Climate In 36 editions of 36.

two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates

• arid to semiarid;
• mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast;
• drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau;
• sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

• semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda;
• north has cool,
• dry season (May to October) and hot,
• rainy season (November to April)

tropical

• tropical;
• hot, humid in south;
• semiarid in north

semiarid; warm winters and hot summers

• tropical;
• warm, dry winters;
• hot, wet summers

• temperate;
• warm;
• occasional frost in uplands

• temperate;
• warm,
• dry,
• summer precipitation very erratic

varies with terrain from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

• tropical;
• hot, dry winters;
• mild to hot, wet summers

tropical in south, desert in north

tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)

• tropical;
• hot and humid in equatorial river basin;
• cooler and drier in southern highlands;
• cooler and wetter in eastern highlands;
• north of Equator--wet season April to October, dry season December to February;
• south of Equator--wet season November to March, dry season April to October

• tropical;
• rainy season (March to June);
• dry season (June to October);
• constantly high temperatures and humidity;
• particularly enervating climate astride the Equator

• tropical along coast,
• semiarid in far north;
• three seasons--warm and dry (November to March),
• hot and dry (March to May),
• hot and wet (June to October)

desert; torrid, dry

desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

tropical; always hot, humid

varies from tropical to near temperate

tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation; prone to extended droughts

tropical

tropical; always hot, humid

• tropical;
• hot, rainy season (June to November);
• cooler, dry season (November to May)

• tropical;
• warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast;
• hot and humid in southwest;
• hot and dry in north

tropical

• generally hot and humid;
• monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds;
• dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

• tropical;
• generally hot and humid;
• monsoon-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds;
• dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

tropical

varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior

• temperate;
• cool to cold, dry winters;
• hot, wet summers

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights;
• wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers

Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior

• tropical along coast,
• temperate inland,
• arid in south

• tropical;
• rainy season (November to May);
• dry season (May to November)

• subtropical to arid;
• hot and dry February to June;
• rainy, humid, and mild June to November;
• cool and dry November to February

• desert;
• constantly hot,
• dry,
• dusty

• tropical modified by southeast trade winds;
• warm, dry winter (May to November);
• hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)

• tropical;
• marine;
• hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May);
• dry season is cooler (May to November)

Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior

tropical to subtropical

• desert;
• hot, dry;
• rainfall sparse and erratic

• desert;
• mostly hot, dry, dusty;
• tropical in extreme south

• varies--equatorial in south,
• tropical in center,
• arid in north

• tropical,
• but moderates with elevation;
• cool and dry from May to November,
• hot and rainy from November to April

• temperate;
• two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January);
• mild in mountains with frost and snow possible

• tropical;
• marine;
• mild, tempered by trade winds

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• one rainy season (October to May)

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• rainy season (December to April) has strong southeast winds;
• dry season (May to November) dominated by hot, dry harmattan wind

• tropical marine;
• humid;
• cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September);
• warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• summer rainy season (May to December);
• winter dry season (December to April)

• desert;
• northeast monsoon (December to February), cooler southwest monsoon (May to October);
• irregular rainfall;
• hot, humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons

• mostly semiarid;
• subtropical along coast;
• sunny days, cool nights

• tropical in south;
• arid desert in north;
• rainy season (April to October)

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

• tropical;
• hot, humid in south;
• semiarid in north

tropical

• temperate in north with mild,
• rainy winters and hot,
• dry summers;
• desert in south

• tropical;
• generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August);
• semiarid in northeast

• hot, dry desert;
• rain is rare;
• cold offshore currents produce fog and heavy dew

• tropical;
• modified by altitude;
• rainy season (October to April)

• tropical;
• moderated by altitude;
• rainy season (November to March)

• severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean;
• East Antarctica colder than Antarctic Peninsula in the west;
• warmest temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing

antarctic

antarctic

antarctic

• variable,
• with mostly westerly winds throughout the year,
• interspersed with periods of calm;
• nearly all precipitation falls as snow

arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

• temperate;
• moderated by North Atlantic Current;
• mild, windy winters;
• damp, cool summers

arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog

• arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current;
• cool summers, cold winters;
• North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year

arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

• tropical;
• cool, dry winter (October to March);
• hot, humid summer (March to June);
• cool, rainy monsoon (June to October)

• varies;
• tropical in southern plains;
• cool winters and hot summers in central valleys;
• severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas

• tropical marine;
• hot,
• humid,
• moderated by trade winds

extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north

varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• dry, northeast monsoon (November to March);
• rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)

desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winter in south

• mostly hot, dry desert;
• temperate in northwest;
• arctic in north

• tropical;
• monsoonal;
• northeast monsoon (December to March);
• southwest monsoon (June to October)

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream

tropical; rainy season (June to October)

• tropical;
• very hot and humid;
• rainy season (May to February)

• subtropical;
• humid;
• temperatures moderated by trade winds

• tropical marine;
• warm,
• rainy summers (May to October) and cool,
• relatively dry winters (November to April)

• tropical;
• dry season (December to April);
• rainy season (May to November)

• tropical;
• moderated by trade winds;
• dry season (November to April);
• rainy season (May to October)

• tropical;
• moderated by northeast trade winds;
• heavy rainfall

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation

• tropical;
• rainy season (May to October);
• dry season (November to April)

tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds

subtropical tempered by trade winds; relatively high humidity

• tropical;
• hot, humid in lowlands;
• cooler in highlands

tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds

subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• temperate interior

• tropical;
• moderated by trade winds;
• rainy season (June to October)

tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation

marine, tropical

tropical; modified by northeast trade winds

tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands

• tropical;
• hot, humid, cloudy;
• prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)

• tropical marine,
• mild,
• little seasonal temperature variation

• subtropical tempered by constant sea breezes;
• little seasonal temperature variation;
• rainy season (May to November)

• tropical,
• moderated by northeast trade winds;
• dry season from January to April,
• rainy season from May to August

• tropical;
• little seasonal temperature variation;
• rainy season (May to November)

tropical; rainy season (June to December)

• tropical;
• marine;
• moderated by trade winds;
• sunny and relatively dry

• subtropical,
• tempered by easterly tradewinds,
• relatively low humidity,
• little seasonal temperature variation;
• rainy season May to November

• mild temperate;
• cool, cloudy, wet winters;
• hot, clear, dry summers;
• interior is cooler and wetter

• temperate;
• snowy,
• cold winters and cool,
• dry summers

• temperate;
• continental, cloudy;
• cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains;
• cool summers with occasional showers

• temperate;
• mild winters, cool summers;
• rainy, humid, cloudy

• temperate;
• cold, damp winters;
• hot, dry summers

• temperate;
• cool summers;
• cold, cloudy, humid winters

• temperate;
• humid and overcast;
• mild, windy winters and cool summers

• mild winters, cool summers;
• usually overcast;
• foggy, windy

cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes

generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean

• temperate;
• cloudy, cold winters with frequent rain and snow;
• cool, wet summers

• temperate and marine;
• cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers;
• occasional warm, tropical foehn wind;
• high relative humidity

Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers

• temperate;
• mild, wet winters;
• hot, dry summers

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

• temperate;
• mild,
• rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot,
• dry summers (May to September)

• temperate;
• cold, cloudy, humid winters;
• warm summers

• temperate maritime;
• modified by North Atlantic Current;
• mild winters, cool summers;
• consistently humid;
• overcast about half the time

• cool summers and mild winters;
• humid;
• overcast about half the time

• predominantly Mediterranean;
• Alpine in far north;
• hot, dry in south

temperate; mild winters and cool summers

• continental;
• cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain;
• cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers

• Mediterranean with mild,
• rainy winters and hot,
• dry summers

• Mediterranean with mild,
• wet winters and hot,
• dry summers

• temperate;
• marine;
• cool summers and mild winters

• temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current;
• colder interior;
• rainy year-round on west coast

• temperate with cold,
• cloudy,
• moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation;
• mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

• temperate;
• cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog;
• sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool winters;
• warm, sunny summers

• mostly temperate to arctic continental;
• winters vary from cool along Black Sea to frigid in Siberia;
• summers vary from hot in southern deserts to cool along Arctic coast

• temperate;
• clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast;
• cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

• temperate in south with cold,
• cloudy winters and cool,
• partly cloudy summers;
• subarctic in north

• temperate, but varies with altitude;
• cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters;
• cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

• temperate;
• moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current;
• more than half of the days are overcast

• temperate;
• hot, relatively dry summers with mild, rainy winters along coast;
• warm summer with cold winters inland

• arid;
• mild, pleasant winters;
• very hot, humid summers

• temperate,
• Mediterranean with hot,
• dry summers and cool,
• wet winters

• temperate,
• mild winters,
• dry and warm to hot summers

mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast

• desert;
• mild to cool winters with dry,
• hot,
• cloudless summers

harsh, dry desert

temperate; hot and dry in desert areas

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)

• dry desert;
• intensely hot summers;
• short, cool winters

• Mediterranean;
• mild to cool,
• wet winters with hot,
• dry summers

• dry desert;
• hot, humid along coast;
• hot, dry interior;
• strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south

• desert;
• hot, dry;
• humid and sultry in summer

harsh, dry desert with great extremes of temperature