $564.2 million, 9.1% of GDP (1995 est.) JUAN DE NOVA ISLAND (possession of France)

exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 13.3% of GDP (1995) KYRGYZSTAN

exchange rate conversion - $278 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994) LESOTHO

exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 14.2% of GDP (1995 est.) PACIFIC OCEAN

• $NA,
• NA%,
• of GDP REUNION (overseas department of France)

exchange rate conversion - $17.2 billion, 13.8% of GDP (1994) SENEGAL

exchange rate conversion - $2.2 billion, 6% of GDP (1992) TAIWAN

• exchange rate conversion - $6.9 billion, 4.1% of GDP (1993);
• note - figures do not include about $7 billion for the government's counterinsurgency efforts against the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) TURKMENISTAN

exchange rate conversion - $1.59 billion, 4.3% of GDP (1994) UNITED KINGDOM

$NA, NA% of GDP WESTERN SAHARA

exchange rate conversion - $1.65 billion, 7.1% of GDP (1993) ZAIRE

$NA, NA% of GDP

exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% of GDP (FY95/96) CAPE VERDE

• $NA,
• NA% of GDP MICRONESIA,
• FEDERATED STATES OF

$284.4 billion, 4.2% of GDP (1994 est.) URUGUAY

exchange rate conversion - $7.2 billion, 2.2% of GDP (FY94/95) AUSTRIA

exchange rate conversion - $22.4 million, about 2% of GDP (FY91/92) FINLAND

• $NA,
• NA% of GDP KOREA,
• NORTH

$NA; note - no formal defense structure NAVASSA ISLAND (territory of the US)

$NA, NA% of GDP

exchange rate conversion - $792 million, 2% of GDP (FY90/91) NICARAGUA

$NA, NA% of GDP

exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.8% of GDP (1993 est.) PARACEL ISLANDS

$NA, NA% of GDP WORLD

$NA, NA% of GDP SOMALIA

$NA, NA% of GDP TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

$NA, NA% of GDP UGANDA

$NA, NA% of GDP VENEZUELA

$NA, NA% of GDP ARMENIA

exchange rate conversion - $134 million; 1.9% of GDP (1994) BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Note--Bosnia and Herzegovina is set to enter its third year of interethnic civil strife which began in the spring of 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to 'greater Serbia'. In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington, DC, creating the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

A group of rebel Muslims, however, continues to battle government forces in the northwest enclave of Bihac. A Contact Group of countries, the US, UK, France, Germany, and Russia, continues to seek a resolution between the Federation and the Bosnian Serbs. In July of 1994 the Contact Group presented a plan to the warring parties that roughly equally divides the country between the two, while maintaining Bosnia in its current internationally recognized borders. The Federation agreed to the plan almost immediately, while the Bosnian Serbs rejected it.

exchange rate conversion - $5.0 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994) BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY (dependent territory of the UK)

exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 3.4% of GDP (1991 est.) CHINA (also see separate Taiwan entry)

exchange rate conversion - $1.2 billion (1992 est.) COMOROS

$NA, NA% of GDP EGYPT

$NA, NA% of GDP

$NA, NA% of GDP

$NA, NA% of GDP HAITI

exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994 est.) PERU