Indonesia

• tropical;
• hot, humid;
• more moderate in highlands

• deforestation;
• water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage;
• air pollution in urban areas;
• smoke and haze from forest fires

party to:

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:

Marine Life Conservation

• archipelago of 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited);
• straddles equator;
• strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean

at birth:

1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:

1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:

1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:

0.77 male(s)/female

total population:

1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

degree of risk:

high

food or waterborne diseases:

bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases:

dengue fever, malaria, and chikungunya are high risks in some locations

note: at present, H5N1 avian influenza poses a minimal risk; during outbreaks among birds, rare cases could occur among US citizens who have close contact with infected birds or poultry (2005)

noun:

Indonesian(s)

adjective:

Indonesian

conventional long form:

Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form:

Indonesia

local long form:

Republik Indonesia

local short form:

Indonesia

former:

Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies

name:

Jakarta

geographic coordinates:

6 10 S, 106 48 E

time difference:

UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

note: Indonesia is divided into three time zones

• August 1945;
• abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959;
• series of amemdments concluded in 2002

• based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures and election codes;
• has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

chief of state:

• President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:

• President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO (since 20 October 2004) and Vice President Muhammad Yusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2004);
• note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:

Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:

• president and vice president were elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry;
• last held 20 September 2004 (next to be held in 2009)

election results:

Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO elected president receiving 60.6% of vote; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri received 39.4%

• House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (550 seats; members elected to serve five-year terms);
• House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions;
• People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) has role in inaugurating and impeaching president and in amending constitution;
• consists of popularly-elected members in DPR and DPD;
• MPR does not formulate national policy

elections:

last held 5 April 2004 (next to be held in 2009)

election results:

• percent of vote by party - Golkar 21.6%, PDI-P 18.5%, PKB 10.6%, PPP 8.2%, PD 7.5%, PKS 7.3%, PAN 6.4%, others 19.9%;
• seats by party - Golkar 128, PDI-P 109, PPP 58, PD 55, PAN 53, PKB 52, PKS 45, others 50

note: because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties

• Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature);
• a separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by the president on 16 August 2003;
• in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights;
• Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006

• Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA];
• Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO];
• Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA];
• Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri];
• National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB];
• National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR];
• Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING];
• United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ]

chief of mission:

Ambassador SUDJADNAN Parnohadiningrat

chancery:

2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:

[1] (202) 775-5200

FAX:

[1] (202) 775-5365

consulate(s) general:

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco

chief of mission:

Ambassador B. Lynn PASCOE

embassy:

Jalan 1 Medan Merdeka Selatan 4-5, Jakarta 10110

mailing address:

Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520

telephone:

[62] (21) 3435-9000

FAX:

[62] (21) 3435-9922

consulate(s) general:

Surabaya

consulate(s):

Medan; Denpasar (consular agency)

• two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white;
• similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter;
• also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

agriculture:

46.5%

industry:

11.8%

services:

41.7% (1999 est.)

lowest 10%:

3.6%

highest 10%:

28.5% (2002)

general assessment:

domestic service fair, international service good

domestic:

interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system

international:

country code - 62; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)

• condensate 944 km;
• condensate/gas 135 km;
• gas 9,175 km;
• oil 7,684 km;
• oil/gas/water 89 km;
• refined products 1,367 km (2006)

total:

6,458 km

narrow gauge:

5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)

total:

368,360 km

paved:

213,649 km

unpaved:

154,711 km (2002)

males age 18-49:

60,543,028

females age 18-49:

59,981,730 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49:

48,687,234

females age 18-49:

50,252,911 (2005 est.)

males age 18-49:

2,201,047

females age 18-49:

2,139,573 (2005 est.)

• East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey, and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the boundary remain unresolved;
• many East Timorese refugees who left in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation;
• Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern maritime boundary;
• a 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of their maritime boundary but outstanding issues remain;
• ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in 2002 left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the Ambalat oil block;
• the ICJ decision has prompted Indonesia to assert claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer islands;
• Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Batam Island;
• Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea;
• piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

current situation:

• Indonesia is a source, transit, and destination country for women, children and men trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labor;
• Indonesian victims are trafficked to Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore;
• a significant number of Indonesian women who go overseas each year to work as domestic servants or "cultural performers" are subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation;
• to a minimal extent, Indonesia is a destination for women from East Asia, Europe, and South America who are trafficked for sexual exploitation;
• there is extensive trafficking within Indonesia from rural to urban metropolitan areas particularly for sexual exploitation and involuntary domestic servitude

tier rating:

Tier 2 Watch List - Indonesia is placed on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking