The CIA World Factbook Edition 1998 Economy

Exports In 36 editions of 36.

Exports was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1998 edition carries it in 234 entries, in its Economy section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1998 edition
234
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exports” (1990 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exports, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Exports in each edition

19902000201020202025

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World

1 entry

World

total value:
$5 trillion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
partners:
in value, about 75% of exports from the developed countries

Africa

57 entries

Algeria

total value:
$13.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
petroleum and natural gas 97%
partners:
  • Italy 18.8%,
  • US 14.8%,
  • France 11.8%,
  • Spain 8%,
  • Germany 7.9% (1995 est.)

Angola

total value:
$4 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil 90%,
  • diamonds,
  • refined petroleum products,
  • gas,
  • coffee,
  • sisal,
  • fish and fish products,
  • timber,
  • cotton
partners:
US 70%, EU

Benin

total value:
$192 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • crude oil,
  • palm products,
  • cocoa
partners:
  • Brazil 18%,
  • Portugal 14%,
  • Morocco,
  • Libya,
  • France

Botswana

total value:
$2.31 billion (f.o.b. 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • diamonds 71%,
  • copper and nickel 5%,
  • meat 3%
partners:
  • Europe 74%,
  • Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 22%,
  • Zimbabwe 3%

Burkina Faso

total value:
$298 million (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • animal products,
  • gold
partners:
  • Cote d'Ivoire,
  • France,
  • Italy,
  • Mali

Burundi

total value:
$40 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee 81%,
  • tea,
  • cotton,
  • hides
partners:
  • EU 60%,
  • US 7%,
  • Asia 1%

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

total value:
$12.8 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • shoes,
  • garments,
  • fish,
  • bananas,
  • hides,
partners:
  • Portugal,
  • Spain,
  • France,
  • UK

Cameroon

total value:
$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • crude oil and petroleum products,
  • lumber,
  • cocoa beans,
  • aluminum,
  • coffee,
  • cotton
partners:
EU (particularly France, Italy, and Spain) about 60%, African countries, Korea, Taiwan, and China

Central African Republic

total value:
$171 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • diamonds,
  • timber,
  • cotton,
  • coffee,
  • tobacco
partners:
  • France 16%,
  • Belgium-Luxembourg 40.1%,
  • Italy,
  • Japan,
  • US,
  • Spain,
  • Iran,
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo,
  • Republic of the Congo

Chad

total value:
$259 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • cattle,
  • textiles
partners:
  • Portugal 30%,
  • Germany 18%,
  • South Africa 16%,
  • France 7%

Comoros

total value:
$11.4 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • vanilla,
  • ylang-ylang,
  • cloves,
  • perfume oil,
  • copra
partners:
  • France 54%,
  • Germany 18%,
  • US 18%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

total value:
$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • diamonds,
  • copper,
  • coffee,
  • cobalt,
  • crude oil
partners:
  • Belgium,
  • US,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Italy,
  • UK,
  • Japan,
  • South Africa

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

total value:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • crude oil 90%,
  • lumber,
  • plywood,
  • sugar,
  • cocoa,
  • coffee,
  • diamonds
partners:
  • Belgium-Luxembourg 24.3%,
  • Taiwan 20.2%,
  • US 14.9%,
  • Italy 14.8% (1995 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

total value:
$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • cocoa 36%,
  • coffee 22%;
  • tropical woods 4%,
  • petroleum,
  • cotton,
  • bananas,
  • pineapples,
  • palm oil,
  • cotton,
  • fish
partners:
  • France 18%,
  • Germany 8%,
  • Italy 8%,
  • Netherlands 8%,
  • Burkina Faso,
  • Mali,
  • US,
  • UK

Djibouti

total value:
$39.6 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
hides and skins, coffee (in transit) (1995)
partners:
  • Ethiopia 45%,
  • Somalia,
  • Yemen,
  • Saudi Arabia (1996)

Egypt

total value:
$5.1 billion (f.o.b., FY96/97 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil and petroleum products,
  • cotton yarn,
  • raw cotton,
  • textiles,
  • metal products,
  • chemicals
partners:
  • EU,
  • US,
  • Japan

Equatorial Guinea

total value:
$197 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum,
  • timber,
  • cocoa
partners:
  • US 34%,
  • Japan 17%,
  • Spain 13%,
  • China 13%,
  • Nigeria

Eritrea

total value:
$71 million (1996 est.)
commodities:
  • livestock,
  • sorghum,
  • textiles,
  • food,
  • small manufactures
partners:
  • Ethiopia 67%,
  • Sudan 10%,
  • Saudi Arabia 4%,
  • US 3%,
  • Italy,
  • Yemen (1996)

Swaziland now Eswatini

total value:
$893 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • soft drink concentrates,
  • sugar,
  • wood pulp,
  • cotton yarn (1995)
partners:
  • South Africa 58%,
  • EU 20%,
  • Mozambique 6% (1994)

Ethiopia

total value:
$418 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • leather products,
  • gold (1995)
partners:
  • Germany 32%,
  • Japan 14%,
  • Djibouti 7%,
  • Saudi Arabia 8%,
  • Italy 8% (1994)

Gabon

total value:
$3.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil 81%,
  • timber 12%,
  • manganese 5%,
  • uranium (1996)
partners:
  • US 50%,
  • France 16%,
  • Japan 8%,
  • China,
  • Spain,
  • Germany (1996)

Gambia, The now The Gambia

total value:
$160 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • peanuts and peanut products 70%,
  • fish,
  • cotton lint,
  • palm kernels
partners:
  • Japan,
  • Senegal,
  • Hong Kong,
  • France,
  • Switzerland,
  • UK,
  • Indonesia

Ghana

total value:
$1.57 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
gold 39%, cocoa 35%, timber 9.4%, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, and diamonds (1996 est.)
partners:
  • UK,
  • Germany,
  • US,
  • Netherlands,
  • Japan,
  • Nigeria

Guinea

total value:
$748 million (1995 est.)
commodities:
  • bauxite,
  • alumina,
  • diamonds,
  • gold,
  • coffee,
  • fish,
  • agricultural products
partners:
  • US 21%,
  • Belgium-Luxembourg 21%,
  • Ireland 15%,
  • Spain 15% (1995)

Guinea-Bissau

total value:
$25.8 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cashews 95%,
  • fish,
  • peanuts,
  • palm kernels,
  • sawn lumber (1994)
partners:
  • Spain 35%,
  • India 30%,
  • Thailand 10%,
  • Italy 10% (1995)

Kenya

total value:
$2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • tea 18%,
  • coffee 15%,
  • petroleum products (1995)
partners:
  • Uganda 22.8%,
  • UK 20.1%,
  • Tanzania 19.1%,
  • Germany 14.0%,
  • Netherlands 7.6%,
  • US 6.1%

Lesotho

total value:
$218 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • clothing,
  • wool,
  • footwear,
  • road vehicles,
  • mohair (1995)
partners:
  • South African Customs Union 52%,
  • North America 38%,
  • EU 9% (1995)

Liberia

total value:
$667 million (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities:
  • diamonds,
  • iron ore,
  • rubber,
  • timber,
  • coffee
partners:
  • US,
  • EU,
  • Netherlands,
  • Singapore

Libya

total value:
$9 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • crude oil,
  • refined petroleum products,
  • natural gas
partners:
  • Italy,
  • Germany,
  • Spain,
  • France,
  • Turkey,
  • Greece,
  • Egypt

Madagascar

total value:
$493 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • coffee 45%,
  • vanilla 20%,
  • cloves,
  • shellfish,
  • sugar,
  • petroleum products (1995 est.)
partners:
  • France 41%,
  • US,
  • Japan,
  • Italy (1995)

Malawi

total value:
$405 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • tobacco,
  • tea,
  • sugar,
  • coffee,
  • peanuts,
  • wood products
partners:
  • US,
  • South Africa,
  • Germany,
  • Japan

Mali

total value:
$473 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • livestock,
  • gold
partners:
mostly franc zone and Western Europe

Mauritania

total value:
$494 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • fish and fish products,
  • iron ore,
  • gold
partners:
  • Japan 22%,
  • Italy 16%,
  • France 14%

Mauritius

total value:
$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
clothing and textiles 55%, sugar 24% (1995)
partners:
  • UK 34%,
  • France 21%,
  • US 15%,
  • Germany 6%,
  • Italy 4% (1995)

Mayotte

total value:
$3.64 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • ylang-ylang (perfume essence),
  • vanilla,
  • copra
partners:
  • France 80%,
  • Comoros 15%,
  • Reunion

Morocco

total value:
$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • food and beverages 30%,
  • semiprocessed goods 23%,
  • consumer goods 21%,
  • phosphates 17% (1995 est.)
partners:
  • EU 63%,
  • Japan 7.7%,
  • India 6.6%,
  • US 3.4%,
  • Libya 3.4% (1996 est.)

Mozambique

total value:
$226 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • shrimp 40%,
  • cashews,
  • cotton,
  • sugar,
  • copra,
  • citrus
partners:
  • Spain,
  • South Africa,
  • Japan,
  • Portugal,
  • US

Namibia

total value:
$1.45 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • diamonds,
  • copper,
  • gold,
  • zinc,
  • lead,
  • uranium,
  • cattle,
  • processed fish,
  • karakul skins
partners:
  • UK,
  • South Africa,
  • Spain,
  • Japan (1994)

Niger

total value:
$188 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • uranium ore 67%,
  • livestock products 20%,
  • cowpeas,
  • onions
partners:
  • France 41%,
  • Nigeria 22%,
  • Burkina Faso,
  • Cote d'Ivoire,
  • Japan 18%

Nigeria

total value:
$15 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • petroleum and petroleum products 95%,
  • cocoa,
  • rubber
partners:
US 40%, EU 21% (1995)

Reunion

total value:
$171.776 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities:
sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
partners:
  • France,
  • Mauritius,
  • Bahrain,
  • South Africa,
  • Italy,
  • Madagascar

Rwanda

total value:
$62.3 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • coffee 74%,
  • tea,
  • cassiterite,
  • wolframite,
  • pyrethrum (1995)
partners:
Brazil, EU

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

total value:
$704,000 (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), handicrafts
partners:
South Africa, UK

Sao Tome and Principe

total value:
$4.9 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cocoa 95%,
  • copra,
  • coffee,
  • palm oil
partners:
  • Netherlands 75.7%,
  • Germany 1.2%,
  • Portugal 1.1%

Senegal

total value:
$986 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • fish,
  • ground nuts (peanuts),
  • petroleum products,
  • phosphates,
  • cotton
partners:
  • France,
  • other EU countries,
  • Cote d'Ivoire,
  • Mali

Seychelles

total value:
$56.1 million ( f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • fish,
  • cinnamon bark,
  • copra,
  • petroleum products (re-exports)
partners:
  • France,
  • UK,
  • China,
  • Germany,
  • Japan (1993)

Sierra Leone

total value:
$47 million (f.o.b., 1996); note-much reduced in 1997 by civil warfare
commodities:
  • diamonds,
  • rutile,
  • cocoa,
  • coffee,
  • fish
partners:
  • US 20%,
  • Belgium 20%,
  • Spain 13%,
  • UK 6%,
  • other Western Europe

Somalia

total value:
$130 million (1994 est.)
commodities:
  • bananas,
  • live animals,
  • fish,
  • hides (1997)
partners:
  • Saudi Arabia 57%,
  • Yemen 14%,
  • Italy 13%,
  • UAE 10%,
  • US (bananas) (1995 est.)

South Africa

total value:
$31.3 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • gold 20%,
  • other minerals and metals 20%-25%,
  • food 5%,
  • chemicals 3% (1997)
partners:
  • Italy,
  • Japan,
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • UK,
  • other EU countries,
  • Hong Kong

Sudan

total value:
$620 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • cotton 23%,
  • sesame 22%,
  • livestock/meat 13%,
  • gum arabic 5% (1996)
partners:
  • Saudi Arabia 20%,
  • UK 14%,
  • China 11%,
  • Italy 8% (1996)

Tanzania

total value:
$760 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • manufactured goods,
  • cotton,
  • cashew nuts,
  • minerals,
  • tobacco,
  • sisal (1995)
partners:
  • EU,
  • Japan,
  • India,
  • US (1995)

Togo

total value:
$196 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • phosphates,
  • coffee,
  • cocoa
partners:
  • Canada 9.2%,
  • US 8.1%,
  • Taiwan 7.5%,
  • Nigeria 6.7% (1995 est.)

Tunisia

total value:
$5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • hydrocarbons,
  • textiles,
  • agricultural products,
  • phosphates and chemicals
partners:
  • EU 80%,
  • North African countries 6%,
  • Asia 4%,
  • US 1% (1996)

Uganda

total value:
$604 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • gold,
  • cotton,
  • tea,
  • corn,
  • fish
partners:
  • Spain 23%,
  • France 14%,
  • Germany 14%,
  • Italy 10%,
  • Netherlands 8% (1995)

Western Sahara

$NA

commodities:
phosphates 62%
partners:
Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts

Zambia

total value:
$975 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • copper,
  • zinc,
  • cobalt,
  • lead,
  • tobacco
partners:
  • EU countries,
  • Japan,
  • South Africa,
  • US,
  • Saudi Arabia,
  • India,
  • Thailand,
  • Malaysia

Zimbabwe

total value:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • agricultural 38% (tobacco 28%),
  • manufactures 34%,
  • gold 12%,
  • textiles 4%,
  • ferrochrome 7% (1996 est.)
partners:
  • South Africa 12%,
  • UK 12%,
  • Germany 6%,
  • Japan 6% (1996 est.)

Arctic Region

2 entries

Greenland

total value:
$363.4 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
fish and fish products 95%
partners:
  • Denmark 89%,
  • Japan 5%,
  • UK 5%

Iceland

total value:
$1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • fish and fish products 75%,
  • animal products,
  • aluminum,
  • ferrosilicon,
  • diatomite
partners:
  • UK 19%,
  • Germany 14%,
  • US 12%,
  • Japan 11%,
  • Denmark 8%,
  • France 7% (1995)

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

total value:
$80 million (1996 est.)
commodities:
  • fruits and nuts,
  • handwoven carpets,
  • wool,
  • cotton,
  • hides and pelts,
  • precious and semi-precious gems
partners:
  • FSU,
  • Pakistan,
  • Iran,
  • Germany,
  • India,
  • UK,
  • Belgium,
  • Luxembourg,
  • Czechoslovakia

Armenia

total value:
$290 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • gold and jewelry,
  • aluminum,
  • transport equipment,
  • electrical equipment,
  • scrap metal
partners:
  • Iran,
  • Russia,
  • Turkmenistan,
  • Georgia

Azerbaijan

total value:
$789 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • oil and gas,
  • chemicals,
  • oilfield equipment,
  • textiles,
  • cotton
partners:
  • CIS,
  • European countries,
  • Turkey

Bangladesh

total value:
$3.9 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • garments,
  • jute and jute goods,
  • leather,
  • frozen fish and seafood
partners:
  • Western Europe 42%,
  • US 30%,
  • Hong Kong 4%,
  • Japan 3% (FY95/96 est.)

Bhutan

total value:
$77.4 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cardamom,
  • gypsum,
  • timber,
  • handicrafts,
  • cement,
  • fruit,
  • electricity (to India),
  • precious stones,
  • spices
partners:
India 94%, Bangladesh

China

total value:
$182.7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • electrical machinery,
  • clothing,
  • footwear,
  • toys,
  • mineral fuels,
  • leather,
  • plastics,
  • fabrics (1997)
partners:
  • Hong Kong,
  • US,
  • Japan,
  • South Korea,
  • Germany,
  • Netherlands (1997)

Georgia

total value:
$400 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products;
  • diverse types of machinery;
  • ferrous and nonferrous metals;
  • textiles;
  • chemicals;
  • fuel re-exports
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Turkey,
  • Armenia,
  • Azerbaijan,
  • Bulgaria (1996)

India

total value:
$33.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
gems and jewelry, clothing, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures, cotton yarn, and fabric
partners:
  • US,
  • Hong Kong,
  • UK,
  • Germany

Japan

total value:
$421 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
manufactures 96% (including machinery 50%, motor vehicles 19%, consumer electronics 3%)
partners:
  • US 27%,
  • Southeast Asia 17%,
  • EU 15%,
  • China 5%

Kazakhstan

total value:
$5.6 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • oil,
  • ferrous and nonferrous metals,
  • chemicals,
  • grain,
  • wool,
  • meat,
  • coal
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Ukraine,
  • Uzbekistan,
  • Netherlands,
  • China

Korea, North now North Korea

total value:
$912 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • minerals,
  • metallurgical products,
  • agricultural and fishery products,
  • manufactures (including armaments)
partners:
  • China,
  • Japan,
  • South Korea,
  • Germany,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Russia

Korea, South now South Korea

total value:
$129.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships;
  • textiles, clothing, footwear;
  • fish
partners:
  • US 17%,
  • EU 13%,
  • Japan 12% (1995)

Kyrgyzstan

total value:
$506 million (1996)
commodities:
  • cotton, wool, meat, tobacco;
  • gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower;
  • machinery;
  • shoes
partners:
  • China,
  • UK,
  • FSU

Maldives

total value:
$59 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
fish, clothing
partners:
  • Sri Lanka,
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • Singapore,
  • UK

Mongolia

total value:
$418 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • copper,
  • livestock,
  • animal products,
  • cashmere,
  • wool,
  • hides,
  • fluorspar,
  • other nonferrous metals
partners:
Russia 21%, China 18% (1996)

Nepal

total value:
$419 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) but does not include unrecorded border trade with India
commodities:
  • carpets,
  • clothing,
  • leather goods,
  • jute goods,
  • grain
partners:
  • India,
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • UK

Pakistan

total value:
$8.2 billion (FY96/97)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • textiles,
  • clothing,
  • rice,
  • leather,
  • carpets
partners:
  • EU,
  • US,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Japan

Russia

total value:
$86.7 billion (1997)
commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
partners:
  • Europe,
  • North America,
  • Japan,
  • Third World countries

Sri Lanka

total value:
$4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • textiles and apparel,
  • tea,
  • diamonds and other gems,
  • rubber products,
  • petroleum products (1995)
partners:
  • US 34%,
  • UK 9.5%,
  • Japan 6.2%,
  • Germany 5.8%,
  • Belgium-Luxembourg 5.3% (1996)

Tajikistan

total value:
$768 million (1996 est.)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • aluminum,
  • fruits,
  • vegetable oil,
  • textiles
partners:
FSU 78%, Netherlands (1994)

Turkmenistan

total value:
$1.7 billion to states outside the FSU (1996)
commodities:
  • natural gas,
  • cotton,
  • petroleum products,
  • textiles,
  • electricity,
  • carpets
partners:
  • FSU,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Switzerland,
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • Turkey (1996)

Uzbekistan

total value:
$3.8 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • gold,
  • natural gas,
  • mineral fertilizers,
  • ferrous metals,
  • textiles,
  • food products,
  • autos
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Ukraine,
  • Eastern Europe,
  • Western Europe

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

total value:
$1.8 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • lobster,
  • fish,
  • livestock,
  • salt
partners:
NA

Antigua and Barbuda

total value:
$45 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum products 48%,
  • manufactures 23%,
  • food and live animals 4%,
  • machinery and transport equipment 17%
partners:
  • OECS 26%,
  • Barbados 15%,
  • Guyana 4%,
  • Trinidad and Tobago 2%,
  • US 0.3%

Aruba

total value:
$1.7 billion (including oil re-exports) (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
mostly refined petroleum products
partners:
US 64%, EU

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

total value:
$201.7 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • pharmaceuticals,
  • cement,
  • rum,
  • crawfish,
  • refined petroleum products
partners:
  • US 24%,
  • Spain 14%,
  • UK 7%,
  • Norway 7%,
  • France 6%,
  • Italy 5% (1995 est.)

Barbados

total value:
$235 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • sugar and molasses,
  • rum,
  • other foods and beverages,
  • chemicals,
  • electrical components,
  • clothing
partners:
  • US 15%,
  • UK 15%,
  • Trinidad and Tobago 9%,
  • Windward Islands 8%

Belize

total value:
$166 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • sugar,
  • citrus fruits,
  • bananas,
  • clothing,
  • fish products,
  • molasses,
  • wood
partners:
  • US 44%,
  • UK 42%,
  • other EU 5%,
  • Canada 3% (1996)

British Virgin Islands

total value:
$3.4 million (f.o.b., 1990)
commodities:
  • rum,
  • fresh fish,
  • fruits,
  • animals;
  • gravel,
  • sand
partners:
  • Virgin Islands (US),
  • Puerto Rico,
  • US

Cayman Islands

total value:
$3.4 million (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities:
turtle products, manufactured consumer goods
partners:
mostly US

Costa Rica

total value:
$2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • bananas,
  • textiles,
  • sugar
partners:
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • Italy,
  • Guatemala,
  • El Salvador,
  • Netherlands,
  • UK,
  • France

Cuba

total value:
$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • sugar,
  • nickel,
  • tobacco,
  • shellfish,
  • medical products,
  • citrus,
  • coffee
partners:
Russia 18%, Netherlands 14% Canada 13% (1997 est.)

Dominica

total value:
$51.8 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • bananas 50%,
  • soap,
  • bay oil,
  • vegetables,
  • grapefruit,
  • oranges
partners:
  • Caricom countries 47%,
  • UK 36%,
  • US 7% (1996 est.)

Dominican Republic

total value:
$815 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • ferronickel,
  • sugar,
  • gold,
  • coffee,
  • cocoa
partners:
  • US 45%,
  • EU 34%,
  • Canada,
  • Japan,
  • Puerto Rico (1995)

El Salvador

total value:
$1.96 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • coffee, sugar;
  • shrimp;
  • textiles
partners:
  • US,
  • Guatemala,
  • Germany,
  • Costa Rica,
  • Honduras

Grenada

total value:
$24 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • bananas,
  • cocoa,
  • nutmeg,
  • fruit and vegetables,
  • clothing,
  • mace
partners:
  • Caricom 32.3%,
  • UK 20%,
  • US 13%,
  • Netherlands 8.8% (1991)

Guadeloupe

total value:
$145 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities:
  • bananas,
  • sugar,
  • rum
partners:
France 75%, Martinique 13% (1994)

Guatemala

total value:
$2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • sugar,
  • bananas,
  • cardamom,
  • petroleum
partners:
  • US 37%,
  • El Salvador 13%,
  • Honduras 7%,
  • Costa Rica 5%,
  • Germany 5%

Haiti

total value:
$90 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • light manufactures 53%,
  • coffee 17%,
  • other agriculture 17%
partners:
US 76.3%, EU 19.8% (1996)

Honduras

total value:
$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • bananas,
  • coffee,
  • shrimp,
  • lobster,
  • minerals,
  • meat,
  • lumber
partners:
  • US 54%,
  • Germany 7%,
  • Belgium 5%,
  • Japan 4%,
  • Spain 3% (1995)

Jamaica

total value:
$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • alumina,
  • bauxite,
  • sugar,
  • bananas,
  • rum
partners:
  • US 37%,
  • UK 13%,
  • Canada 12%,
  • Netherlands 9%,
  • Norway 7%

Martinique

total value:
$220 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities:
  • refined petroleum products,
  • bananas,
  • rum,
  • pineapples
partners:
  • France 57%,
  • Guadeloupe 31%,
  • French Guiana (1991)

Montserrat

total value:
$12.1 million (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities:
  • electronic components,
  • plastic bags,
  • apparel,
  • hot peppers,
  • live plants,
  • cattle
partners:
US, Ireland

Netherlands Antilles

total value:
$NA
commodities:
petroleum products 98% (1993)
partners:
  • US 39%,
  • Brazil 9%,
  • Colombia 6% (1993)

Nicaragua

total value:
$635 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coffee,
  • seafood,
  • meat,
  • sugar,
  • gold,
  • bananas
partners:
  • US,
  • Central America,
  • Germany,
  • Canada

Panama

total value:
$592 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • bananas 43%,
  • shrimp 11%,
  • sugar 4%,
  • clothing 5%,
  • coffee 2%
partners:
  • US 37%,
  • EU,
  • Central America and Caribbean

Puerto Rico

total value:
$22.9 billion (f.o.b. 1996)
commodities:
  • pharmaceuticals,
  • electronics,
  • apparel,
  • canned tuna,
  • rum,
  • beverage concentrates,
  • medical equipment
partners:
US 88% (1995 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

total value:
$39.1 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • machinery,
  • food,
  • electronics,
  • beverages and tobacco
partners:
  • US 46.6%,
  • UK 26.4%,
  • Caricom nations 9.8% (1994)

Saint Lucia

total value:
$79.5 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • bananas 41%,
  • clothing,
  • cocoa,
  • vegetables,
  • fruits,
  • coconut oil
partners:
  • UK 50%,
  • US 24%,
  • Caricom countries 16% (1995)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

total value:
$46 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • bananas 39%,
  • eddoes and dasheen (taro),
  • arrowroot starch,
  • tennis racquets
partners:
  • Caricom countries 49%,
  • UK 16%,
  • US 10% (1995)

Trinidad and Tobago

total value:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • petroleum and petroleum products,
  • chemicals,
  • steel products,
  • fertilizer,
  • sugar,
  • cocoa,
  • coffee,
  • citrus,
  • flowers
partners:
  • US 48%,
  • Caricom countries 15%,
  • Latin America 9%,
  • EU 5% (1994)

Turks and Caicos Islands

total value:
$6.8 million (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
  • lobster,
  • dried and fresh conch,
  • conch shells
partners:
US, UK

Virgin Islands

total value:
$1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
refined petroleum products
partners:
US, Puerto Rico

Europe

45 entries

Albania

total value:
$228 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • asphalt,
  • metals and metallic ores,
  • electricity,
  • crude oil,
  • vegetables,
  • fruits,
  • tobacco
partners:
  • Italy,
  • Greece,
  • Germany,
  • Belgium,
  • US

Andorra

total value:
$47 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • electricity,
  • tobacco products,
  • furniture
partners:
France 49%, Spain 47%

Austria

total value:
$57.8 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and equipment,
  • iron and steel,
  • lumber,
  • textiles,
  • paper products,
  • chemicals
partners:
  • EU 64.7% (Germany 37.7%, Italy 8.5%),
  • Eastern Europe 14.9%,
  • Japan 1.5%,
  • US 3.1% (1996)

Belarus

total value:
$5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and transport equipment,
  • chemicals,
  • foodstuffs
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Ukraine,
  • Poland,
  • Germany

Belgium

total value:
$172 billion (f.o.b., 1997) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU)
commodities:
  • iron and steel,
  • transportation equipment,
  • tractors,
  • diamonds,
  • petroleum products
partners:
  • EU 67.2% (Germany 19%),
  • US 5.8%,
  • former Communist countries 1.4% (1994)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

total value:
$152 million (1995 est.)
commodities:
NA
partners:
NA

Bulgaria

total value:
$4.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • machinery and equipment 15.2%;
  • agriculture and food 18.9%;
  • textiles and apparel 14.8%;
  • metals, minerals, and fuels 26.5%;
  • chemicals and plastics 20%;
  • other 4.6% (1996)
partners:
  • OECD 50.0% (EU 37.2%);
  • CIS and Central and Eastern Europe 32.4%;
  • Arab countries 5.8%;
  • other 11.8% (1995)

Croatia

total value:
$4.3 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • machinery and transport equipment 13.6%,
  • miscellaneous manufactures 27.6%,
  • chemicals 14.2%,
  • food and live animals 12.2%,
  • raw materials 6.1%,
  • fuels and lubricants 9.4%,
  • beverages and tobacco 2.7% (1993)
partners:
  • Germany 22%,
  • Italy 21%,
  • Slovenia 18% (1994)

Czech Republic now Czechia

total value:
$21.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and equipment 32.7%,
  • manufactured goods 28.8%,
  • raw materials and fuel 9.2%,
  • food 4.1% (1996)
partners:
  • EU 60.9%,
  • CEFTA 21.4%,
  • Slovakia 13.9%,
  • EFTA 1.7% (1996)

Denmark

total value:
$48.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and instruments 25%,
  • meat and meat products,
  • fuels,
  • dairy products,
  • ships,
  • fish,
  • chemicals
partners:
  • Germany 22.5%,
  • Sweden 9.7%,
  • UK 7.9%,
  • Norway 5.9%,
  • France 5.4%,
  • Netherlands 4.4%,
  • US 4.0% (1995)

Estonia

total value:
$2 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • textiles 16%,
  • food products 16%,
  • machinery and equipment 16%,
  • metals 9% (1995)
partners:
  • Finland,
  • Russia,
  • Sweden,
  • Germany,
  • Latvia (1995)

Faroe Islands

total value:
$362 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • fish and fish products 92%,
  • animal feedstuffs,
  • transport equipment (ships)
partners:
  • Denmark 22.2%,
  • UK 25.8%,
  • Germany 9.7%,
  • France 8.3%,
  • Norway 6.2%,
  • US 2.0%

Finland

total value:
$38.4 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • paper and pulp,
  • machinery,
  • chemicals,
  • metals,
  • timber
partners:
  • EU 46.5% (Germany 13.4%, UK 10.4%),
  • Sweden 10.1%,
  • US 6.7%,
  • Japan 2.6%,
  • Russia 4.8% (1995)

France

total value:
$275 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • machinery and transportation equipment,
  • chemicals,
  • foodstuffs,
  • agricultural products,
  • iron and steel products,
  • textiles and clothing
partners:
  • Germany 17%,
  • Italy 9%,
  • UK 9%,
  • Spain 8%,
  • Belgium-Luxembourg 8%,
  • US 6%,
  • Netherlands 4.5%,
  • Japan 2%,
  • Russia 0.7% (1996)

Germany

total value:
$521.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • manufactures 88.2% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products),
  • agricultural products 5.0%,
  • raw materials 2.3%,
  • fuels 1.0%,
  • other 3.5% (1995)
partners:
  • EU 57.7% (France 11.7%, UK 8.1%, Italy 7.6%, Netherlands 7.5%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.5%, Austria 5.5%),
  • Eastern Europe 8.0%,
  • other West European countries 7.5%,
  • US 7.3%,
  • NICs 5.6%,
  • Japan 2.5%,
  • OPEC 2.2%,
  • China 1.4% (1996 est.)

Gibraltar

total value:
$83.7 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • (principally reexports) petroleum 51%,
  • manufactured goods 41%,
  • other 8%
partners:
  • UK,
  • Morocco,
  • Portugal,
  • Netherlands,
  • Spain,
  • US,
  • FRG

Greece

total value:
$9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • manufactured goods 53%,
  • foodstuffs 34%,
  • fuels 5% (1994)
partners:
EU 60% (Germany 22%, Italy 14%, France 6%, UK 6%), US 3% (1995)

Guernsey

$NA

commodities:
  • tomatoes,
  • flowers and ferns,
  • sweet peppers,
  • eggplant,
  • other vegetables
partners:
UK (regarded as internal trade)

Hungary

total value:
$16 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and equipment 36.6%,
  • other manufactures 40.6%,
  • agriculture and food products 15.1%,
  • raw materials 4.4%,
  • fuels and electricity 3.3% (1996)
partners:
EU 62.8% (Germany 29%, Austria 10.6%, Italy 8.0%), FSU 8.6% (1996)

Ireland

total value:
$54.8 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • chemicals,
  • data processing equipment,
  • industrial machinery,
  • live animals,
  • animal products
partners:
EU 66% (UK 22%, Germany 13%, France 8%), US 6%

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

$NA

commodities:
  • tweeds,
  • herring,
  • processed shellfish,
  • beef,
  • lamb
partners:
UK

Italy

total value:
$250.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • metals,
  • textiles and clothing,
  • production machinery,
  • motor vehicles,
  • transportation equipment,
  • chemicals
partners:
  • EU 53.4%,
  • US 7.8%,
  • OPEC 3.8%

Jersey

$NA

commodities:
  • light industrial and electrical goods,
  • foodstuffs,
  • textiles
partners:
UK

Latvia

total value:
$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • wood and wood products,
  • textiles,
  • foodstuffs
partners:
  • Russia,
  • other CIS,
  • Germany,
  • Sweden,
  • UK

Liechtenstein

total value:
$2.47 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • small specialty machinery,
  • dental products,
  • stamps,
  • hardware,
  • pottery
partners:
EU and EFTA countries 60.57% (Switzerland 15.7%) (1995)

Lithuania

total value:
$3.3 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • agricultural products 16.9%,
  • mineral products 15.7%,
  • textiles 15.2%,
  • machinery 11.4%,
  • live animals 7.7% (1996)
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Germany,
  • Belarus,
  • Latvia,
  • Ukraine (1996)

Luxembourg

total value:
$7.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • finished steel products,
  • chemicals,
  • rubber products,
  • glass,
  • aluminum,
  • other industrial products
partners:
  • Germany 28%,
  • France 18%,
  • Belgium 15%,
  • UK 7%,
  • Netherlands 5%

Malta

total value:
$1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and transport equipment,
  • clothing and footware,
  • printed matter
partners:
  • Italy 32%,
  • Germany 16%,
  • UK 8%

Moldova

total value:
$816 million (1997)
commodities:
  • foodstuffs,
  • wine,
  • tobacco,
  • textiles and footwear,
  • machinery
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Kazakhstan,
  • Ukraine,
  • Romania,
  • Germany

Monaco

  • $NA;
  • full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties;
  • also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Netherlands

total value:
$203.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • manufactures and machinery,
  • chemicals;
  • processed food and tobacco,
  • agricultural products
partners:
  • EU 80% (Germany 29%, Belgium-Luxembourg 13%, UK 10%),
  • Central and Eastern Europe 4%,
  • US 3% (1996)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of now North Macedonia

total value:
$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • food,
  • beverage,
  • tobacco 17.0%,
  • machinery and transport equipment 13.3%,
  • other manufactured goods 58%
partners:
  • Bulgaria,
  • other former Yugoslav republics,
  • Germany,
  • Italy

Norway

total value:
$49.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • petroleum and petroleum products 43%,
  • metals and products 11%,
  • foodstuffs (mostly fish) 9%,
  • chemicals and raw materials 25%,
  • natural gas 6.0%,
  • ships 5.4%
partners:
EU 77.2% (UK 19.8%, Germany 12.7%, Netherlands 9.1%, France 7.8%, Sweden 9.8%), US 6.0% (1995)

Poland

total value:
$26.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • intermediate goods 38%,
  • machinery and transport equipment 23%,
  • consumer goods 21%,
  • foodstuffs 10%,
  • fuels 7% (1996 est.)
partners:
  • Germany 34.5%,
  • Russia 6.8%,
  • France 5.9%,
  • Italy 5.6%,
  • US 4.8%,
  • Netherlands 4.1% (1996)

Portugal

total value:
$23.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • clothing and footwear,
  • machinery,
  • cork and paper products,
  • hides
partners:
EU 76%, other developed countries 9% (US 5%)

Romania

total value:
$8.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • textiles and footwear 27.5%,
  • metals and metal products 16.2%,
  • mineral products 9.0%,
  • chemicals 11.2%,
  • other 36.1% (1996)
partners:
  • Germany 18.1%,
  • Italy 16.7%,
  • France 5.6%,
  • Turkey 5%,
  • Netherlands 4.2%,
  • China 3.0% (1996)

San Marino

trade data are included with the statistics for Italy;

commodities:
building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics

Serbia and Montenegro

total value:
$2.8 billion (1996 est.)
commodities:
  • manufactured goods,
  • food and live animals,
  • raw materials
partners:
  • Russia,
  • Italy,
  • Germany

Slovakia

total value:
$8.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery and transport equipment 22.8%;
  • chemicals 12.2%;
  • miscellaneous manufactured goods 11.9%;
  • raw materials 4.4% (1996)
partners:
  • EU 41.3% (Germany 20.9%, Austria 6.0%),
  • Czech Republic 30.6%,
  • FSU 7.1% (1996)

Slovenia

total value:
$8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • manufactured goods 50.7%,
  • machinery and transport equipment 31.4%,
  • chemicals 10.5%,
  • food 3.8% (1995)
partners:
  • Germany 31%,
  • former Yugoslavia 16.5%,
  • Italy 13%,
  • Croatia 10%,
  • France 7%,
  • Austria 7%,
  • US 5% (1996)

Spain

total value:
$94.5 billion (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • cars and trucks,
  • semifinished manufactured goods,
  • foodstuffs,
  • machinery (1994)
partners:
  • EU 72.1%,
  • US 4.2%,
  • other developed countries 7.9% (1996)

Sweden

total value:
$84.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • machinery,
  • motor vehicles,
  • paper products,
  • pulp and wood,
  • iron and steel products,
  • chemicals,
  • petroleum and petroleum products
partners:
  • EU 59.1% (Germany 13.2%, UK 10.2%, Denmark 6.9%, France 5.1%),
  • Norway 8.1%,
  • Finland 4.8%,
  • US 8.0% (1994)

Switzerland

total value:
$99.2 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • machinery 29%,
  • chemicals 26%,
  • metals 8%,
  • agricultural products 4% (1996)
partners:
  • EU countries 61%,
  • US 9%,
  • Japan 4% (1996)

Ukraine

total value:
$15.2 billion (1997 est.)
commodities:
  • ferrous and nonferrous metals,
  • chemicals,
  • machinery and transport equipment,
  • food products
partners:
  • Russia,
  • China,
  • Belarus,
  • Turkey,
  • Germany (1997)

United Kingdom

total value:
$268 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • manufactured goods,
  • machinery,
  • fuels,
  • chemicals,
  • semifinished goods,
  • transport equipment
partners:
EU countries 53.2% (Germany 12.4%, France 9.9%, Netherlands 7.8%), US 11.4% (1996)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

total value:
$4.6 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products 61%, aluminum 7%
partners:
  • India 22%,
  • Japan 12%,
  • Saudi Arabia 6%,
  • US 6%,
  • UAE 5% (1995)

Cyprus

total value:
Greek Cypriot area: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • citrus,
  • potatoes,
  • grapes,
  • wine,
  • cement,
  • clothing and shoes
partners:
  • Russia 19.1%,
  • Bulgaria 16.4%,
  • UK 11.3%,
  • Greece 6.3%,
  • Germany 4.8%
total value:
Turkish Cypriot area: $70.5 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • citrus,
  • potatoes,
  • textiles
partners:
  • Turkey 48.2%,
  • UK 21.3%,
  • other EU 13.7%

Gaza Strip

total value:
$630 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) (includes West Bank)
commodities:
citrus
partners:
  • Israel,
  • Egypt,
  • West Bank

Iran

total value:
$19 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum 80%,
  • carpets,
  • fruits,
  • nuts,
  • hides,
  • iron,
  • steel
partners:
  • Japan,
  • US,
  • UK,
  • Germany,
  • South Korea,
  • UAE

Iraq

$NA

commodities:
crude oil
partners:
Jordan, Turkey (1996)

Israel

total value:
$20.7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • machinery and equipment,
  • cut diamonds,
  • chemicals,
  • textiles and apparel,
  • agricultural products,
  • metals
partners:
  • EU 32%,
  • US 31%,
  • Japan 7% (1996)

Jordan

total value:
$1.53 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • phosphates,
  • fertilizers,
  • potash,
  • agricultural products,
  • manufactures
partners:
  • Iraq,
  • India,
  • Saudi Arabia,
  • EU,
  • Indonesia,
  • UAE

Kuwait

total value:
$14.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
oil and refined products, fertilizers
partners:
  • Japan 29%,
  • US 16%,
  • Netherlands 13%,
  • Singapore 12% (1996 est.)

Lebanon

total value:
$1.018 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • paper and paper products 26%,
  • food stuffs 16%,
  • textiles and textile products 10%,
  • jewelry 8%,
  • metals and metal products 8%,
  • electrical equipment and products 8%,
  • chemical products 6%,
  • transport vehicles 4% (1995)
partners:
  • UAE 23%,
  • Saudi Arabia 14%,
  • Kuwait 8%,
  • Syria 7%,
  • Jordan 5%,
  • France 5%,
  • Italy 4%,
  • US 3% (1996)

Oman

total value:
$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum 75%,
  • reexports,
  • fish,
  • processed copper,
  • textiles
partners:
  • Japan 29%,
  • South Korea 17%,
  • China 12%,
  • Thailand 11%,
  • US 7% (1996)

Qatar

total value:
$5.8 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum products 80%,
  • fertilizers,
  • steel
partners:
  • Japan 55%,
  • Singapore 11%,
  • South Korea 6%,
  • Australia 3%,
  • UAE 3% (1996)

Saudi Arabia

total value:
$56.7 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products 90%
partners:
  • Japan 17%,
  • US 15%,
  • South Korea 10%,
  • Singapore 8%,
  • France 5% (1996 est.)

Syria

total value:
$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • petroleum 70%,
  • textiles 12%,
  • food and live animals 10%,
  • manufactures 5% (1997 est.)
partners:
  • EU 57% (Germany 17%, Italy 16%, France 11%),
  • Lebanon 14%,
  • Saudi Arabia 7% (1995 est.)

Turkey now Turkiye

total value:
$26 billion (f.o.b., 1997); note-substantial unrecorded exports estimated at $5.8 billion
commodities:
  • textiles and apparel 37%,
  • iron and steel products 10%,
  • foodstuffs 17% (1997)
partners:
  • Germany 20%,
  • US 8%,
  • Russia 8%,
  • UK 6%,
  • Italy 5% (1997)

United Arab Emirates

total value:
$33.2 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil 66%,
  • natural gas,
  • reexports,
  • dried fish,
  • dates
partners:
  • Japan 38%,
  • South Korea 7%,
  • Singapore 7%,
  • India 6%,
  • Oman 4%,
  • Iran 3% (1996)

West Bank

total value:
$630 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) (includes Gaza Strip)
commodities:
  • olives,
  • fruit,
  • vegetables,
  • limestone
partners:
Jordan, Israel

Yemen

total value:
$2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil,
  • cotton,
  • coffee,
  • dried and salted fish
partners:
  • China 23%,
  • South Korea 19%,
  • Thailand 14%,
  • Brazil 13%,
  • Japan 12%,
  • Thailand 7% (1995)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

total value:
$67.7 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
reexports of pharmaceuticals
partners:
  • Netherlands 50%,
  • Brazil 13%,
  • Canada 6% (1996)

Canada

total value:
$208.6 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • newsprint,
  • wood pulp,
  • timber,
  • crude petroleum,
  • machinery,
  • natural gas,
  • aluminum,
  • motor vehicles and parts;
  • telecommunications equipment
partners:
  • US,
  • Japan,
  • UK,
  • Germany,
  • South Korea,
  • Netherlands,
  • China

Mexico

total value:
$110.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.), includes in-bond industries
commodities:
  • crude oil,
  • oil products,
  • coffee,
  • silver,
  • engines,
  • motor vehicles,
  • cotton,
  • consumer electronics
partners:
  • US 85%,
  • Canada 2.1%,
  • Japan 1%,
  • Spain 1%,
  • Chile 1%,
  • Brazil 1% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

total value:
$5 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts
partners:
  • US 58%,
  • France 17%,
  • UK 11%,
  • Canada,
  • Portugal (1990)

United States

total value:
$625.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • capital goods,
  • automobiles,
  • industrial supplies and raw materials,
  • consumer goods,
  • agricultural products
partners:
  • Canada 22%,
  • Western Europe 21%,
  • Japan 11%,
  • Mexico 8% (1995)

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

total value:
$318 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
canned tuna 93%
partners:
US 99.6%

Australia

total value:
$68 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • coal,
  • gold,
  • meat,
  • wool,
  • alumina,
  • iron ore,
  • wheat,
  • machinery and transport equipment
partners:
  • Japan 20%,
  • ASEAN 16%,
  • South Korea 9%,
  • US 9%,
  • NZ 8%,
  • UK,
  • Taiwan,
  • Hong Kong,
  • China (1997)

Cook Islands

total value:
$4.2 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
commodities:
  • copra, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee;
  • fish;
  • pearls and pearl shells;
  • clothing
partners:
  • NZ 80%,
  • Japan,
  • Hong Kong (1993)

Fiji

total value:
$639 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • sugar 32%,
  • clothing,
  • gold,
  • processed fish,
  • lumber
partners:
  • EU 26%,
  • Australia 15%,
  • other Pacific island countries 11%,
  • Japan 6%

French Polynesia

total value:
$245 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities:
  • cultured pearls 53.8%,
  • coconut products,
  • mother-of-pearl,
  • vanilla,
  • shark meat (1992)
partners:
France 33%, US 8.5% (1994)

Guam

total value:
$86.1 million (f.o.b., 1992)
commodities:
  • mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products,
  • construction materials,
  • fish,
  • food and beverage products
partners:
  • US 25%,
  • former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 63%,
  • other 12%

Kiribati

total value:
$6.7 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • copra 62%,
  • seaweed,
  • fish
partners:
  • US,
  • Australia,
  • NZ (1996)

Marshall Islands

total value:
$17.5 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • fish,
  • coconut oil,
  • fish,
  • trochus shells
partners:
  • US,
  • Japan,
  • Australia

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

total value:
$73 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • fish,
  • garments,
  • bananas,
  • black pepper
partners:
  • Japan,
  • US,
  • Guam

Nauru

total value:
$25.3 million (f.o.b., 1991)
commodities:
phosphates
partners:
Australia, NZ

New Caledonia

total value:
$500 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
ferronickels, nickel ore
partners:
  • Japan 31%,
  • France 29%,
  • US 12%,
  • Australia 7%,
  • Taiwan 6% (1996 est.)

New Zealand

total value:
$18.5 billion (1997 est.)
commodities:
  • wool,
  • lamb,
  • mutton,
  • beef,
  • fish,
  • cheese,
  • chemicals,
  • forestry products,
  • fruits and vegetables,
  • manufactures,
  • dairy products,
  • wood
partners:
  • Australia 19%,
  • Japan 15%,
  • UK 15%,
  • US 12%

Niue

total value:
$117,500 (f.o.b., 1989)
commodities:
  • canned coconut cream,
  • copra,
  • honey,
  • passion fruit products,
  • pawpaw,
  • root crops,
  • limes,
  • footballs,
  • stamps,
  • handicrafts
partners:
  • NZ 89%,
  • Fiji,
  • Cook Islands,
  • Australia

Norfolk Island

total value:
$1.5 million (f.o.b., FY91/92)
commodities:
  • postage stamps,
  • seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm,
  • small quantities of avocados
partners:
  • Australia,
  • other Pacific island countries,
  • NZ,
  • Asia,
  • Europe

Northern Mariana Islands

NA

commodities:
garments
partners:
NA

Palau

total value:
$14.3 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • trochus (type of shellfish),
  • tuna,
  • copra,
  • handicrafts
partners:
US, Japan

Papua New Guinea

total value:
$2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • gold,
  • copper ore,
  • oil,
  • logs,
  • coffee,
  • palm oil,
  • cocoa,
  • lobster
partners:
  • Australia,
  • Japan,
  • Germany,
  • UK,
  • South Korea

Pitcairn Islands

$NA

commodities:
  • fruits,
  • vegetables,
  • curios
partners:
NA

Samoa

total value:
$10 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • coconut oil and cream,
  • copra,
  • fish,
  • beer (1996)
partners:
  • New Zealand 48%,
  • American Samoa 11%,
  • Australia 10%,
  • Germany 7%,
  • US 3% (1996)

Solomon Islands

total value:
$168 million (f.o.b., 1995)
commodities:
  • timber,
  • fish,
  • palm oil,
  • cocoa,
  • copra
partners:
  • Japan 39%,
  • UK 23%,
  • Thailand 9%,
  • Australia 5%,
  • US 2% (1991)

Tokelau

total value:
$98,000 (f.o.b., 1983)
commodities:
  • stamps,
  • copra,
  • handicrafts
partners:
NZ

Tonga

total value:
$15.3 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • squash,
  • fish,
  • vanilla,
  • root crops,
  • coconut oil
partners:
  • Japan 43%,
  • US 19%,
  • Canada 14%,
  • NZ 5%,
  • Australia 5% (1996 est.)

Tuvalu

total value:
$165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
commodities:
copra
partners:
  • Fiji,
  • Australia,
  • NZ

Vanuatu

total value:
$30 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • copra,
  • beef,
  • cocoa,
  • timber,
  • coffee
partners:
  • Japan 28%,
  • Spain 21%,
  • Germany 14%,
  • UK 7%,
  • Cote d'Ivoire 7%,
  • Australia,
  • New Caledonia (1996 est.)

Wallis and Futuna

total value:
$370,000 (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities:
copra, handicrafts
partners:
NA

South America

14 entries

Argentina

total value:
$25.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • meat,
  • wheat,
  • corn,
  • oilseed,
  • manufactures,
  • fuels
partners:
  • Brazil 26.1%,
  • US 8.5%,
  • Chile 7.0%,
  • Netherlands 5.7%,
  • Italy 3.5% (1995)

Bolivia

total value:
$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • metals 34%,
  • natural gas 9.4%,
  • soybeans 8.4%,
  • jewelry 11%,
  • wood 6.9%
partners:
  • US 22%,
  • UK 9.3%,
  • Colombia 8.7%,
  • Peru 7.4%,
  • Argentina 7.2%

Brazil

total value:
$53 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • iron ore,
  • soybean bran,
  • orange juice,
  • footwear,
  • coffee,
  • motor vehicle parts
partners:
  • EU 28%,
  • Latin America 23%,
  • US 20%,
  • Argentina 12% (1996)

Chile

total value:
$16.9 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • copper 37%,
  • other metals and minerals 8.2%,
  • wood products 7.1%,
  • fish and fishmeal 9.8%,
  • fruits 8.4% (1994)
partners:
  • EU 25%,
  • US 15%,
  • Asia 34%,
  • Latin America 20% (1995 est.)

Colombia

total value:
$11.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • petroleum,
  • coffee,
  • coal,
  • bananas,
  • fresh cut flowers
partners:
  • US 39%,
  • EC 25.7%,
  • Japan 2.9%,
  • Venezuela 8.5% (1992)

Ecuador

total value:
$3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • petroleum 30%,
  • bananas 26%,
  • shrimp 16%,
  • cut flowers 2%,
  • fish 1.9%
partners:
  • US 39%,
  • Latin America 25%,
  • EU countries 22%,
  • Asia 12%

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

total value:
$7.6 million (1995)
commodities:
  • wool,
  • hides,
  • meat
partners:
  • UK,
  • Netherlands,
  • Japan (1992)

French Guiana

total value:
$81 million (f.o.b., 1994)
commodities:
  • shrimp,
  • timber,
  • gold,
  • rum,
  • rosewood essence,
  • clothing
partners:
France 60%, EU 7%

Guyana

total value:
$546 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • sugar,
  • gold,
  • bauxite/alumina,
  • rice,
  • shrimp,
  • molasses
partners:
  • Canada 33%,
  • US 24%,
  • UK 22% (1994 est.)

Paraguay

total value:
$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • cotton,
  • soybeans,
  • timber,
  • vegetable oils,
  • meat products,
  • coffee,
  • tung oil
partners:
  • Brazil 48%,
  • Netherlands 22%,
  • Argentina 9%,
  • US 4%,
  • Uruguay 3%,
  • Chile 2% (1997)

Peru

total value:
$5.9 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • copper,
  • zinc,
  • fishmeal,
  • crude petroleum and byproducts,
  • lead,
  • refined silver,
  • coffee,
  • cotton
partners:
  • US 20%,
  • Japan 7%,
  • UK 7%,
  • China 7%,
  • Germany 5% (1996)

Suriname

total value:
$434.3 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • alumina,
  • aluminum,
  • shrimp and fish,
  • rice,
  • bananas
partners:
  • Norway 33%,
  • Netherlands 26%,
  • US 13%,
  • Japan 6%,
  • Brazil 6%,
  • UK 3% (1994)

Uruguay

total value:
$2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • wool and textile manufactures,
  • beef and other animal products,
  • rice,
  • fish and shellfish,
  • chemicals
partners:
  • Brazil,
  • Argentina,
  • US,
  • Germany,
  • Italy

Venezuela

total value:
$20.8 billion (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • petroleum 78%,
  • bauxite and aluminum,
  • steel,
  • chemicals,
  • agricultural products,
  • basic manufactures
partners:
  • US and Puerto Rico 55%,
  • Japan,
  • Netherlands,
  • Italy

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

total value:
$2.62 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil,
  • liquefied natural gas,
  • petroleum products
partners:
  • ASEAN 31%,
  • Japan 27%,
  • South Korea 26%,
  • UK,
  • Taiwan (1996 est.)

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

total value:
$693 million (1996)
commodities:
  • pulses and beans,
  • teak,
  • rice,
  • rubber,
  • hardwood
partners:
  • Singapore,
  • China,
  • Indonesia,
  • India,
  • Thailand

Cambodia

total value:
$615 million (1996 est.)
commodities:
  • timber,
  • garments,
  • rubber,
  • soybeans,
  • sesame
partners:
  • Singapore,
  • Japan,
  • Thailand,
  • Hong Kong,
  • Indonesia,
  • Malaysia,
  • US

Christmas Island

$NA

commodities:
phosphate
partners:
Australia, NZ

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

$NA

commodities:
copra
partners:
Australia

Hong Kong

total value:
$180.7 billion (including reexports; f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • clothing,
  • textiles,
  • yarn and fabric,
  • footwear,
  • electrical appliances,
  • watches and clocks,
  • toys
partners:
  • China 34%,
  • US 21%,
  • Japan 7%,
  • Germany 4%,
  • UK 3% (1996)

Indonesia

total value:
$53.4 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • textiles/garments 20.6%,
  • wood products 15.7%,
  • electronics 9.9%,
  • footwear 6.1%
partners:
  • Japan 27.1%,
  • US 13.9%,
  • Singapore 8.3%,
  • South Korea 6.4%,
  • Taiwan 3.9%,
  • China 3.8%,
  • Hong Kong 3.6% (1995)

Laos

total value:
$313.1 million (f.o.b., 1996)
commodities:
  • wood products,
  • garments,
  • electricity,
  • coffee,
  • tin
partners:
  • Vietnam,
  • Thailand,
  • Germany,
  • France

Macau

total value:
$1.99 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • textiles,
  • clothing,
  • toys,
  • electronics,
  • cement
partners:
  • US 42%,
  • EU 31.7%,
  • Hong Kong 10%,
  • China 9.8% (1996)

Malaysia

total value:
$78.2 billion (1996)
commodities:
  • electronic equipment,
  • petroleum and petroleum products,
  • palm oil,
  • wood and wood products,
  • rubber,
  • textiles
partners:
  • US 21%,
  • Singapore 20%,
  • Japan 12%,
  • Hong Kong 5%,
  • UK 4%,
  • Thailand 4%,
  • Germany 3% (1995)

Philippines

total value:
$25 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities:
  • electronics and telecommunications 51%,
  • machinery and transport 10%,
  • garments 9%,
  • other 30%
partners:
  • US 34%,
  • Japan 17%,
  • EU 17%,
  • ASEAN 14%,
  • Hong Kong 4%,
  • Taiwan 4% (1997 est.)

Singapore

total value:
$125.6 billion (1997 est.)
commodities:
  • computer equipment,
  • rubber and rubber products,
  • petroleum products,
  • telecommunications equipment
partners:
  • Malaysia 19%,
  • US 18%,
  • Hong Kong 9%,
  • Japan 8%,
  • Thailand 6% (1995)

Taiwan

total value:
$122.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
  • machinery and electrical equipment 21.7%,
  • electronic products 14.8%,
  • information/communications 11.8%,
  • textile products 11.6% (1997)
partners:
  • US 24.2%,
  • Hong Kong 23.5%,
  • Europe 15.1%,
  • Japan 9.6% (1997)

Thailand

total value:
$51.6 billion (f.o.b., 1997)
commodities:
manufactures 82%, agricultural products and fisheries 14% (1997)
partners:
  • US 19.6%,
  • Japan 14.9%,
  • Singapore 11%,
  • Hong Kong 5.7%,
  • Malaysia 4.3%,
  • UK 3.7% (1997)

Vietnam

total value:
$7.1 billion (f.o.b., 1996 est.)
commodities:
  • crude oil,
  • marine products,
  • rice,
  • coffee,
  • rubber,
  • tea,
  • garments,
  • shoes
partners:
  • Japan,
  • Germany,
  • Singapore,
  • Taiwan,
  • Hong Kong,
  • France,
  • South Korea

Cite this page

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1998, “Exports”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exports/1998.

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