The CIA World Factbook Edition 1990 Economy

Exports In 36 editions of 36.

Exports was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1990 edition carries it in 216 entries, in its Economy section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1990 edition
216
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exports” (1990 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exports, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

1990

Every edition with Exports

Entries with Exports in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

World

1 entry

World

  • $2,694 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--NA;
  • partners--in value, about 70% of exports from industrial countries

Africa

56 entries

Algeria

  • $9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum and natural gas 98%;
  • partners--Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Italy, France, US

Angola

  • $2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton;
  • partners--US, USSR, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil

Benin

  • $226 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--crude oil, cotton, palm products, cocoa;
  • partners--FRG 36%, France 16%, Spain 14%, Italy 8%, UK 7%

Botswana

  • $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--diamonds 88%, copper and nickel 5%, meat 4%, cattle, animal products;
  • partners--Switzerland, US, UK, other EC-associated members of Southern African Customs Union

Burkina now Burkina Faso

  • $249 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--oilseeds, cotton, live animals, gold;
  • partners--EC 42% (France 30%, other 12%), Taiwan 17%, Ivory Coast 15% (1985)

Burundi

  • $128 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 88%, tea, hides and skins;
  • partners--EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

  • $8.9 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--fish, bananas, salt;
  • partners--Portugal, Angola, Algeria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Italy

Cameroon

  • $2.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum products 56%, coffee, cocoa, timber, manufactures;
  • partners--EC (particularly the Netherlands) about 50%, US 3%

Central African Republic

  • $138 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--diamonds, cotton, coffee, timber, tobacco;
  • partners--France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, US

Chad

  • $432 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--cotton 43%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish;
  • partners--France, Nigeria, Cameroon

Comoros

  • $12 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--vanilla, cloves, perfume oil, copra;
  • partners--US 53%, France 41%, Africa 4%, FRG 2%

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--copper 37%, coffee 24%, diamonds 12%, cobalt, crude oil;
  • partners--US, Belgium, France, FRG, Italy, UK, Japan

Congo now Republic of the Congo

  • $912 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--crude petroleum 72%, lumber, plywood, coffee, cocoa, sugar, diamonds;
  • partners--US, France, other EC

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

  • $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--cocoa 30%, coffee 20%, tropical woods 11%, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton;
  • partners--France, FRG, Netherlands, US, Belgium, Spain (1985)

Djibouti

  • $128 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--hides and skins, coffee (in transit);
  • partners--Middle East 50%, Africa 43%, Western Europe 7%

Egypt

  • $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--raw cotton, crude and refined petroleum, cotton yarn, textiles;
  • partners--US, EC, Japan, Eastern Europe

Equatorial Guinea

  • $30 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--coffee, timber, cocoa beans;
  • partners--Spain 44%, FRG 19%, Italy 12%, Netherlands 11% (1987)

Swaziland now Eswatini

  • $394 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar, asbestos, wood pulp, citrus, canned fruit, soft drink concentrates;
  • partners--South Africa, UK, US

Ethiopia

  • $418 million (f.o.b., FY88);
  • commodities--coffee 60%, hides;
  • partners--US, FRG, Djibouti, Japan, PDRY, France, Italy

Gabon

  • $1.14 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--crude oil 70%, manganese 11%, wood 12%, uranium 6%;
  • partners--France 53%, US 22%, FRG, Japan

The Gambia

  • $133 million (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels;
  • partners--Ghana 49%, Europe 27%, Japan 12%, US 1% (1986)

Ghana

  • $977 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--cocoa 60%, timber, gold, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum;
  • partners--US 23%, UK, other EC

Guinea

  • $553 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--alumina, bauxite, diamonds, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels;
  • partners--US 33%, EC 33%, USSR and Eastern Europe 20%, Canada

Guinea-Bissau

  • $15 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernels;
  • partners--Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Cape Verde, China

Kenya

  • $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 20%, tea 18%, manufactures 15%, petroleum products 10% (1987);
  • partners--Western Europe 45%, Africa 22%, Far East 10%, US 4%, Middle East 3% (1987)

Lesotho

  • $55 million (f.o.b., FY89 est.);
  • commodities--wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins, baskets;
  • partners--South Africa 87%, EC 10%, (1985)

Liberia

  • $550 million (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--iron ore 61%, rubber 20%, timber 11%, coffee;
  • partners--US, EC, Netherlands

Libya

  • $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum, peanuts, hides;
  • partners--Italy, USSR, FRG, Spain, France, Belgium/Luxembourg, Turkey

Madagascar

  • $284 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 45%, vanilla 15%, cloves 11%, sugar, petroleum products;
  • partners--France, Japan, Italy, FRG, US

Malawi

  • $292 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--tobacco, tea, sugar, coffee, peanuts;
  • partners--US, UK, Zambia, South Africa, FRG

Mali

  • $260 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins;
  • partners--mostly franc zone and Western Europe

Mauritania

  • $424 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--iron ore, processed fish, small amounts of gum arabic and gypsum, unrecorded but numerically significant cattle exports to Senegal;
  • partners--EC 57%, Japan 39%, Ivory Coast 2%

Mauritius

  • $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--textiles 44%, sugar 40%, light manufactures 10%;
  • partners--EC and US have preferential treatment, EC 77%, US 15%

Mayotte

  • $4.0 million (f.o.b., 1984);
  • commodities--ylang-ylang, vanilla;
  • partners--France 79%, Comoros 10%, Reunion 9%

Morocco

  • $3.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods 23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 17%;
  • partners--EC 58%, India 7%, Japan 5%, USSR 3%, US 2%

Mozambique

  • $100 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--shrimp 48%, cashews 21%, sugar 10%, copra 3%, citrus 3%;
  • partners--US, Western Europe, GDR, Japan

Namibia

  • $935 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--diamonds, uranium, zinc, copper, meat, processed fish, karakul skins;
  • partners--South Africa

Niger

  • $371 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--uranium 76%, livestock, cowpeas, onions, hides, skins;
  • partners--NA

Nigeria

  • $8.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--oil 95%, cocoa, palm kernels, rubber;
  • partners--EC 51%, US 32%

Reunion

  • $136 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--sugar 75%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 4%, vanilla and tea 1%;
  • partners--France, Mauritius, Bahrain, S. Africa, Italy

Rwanda

  • $118 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 85%, tea, tin, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum;
  • partners--FRG, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US

St. Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

  • $23.9 thousand (f.o.b., 1984);
  • commodities--fish (frozen skipjack, tuna, salt-dried skipjack), handicrafts;
  • partners--South Africa, UK

Sao Tome and Principe

  • $9.1 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil;
  • partners--FRG, GDR, Netherlands, China

Senegal

  • $761 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--manufactures 30%, fish products 27%, peanuts 11%, petroleum products 11%, phosphates 10%;
  • partners--US, France, other EC, Ivory Coast, India

Seychelles

  • $17 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--fish, copra, cinnamon bark, petroleum products (reexports);
  • partners--France 63%, Pakistan 12%, Reunion 10%, UK 7% (1987)

Sierra Leone

  • $106 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--rutile 50%, bauxite 17%, cocoa 11%, diamonds 3%, coffee 3%;
  • partners--US, UK, Belgium, FRG, other Western Europe

Somalia

  • $58.0 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--livestock, hides, skins, bananas, fish;
  • partners--US 0.5%, Saudi Arabia, Italy, FRG (1986)

South Africa

  • $21.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--gold 40%, minerals and metals 23%, food 6%, chemicals 3%;
  • partners--FRG, Japan, UK, US, other EC, Hong Kong

Sudan

  • $550 million (f.o.b., FY89 est.);
  • commodities--cotton 43%, sesame, gum arabic, peanuts;
  • partners--Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY88)

Tanzania

  • $394 million (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, tobacco, tea, diamonds, coconut products, pyrethrum, cloves (Zanzibar);
  • partners--FRG, UK, US, Netherlands, Japan

Togo

  • $344 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--phosphates, cocoa, coffee, cotton, manufactures, palm kernels;
  • partners--EC 70%, Africa 9%, US 2%, other 19% (1985)

Tunisia

  • $3.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--hydrocarbons, agricultural products, phosphates and chemicals;
  • partners--EC 73%, Middle East 9%, US 1%, Turkey, USSR

Uganda

  • $272 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 97%, cotton, tea;
  • partners--US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%

Western Sahara

  • $8 million (f.o.b., 1982 est.);
  • commodities--phosphates 62%;
  • partners--Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts

Zambia

  • $1,184 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco;
  • partners--EC, Japan, South Africa, US

Zimbabwe

  • $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--agricultural 34% (tobacco 21%, other 13%), manufactures 19%, gold 11%, ferrochrome 11%, cotton 6%;
  • partners--Europe 55% (EC 41%, Netherlands 6%, other 8%), Africa 22% (South Africa 12%, other 10%), US 6%

Arctic Region

2 entries

Greenland

  • $386.2 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--fish and fish products, metallic ores and concentrates;
  • partners--Denmark 76%, FRG 7%, Sweden 5%

Iceland

  • $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite;
  • partners--EC 58.9% (UK 23.3%, FRG 10.3%), US 13.6%, USSR 3.6%

Asia

13 entries

Afghanistan

  • $512 million (f.o.b., FY88);
  • commodities--natural gas 55%, fruits and nuts 24%, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides, and pelts;
  • partners--mostly USSR and Eastern Europe

Bangladesh

  • $1.3 billion (f.o.b., FY89 est.);
  • commodities--jute, tea, leather, shrimp, manufacturing;
  • partners--US 25%, Western Europe 22%, Middle East 9%, Japan 8%, Eastern Europe 7%

Bhutan

  • $70.9 million (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--cardamon, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit;
  • partners--India 93%

China

  • $52.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--manufactured goods, agricultural products, oilseeds, grain (rice and corn), oil, minerals;
  • partners--Hong Kong, US, Japan, USSR, Singapore, FRG (1989)

India

  • $17.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--tea, coffee, iron ore, fish products, manufactures;
  • partners--EC 25%, USSR and Eastern Europe 17%, US 19%, Japan 10%

Japan

  • $270 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--manufactures 97% (including machinery 38%, motor vehicles 17%, consumer electronics 10%);
  • partners--US 34%, Southeast Asia 22%, Western Europe 21%, Communist countries 5%, Middle East 5%

Korea, North now North Korea

  • $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--minerals, metallurgical products, agricultural products, manufactures;
  • partners--USSR, China, Japan, FRG, Hong Kong, Singapore

Korea, South now South Korea

  • $62.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--textiles, clothing, electronic and electrical equipment, footwear, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships, fish;
  • partners--US 33%, Japan 21%

Maldives

  • $47.0 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--fish 57%, clothing 39%;
  • partners--Thailand, Western Europe, Sri Lanka

Mongolia

  • $388 million (f.o.b., 1985);
  • commodities--livestock, animal products, wool, hides, fluorspar, nonferrous metals, minerals;
  • partners--nearly all trade with Communist countries (about 80% with USSR)

Nepal

  • $374 million (f.o.b., FY89 est.), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India;
  • commodities--clothing, carpets, leather goods, grain;
  • partners--India 38%, US 23%, UK 6%, other Europe 9% (FY88)

Pakistan

  • $4.5 billion (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--rice, cotton, textiles, clothing;
  • partners--EC 31%, US 11%, Japan 11% (FY88)

Sri Lanka

  • $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--tea, textiles and garments, petroleum products, coconut, rubber, agricultural products, gems and jewelry, marine products;
  • partners--US 26%, Egypt, Iraq, UK, FRG, Singapore, Japan

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

  • $NA;
  • commodities--lobsters and salt;
  • partners--NA

Antigua and Barbuda

  • $30.4 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum products 46%, manufactures 29%, food and live animals 14%, machinery and transport equipment 11%;
  • partners--Trinidad and Tobago 40%, Barbados 8%, US 0.3%

Aruba

  • $47.5 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--mostly petroleum products;
  • partners--US 64%, EC

The Bahamas

  • $733 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--pharmaceuticals, cement, rum, crawfish;
  • partners--US 90%, UK 10%

Barbados

  • $173 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar and molasses, electrical components, clothing, rum, machinery and transport equipment;
  • partners: US 30%, CARICOM, UK, Puerto Rico, Canada

Belize

  • $120 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar, clothing, seafood, molasses, citrus, wood and wood products;
  • partners--US 47%, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Canada (1987)

British Virgin Islands

  • $2.3 million (f.o.b., 1985);
  • commodities--rum, fresh fish, gravel, sand, fruits, animals;
  • partners--Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US

Cayman Islands

  • $2.2 million (f.o.b., 1986 est.);
  • commodities--turtle products, manufactured consumer goods;
  • partners--mostly US

Costa Rica

  • $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar;
  • partners--US 75%, FRG, Guatemala, Netherlands, UK, Japan

Cuba

  • $5.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar, nickel, shellfish, citrus, tobacco, coffee;
  • partners--USSR 67%, GDR 6%, China 4% (1988)

Dominica

  • $46 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--bananas, coconuts, grapefruit, soap, galvanized sheets;
  • partners--UK 72%, Jamaica 10%, OECS 6%, US 3%, other 9%

Dominican Republic

  • $711 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar, coffee, cocoa, gold, ferronickel;
  • partners--US, including Puerto Rico, 74%

El Salvador

  • $497 million (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--coffee 60%, sugar, cotton, shrimp;
  • partners--US 49%, FRG 24%, Guatemala 7%, Costa Rica 4%, Japan 4%

Grenada

  • $31.8 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--nutmeg 35%, cocoa beans 15%, bananas 13%, mace 7%, textiles;
  • partners--US 4%, UK, FRG, Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago

Guadeloupe

  • $109 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--bananas, sugar, rum;
  • partners--France 72%, Martinique 16% (1984)

Guatemala

  • $1.02 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coffee 38%, bananas 7%, sugar 7%, cardamom 4%;
  • partners--US 29%, El Salvador, FRG, Costa Rica, Italy

Haiti

  • $200 million (f.o.b., FY88);
  • commodities--light manufactures 65%, coffee 17%, other agriculture 8%, other products 10%;
  • partners--US 77%, France 5%, Italy 4%, FRG 3%, other industrial 9%, less developed countries 2% (FY86)

Honduras

  • $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--bananas, coffee, shrimp, lobster, minerals, lumber;
  • partners--US 52%, FRG 11%, Japan, Italy, Belgium

Jamaica

  • $948 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--bauxite, alumina, sugar, bananas;
  • partners--US 40%, UK, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Norway

Martinique

  • $209 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples;
  • partners--France 65%, Guadeloupe 26% (1986)

Montserrat

  • $3.0 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--plastic bags, electronic parts, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle;
  • partners--NA

Netherlands Antilles

  • $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum products 98%;
  • partners--US 55%, UK 7%, Jamaica 5%

Nicaragua

  • $250 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, seafood, meat, chemicals;
  • partners--CEMA 15%, OECD 75%, others 10%

Panama

  • $220 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--bananas 40%, shrimp 27%, coffee 4%, sugar, petroleum products;
  • partners--US 90%, Central America and Caribbean, EC (1989 est.)

Puerto Rico

  • $13.2 billion (f.o.b., FY88);
  • commodities--sugar, coffee, petroleum products, chemical, metal products, textiles, electronic equipment;
  • partners--US 87%

St. Kitts and Nevis now Saint Kitts and Nevis

  • $30.3 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar, manufactures, postage stamps;
  • partners--US 44%, UK 30%, Trinidad and Tobago 12% (1987)

St. Lucia now Saint Lucia

  • $76.8 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--bananas 67%, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil, clothing;
  • partners--UK 55%, CARICOM 21%, US 18%, other 6%

St. Vincent and the Grenadines now Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

  • $63.8 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch, copra;
  • partners--CARICOM 60%, UK 27%, US 10%

Trinidad and Tobago

  • $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--includes reexports--petroleum and petroleum products 70%, fertilizer, chemicals 15%, steel products, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus (1987);
  • partners--US 61%, EC 15%, CARICOM 9%, Latin America 7%, Canada 3% (1986)

Turks and Caicos Islands

  • $2.9 million (f.o.b., FY84);
  • commodities--lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells;
  • partners--US, UK

Virgin Islands

  • $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1985);
  • commodities--refined petroleum products;
  • partners--US, Puerto Rico

Europe

36 entries

Albania

  • $378 million (f.o.b., 1987 est.);
  • commodities--asphalt, bitumen, petroleum products, metals and metallic ores, electricity, oil, vegetables, fruits, tobacco;
  • partners--Italy, Yugoslavia, FRG, Greece, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary

Andorra

  • $0.017 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--electricity;
  • partners--France, Spain

Austria

  • $31.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals;
  • partners--FRG 35%, Italy 10%, Eastern Europe 9%, Switzerland 7%, US 4%, OPEC 3%

Belgium

  • $100.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union;
  • commodities--iron and steel, transportation equipment, tractors, diamonds, petroleum products;
  • partners--EC 74%, US 5%, Communist countries 2% (1988)

Bulgaria

  • $20.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment 60.5%;
  • agricultural products 14.7%;
  • manufactured consumer goods 10.6%;
  • fuels, minerals, raw materials, and metals 8.5%;
  • other 5.7%;
  • partners--Socialist countries 82.5% (USSR 61%, GDR 5.5%, Czechoslovakia 4.9%);
  • developed countries 6.8% (FRG 1.2%, Greece 1.0%);
  • less developed countries 10.7% (Libya 3.5%, Iraq 2.9%)

Czechoslovakia

  • $24.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment 58.5%;
  • industrial consumer goods 15.2%;
  • fuels, minerals, and metals 10.6%;
  • agricultural and forestry products 6.1%, other products 15.2%;
  • partners--USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US

Denmark

  • $27.7 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery;
  • partners--US 6.0%, FRG, Norway, Sweden, UK, other EC, Japan

Faroe Islands

  • $267 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--fish and fish products 86%, animal feedstuffs, transport equipment;
  • partners--Denmark 18%, US 14%, FRG, France, UK, Canada

Finland

  • $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, clothing and footwear;
  • partners--EC 44.2% (UK 13.0%, FRG 10.8%), USSR 14.9%, Sweden 14.1%, US 5.8%

France

  • $183.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing;
  • partners--FRG 15.8%, Italy 12.2%, UK 9.8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8.9%, Netherlands 8.7%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.6%, Japan 1.8%, USSR 1.3% (1989 est.)

German Democratic Republic

  • $30.7 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--machinery and transport equipment 47%, fuels and metals 16%, consumer goods 16%, chemical products and building materials 13%, semimanufactured goods and processed foodstuffs 8%;
  • partners--USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, FRG, Hungary, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Romania

Germany, Federal Republic of now Germany

  • $323.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--manufactures 86.6% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 4.9%, raw materials 2.3%, fuels 1.3%;
  • partners--EC 52.7% (France 12%, Netherlands 9%, Italy 9%, UK 9%, Belgium-Luxembourg 7%), other West Europe 18%, US 10%, Eastern Europe 4%, OPEC 3% (1987)

Gibraltar

  • $62.2 million (1985);
  • commodities--(principally reexports) petroleum 75%, beverages and tobacco 12%, manufactured goods 8%;
  • partners--UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG

Greece

  • $5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--manufactured goods, food and live animals, fuels and lubricants, raw materials;
  • partners--FRG 24%, Italy 14%, nonoil developing countries 11.8%, France 9.5%, US 7.1%, UK 6.8%

Guernsey

  • $NA;
  • commodities--tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables;
  • partners--UK (regarded as internal trade)

Hungary

  • $19.1 billion (f.o.b. 1988);
  • commodities--capital goods 36%, foods 24%, consumer goods 18%, fuels and minerals 11%, other 11%;
  • partners USSR 48%, Eastern Europe 25%, developed countries 16%, less developed countries 8% (1987)

Ireland

  • $20.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--live animals, animal products, chemicals, data processing equipment, industrial machinery;
  • partners--EC 74% (UK 35%, FRG 11%, France 9%), US 8%

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

  • $NA;
  • commodities--tweeds, herring, processed shellfish meat;
  • partners--UK

Italy

  • $141.6 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--textiles, wearing apparel, metals, transportation equipment, chemicals;
  • partners--EC 57%, US 9%, OPEC 4%

Jersey

  • $NA;
  • commodities--light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles;
  • partners--UK

Liechtenstein

  • $807 million;
  • commodities--small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery;
  • partners--EC 40%, EFTA 26% (Switzerland 19%) (1986)

Luxembourg

  • $4.7 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products;
  • partners--EC 75%, US 6%

Malta

  • $710 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--clothing, textiles, footwear, ships;
  • partners--FRG 31%, UK 14%, Italy 14%

Monaco

  • $NA;
  • full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties;
  • also participates in EC market system through customs union with France

Netherlands

  • $110.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--agricultural products, processed foods and tobacco, natural gas, chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing;
  • partners--EC 74.9% (FRG 28.3%, Belgium-Luxembourg 14.2%, France 10.7%, UK 10.2%), US 4.7% (1988)

Norway

  • $22.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--petroleum and petroleum products 25%, natural gas 11%, fish 7%, aluminum 6%, ships 3.5%, pulp and paper;
  • partners--UK 26%, EFTA 16.3%, less developed countries 14%, Sweden 12%, FRG 12%, US 6%, Denmark 5% (1988)

Poland

  • $24.7 billion (f.o.b., 1987 est.);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment 63%;
  • fuels, minerals, and metals 14%;
  • manufactured consumer goods 14%;
  • agricultural and forestry products 5% (1987 est.);
  • partners--USSR 25%, FRG 12%, Czechoslovakia 6% (1988)

Portugal

  • $11.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, appliances;
  • partners--EC 72%, other developed countries 13%, US 6%

Romania

  • $11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment 34.7%, fuels, minerals and metals 24.7%, manufactured consumer goods 16.9%, agricultural materials and forestry products 11.9%, other 11.6% (1986);
  • partners--USSR 27%, Eastern Europe 23%, EC 15%, US 5%, China 4% (1987)

San Marino

  • trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;
  • commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures

Soviet Union

  • $110.7 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood, agricultural products, and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primarily capital goods and arms);
  • partners--Eastern Europe 49%, EC 14%, Cuba 5%, US, Afghanistan (1988)

Spain

  • $40.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--foodstuffs, live animals, wood, footwear, machinery, chemicals;
  • partners--EC 66%, US 8%, other developed countries 9%

Sweden

  • $52.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products;
  • partners--EC 52.1%, (FRG 12.1%, UK 11.2%, Denmark 6.8%), US 9.8%, Norway 9.3%

Switzerland

  • $51.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--machinery and equipment, precision instruments, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles and clothing;
  • partners--Europe 64% (EC 56%, other 8%), US 9%, Japan 4%

United Kingdom

  • $151.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment;
  • partners--EC 50.4% (FRG 11.7%, France 10.2%, Netherlands 6.8%), US 13.0%, Communist countries 2.3%

Yugoslavia

  • $13.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--raw materials and semimanufactures 50%, consumer goods 31%, capital goods and equipment 19%;
  • partners--EC 30%, CEMA 45%, less developed countries 14%, US 5%, other 6%

Middle East

18 entries

Bahrain

  • $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum 80%, aluminum 7%, other 13%;
  • partners--US, UAE, Japan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia

Cyprus

  • $767 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes;
  • partners--Middle East and North Africa 37%, UK 27%, other EC 11%, US 2%

Gaza Strip

  • $88 million; commodities--citrus; partners--Israel, Egypt (1989 est.)

Iran

  • $12.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides;
  • partners--Japan, Turkey, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, France, FRG

Iraq

  • $12.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--crude oil and refined products, machinery, chemicals, dates;
  • partners--US, Brazil, USSR, Italy, Turkey, France, Japan, Yugoslavia (1988)

Israel

  • $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products, military hardware, electronics;
  • partners--US, UK, FRG, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy

Jordan

  • $0.910 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--fruits and vegetables, phosphates, fertilizers;
  • partners--Iraq, Saudi Arabia, India, Kuwait, Japan, China, Yugoslavia, Indonesia

Kuwait

  • $7.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--oil 90%;
  • partners--Japan, Italy, FRG, US

Lebanon

  • $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--agricultural products, chemicals, textiles, precious and semiprecious metals and jewelry, metals and metal products;
  • partners--Saudi Arabia 16%, Switzerland 8%, Jordan 6%, Kuwait 6%, US 5%

Oman

  • $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum, reexports, processed copper, dates, nuts, fish;
  • partners--Japan, South Korea, Thailand

Qatar

  • $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum products 90%, steel, fertilizers;
  • partners--France, FRG, Italy, Japan, Spain

Saudi Arabia

  • $24.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum and petroleum products 89%;
  • partners--Japan 26%, US 26%, France 6%, Bahrain 6%

Syria

  • $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum, textiles, fruits and vegetables, phosphates;
  • partners--Italy, Romania, USSR, US, Iran, France

Turkey now Turkiye

  • $11.7 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--industrial products 70%, crops and livestock products 25%;
  • partners--FRG 18.4%, Iraq 8.5%, Italy 8.2%, US 6.5%, UK 4.9%, Iran 4.7%

United Arab Emirates

  • $10.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--crude oil 75%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates;
  • partners--US, EC, Japan

West Bank

  • $150 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--NA;
  • partners--Jordan, Israel

Yemen Arab Republic

  • $853 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--crude oil, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables;
  • partners--US 41%, PDRY 14%, Japan 12%

Yemen, People's Democratic Republic of now People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

  • $82.2 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish;
  • partners--Japan, YAR, Singapore

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

  • $23 million (f.o.b.,1985);
  • commodities--semitropical produce, light manufactures;
  • partners--US 25%, Italy 25%, UK 14%, Canada 5%, other 31%

Canada

  • $127.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--newsprint, wood pulp, timber, grain, crude petroleum, natural gas, ferrous and nonferrous ores, motor vehicles;
  • partners--US, Japan, UK, FRG, other EC, USSR

Mexico

  • $23.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--crude oil, oil products, coffee, shrimp, engines, cotton;
  • partners--US 66%, EC 16%, Japan 11%

St. Pierre and Miquelon now Saint Pierre and Miquelon

  • $23.3 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts;
  • partners--US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal

United States

  • $322.3 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products;
  • partners--Canada 22.9%, Japan 11.8% (1988)

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

  • $288 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--canned tuna 93%;
  • partners--US 99.6%

Australia

  • $43.2 billion (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--wheat, barley, beef, lamb, dairy products, wool, coal, iron ore;
  • partners--Japan 26%, US 11%, NZ 6%, South Korea 4%, Singapore 4%, USSR 3%

Cook Islands

  • $4.0 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothing;
  • partners--NZ 80%, Japan

Fiji

  • $312 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--sugar 49%, copra, processed fish, lumber;
  • partners--UK 45%, Australia 21%, US 4.7%

French Polynesia

  • $75 million (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--coconut products 79%, mother-of-pearl 14%, vanilla, shark meat;
  • partners--France 44%, US 21%

Guam

  • $39 million (f.o.b., 1983);
  • commodities--mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, copra, fish;
  • partners--US 25%, others 75%

Kiribati

  • $5.1 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--fish 55%, copra 42%;
  • partners--EC 20%, Marshall Islands 12%, US 8%, American Samoa 4% (1985)

Marshall Islands

  • $2.5 million (f.o.b., 1985);
  • commodities--copra, copra oil, agricultural products, handicrafts;
  • partners--NA

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

  • $1.6 million (f.o.b., 1983);
  • commodities--copra;
  • partners--NA

Nauru

  • $93 million (f.o.b., 1984);
  • commodities--phosphates;
  • partners--Australia, NZ

New Caledonia

  • $75 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--nickel metal 87%, nickel ore;
  • partners--France 56.3%, Japan

New Zealand

  • $8.9 billion (f.o.b., FY89);
  • commodities--wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fruit, fish, cheese, manufactures, chemicals, foresty products;
  • partners--EC 18.3%, Japan 17.9%, Australia 17.5%, US 13.5%, China 3.6%, South Korea 3.1%

Niue

  • $175,274 (f.o.b., 1985);
  • commodities--canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts;
  • partners--NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia

Norfolk Island

  • $1.8 million (f.o.b., FY85);
  • commodities--postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia Palm, small quantities of avocados;
  • partners--Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe

Northern Mariana Islands

  • $NA;
  • commodities--vegetables, beef, pork;
  • partners--NA

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the now Palau

  • $0.5 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--NA;
  • partners--US, Japan

Papua New Guinea

  • $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--gold, copper ore, coffee, copra, palm oil, timber, lobster;
  • partners--FRG, Japan, Australia, UK, Spain, US

Pitcairn Islands

  • $NA;
  • commodities--fruits, vegetables, curios;
  • partners--NA

Western Samoa now Samoa

  • $9.9 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--coconut oil and cream 42%, taro 19%, cocoa 14%, copra, timber;
  • partners--NZ 30%, EC 24%, Australia 21%, American Samoa 7%, US 9% (1987)

Solomon Islands

  • $80.1 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--fish 46%, timber 31%, copra 5%, palm oil 5%;
  • partners--Japan 51%, UK 12%, Thailand 9%, Netherlands 8%, Australia 2%, US 2% (1985)

Tokelau

  • $98,000 (f.o.b., 1983);
  • commodities--stamps, copra, handicrafts;
  • partners--NZ

Tonga

  • $9.1 million (f.o.b., FY88 est.);
  • commodities--coconut oil, desiccated coconut, copra, bananas, taro, vanilla beans, fruits, vegetables, fish;
  • partners--NZ 54%, Australia 30%, US 8%, Fiji 5% (FY87)

Tuvalu

  • $1.0 million (f.o.b., 1983 est.);
  • commodities--copra;
  • partners--Fiji, Australia, NZ

Vanuatu

  • $16 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--copra 37%, cocoa 11%, meat 9%, fish 8%, timber 4%;
  • partners--Netherlands 34%, France 27%, Japan 17%, Belgium 4%, New Caledonia 3%, Singapore 2% (1987)

Wallis and Futuna

  • $NA;
  • commodities--copra;
  • partners--NA

South America

14 entries

Argentina

  • $9.6 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, hides, wool;
  • partners--US 14%, USSR, Italy, Brazil, Japan, Netherlands

Bolivia

  • $634 million (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--metals 45%, natural gas 32%, coffee, soybeans, sugar, cotton, timber, and illicit drugs;
  • partners--US 23%, Argentina

Brazil

  • $34.2 billion (1989 est.);
  • commodities--coffee, metallurgical products, chemical products, foodstuffs, iron ore, automobiles and parts;
  • partners--US 28%, EC 26%, Latin America 11%, Japan 6% (1987)

Chile

  • $7.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--copper 48%, industrial products 33%, molybdenum, iron ore, wood pulp, fishmeal, fruits;
  • partners--EC 34%, US 22%, Japan 10%, Brazil 7%

Colombia

  • $5.76 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--coffee 30%, petroleum 24%, coal, bananas, fresh cut flowers;
  • partners--US 36%, EC 21%, Japan 5%, Netherlands 4%, Sweden 3%

Ecuador

  • $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum 47%, coffee, bananas, cocoa products, shrimp, fish products;
  • partners--US 58%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC countries

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

  • at least $14.7 million;
  • commodities--wool, hides and skins, and other;
  • partners--UK, Netherlands, Japan (1987 est.)

French Guiana

  • $37.0 million (f.o.b., 1986);
  • commodities--shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence;
  • partners--US 41%, Japan 18%, France 9% (1984)

Guyana

  • $215 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.) commodities--bauxite, sugar, rice, shrimp, gold, molasses, timber, rum;
  • partners--UK 37%, US 12%, Canada 10.6%, CARICOM 4.8% (1986)

Paraguay

  • $1,020 million (registered f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--cotton, soybean, timber, vegetable oils, coffee, tung oil, meat products;
  • partners--EC 37%, Brazil 25%, Argentina 10%, Chile 6%, US 6%

Peru

  • $3.55 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--fishmeal, cotton, sugar, coffee, copper, iron ore, refined silver, lead, zinc, crude petroleum and byproducts;
  • partners--EC 22%, US 20%, Japan 11%, Latin America 8%, USSR 4%

Suriname

  • $425 million (f.o.b., 1988 est.);
  • commodities--alumina, bauxite, aluminum, rice, wood and wood products, shrimp and fish, bananas;
  • partners--Netherlands 28%, US 22%, Norway 18%, Japan 11%, Brazil 10%, UK 4%

Uruguay

  • $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--hides and leather goods 17%, beef 10%, wool 9%, fish 7%, rice 4%;
  • partners--Brazil 17%, US 15%, FRG 10%, Argentina 10% (1987)

Venezuela

  • $10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--petroleum 81%, bauxite and aluminum, iron ore, agricultural products, basic manufactures;
  • partners--US 50.3%, FRG 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (1988)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

  • $2.07 billion (f.o.b., 1987);
  • commodities--crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products;
  • partners--Japan 55% (1986)

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

$311 million (f.o.b., FY88 est.) commodities--teak, rice, oilseed, metals, rubber, gems; partners--Southeast Asia, India, China, EC, Africa

Cambodia

  • $32 million (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood;
  • partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Christmas Island

  • $NA;
  • commodities--phosphate;
  • partners--Australia, NZ

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

  • $NA;
  • commodities--copra;
  • partners--Australia

Hong Kong

  • $63.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988), including reexports of $22.9 billion;
  • commodities--clothing, textile yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks, toys;
  • partners--US 31%, China 14%, FRG 8%, UK 6%, Japan 5%

Indonesia

  • $21.0 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--petroleum and liquefied natural gas 40%, timber 15%, textiles 7%, rubber 5%, coffee 3%;
  • partners--Japan 42%, US 16%, Singapore 9%, EC 11% (1988)

Laos

  • $57.5 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities-- electricity, wood products, coffee, tin;
  • partners--Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, USSR, US

Macau

  • $1.7 billion (1989 est.);
  • commodities--textiles, clothing, toys;
  • partners--US 33%, Hong Kong 15%, FRG 12%, France 10% (1987)

Malaysia

  • $24 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum, electronics, light manufactures;
  • partners--Singapore, Japan, USSR, EC, Australia, US

Philippines

  • revenues $8.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--electrical equipment 19%, textiles 16%, minerals and ores 11%, farm products 10%, coconut 10%, chemicals 5%, fish 5%, forest products 4%;
  • partners--US 36%, EC 19%, Japan 18%, ESCAP 9%, ASEAN 7%

Singapore

  • $46 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.);
  • commodities--includes transshipments to Malaysia--petroleum products, rubber, electronics, manufactured goods;
  • partners--US 24%, Malaysia 14%, Japan 9%, Thailand 6%, Hong Kong 5%, Australia 3%, FRG 3%

Taiwan

  • $66.2 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--textiles 9.7%, electrical machinery 19.0%, general machinery and equipment 14%, telecommunications equipment 9%, basic metals and metal products 7.4%, foodstuffs 0.9%, plywood and wood products 1.3%;
  • partners--US 36.2%, Japan 13.7%

Thailand

  • $19.9 billion (f.o.b., 1989);
  • commodities--textiles 12%, fishery products 12%, rice 8%, tapioca 8%, jewelry 6%, manufactured gas, corn, tin;
  • partners--US 18%, Japan 14%, Singapore 9%, Netherlands, Malaysia, Hong Kong, China (1988)

Vietnam

  • $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988);
  • commodities--agricultural and handicraft products, coal, minerals, ores;
  • partners--USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, Singapore

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1990, “Exports”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exports/1990.

How to cite