The CIA World Factbook Edition 2025, the latest with this field Economy

Public debt In 22 editions of 36.

Public debt was published in 22 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 2004 to 2025. The 2025 edition carries it in 203 entries, in its Economy section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 2025 edition: 203
the first edition with it: 2004
the latest edition with it: 2025

Published as “Public debt” (2004 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Public debt, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

2025

Every edition with Public debt

Entries with Public debt in each edition

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World

1 entry

World

67.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Africa

54 entries

Algeria

27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt

Angola

75.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Benin

49.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Botswana

19.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Burkina Faso

61.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Burundi

48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Cabo Verde

127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Cameroon

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Central African Republic

56% of GDP (2016 est.)

Chad

52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Comoros

27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

16% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

47% of GDP (2016 est.)

Djibouti

33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Egypt

103% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Equatorial Guinea

43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Eritrea

132.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Eswatini

35.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ethiopia

31.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Gabon

64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Gambia, The now The Gambia

82.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Ghana

73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guinea

41.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

57.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Kenya

53.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Lesotho

3% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Liberia

28.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Libya

7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Madagascar

38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Malawi

55.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Mali

36% of GDP (2016 est.)

Mauritania

100% of GDP (2016 est.)

Mauritius

58% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Morocco

64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Mozambique

76.6% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Namibia

4.64% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Niger

45.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Nigeria

19.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Rwanda

37.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe

93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Senegal

47.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Seychelles

63.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sierra Leone

54.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Somalia

93% of GDP (2014 est.)

South Africa

76.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

South Sudan

86.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Sudan

99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Tanzania

38% of GDP (2016 est.)

Togo

81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Tunisia

62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Uganda

53.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Zambia

71.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Zimbabwe

69.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Arctic Region

1 entry

Iceland

80.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Asia

21 entries

Afghanistan

7.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Armenia

48.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Azerbaijan

16.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bangladesh

33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Bhutan

111% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

China

47% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt

Georgia

43.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

India

46.5% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Japan

215.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kazakhstan

20.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Korea, South now South Korea

52.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kyrgyzstan

40.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Maldives

61.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Mongolia

67.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Nepal

39.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Pakistan

67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Russia

18.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sri Lanka

79.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Tajikistan

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Turkmenistan

24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Uzbekistan

10.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Central America and the Caribbean

24 entries

Anguilla

20.8% of GDP (2014 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda

86.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Aruba

84.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

73.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Barbados

133.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belize

99% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Costa Rica

48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

Cuba

42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Dominica

71.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Dominican Republic

34.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

El Salvador

102.2% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Grenada

82% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guatemala

31.56% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Haiti

33.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Honduras

38.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Jamaica

106.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Nicaragua

33.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; Nicaragua rebased its GDP figures in 2012, which reduced the figures for debt as a percentage of GDP

Panama

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Puerto Rico

50.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

62.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Saint Lucia

69.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

82.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

37% of GDP (2016 est.)

Virgin Islands

45.9% of GDP (2014 est.)

Europe

41 entries

Albania

81.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Andorra

41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Austria

78.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belarus

33.2% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Belgium

92.5% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bosnia and Herzegovina

40.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Bulgaria

30.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Croatia

75.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Czechia

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Denmark

35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Estonia

28.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

European Union

85.5% of GDP (2013)

Finland

61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

France

98.5% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Germany

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank

Greece

190.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Hungary

75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ireland

45.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Italy

131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds

Kosovo

19.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Latvia

36.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Lithuania

36.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Luxembourg

23% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Malta

50.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: Malta reports public debt at nominal value outstanding at the end of the year, according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty for general government gross debt; the data include the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); general government comprises the central, state, and local governments, and social security funds

Moldova

34.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Montenegro

67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Netherlands

56.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

North Macedonia

39.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds

Norway

36.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Poland

50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Romania

50.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

San Marino

103.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Serbia

73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Slovakia

64.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Slovenia

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Spain

107.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Sweden

36.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Switzerland

19.9% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ukraine

58.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United Kingdom

138.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Middle East

16 entries

Bahrain

111.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Cyprus

97.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Iran

39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: includes publicly guaranteed debt

Iraq

27.4% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Israel

59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)

Jordan

102.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Kuwait

9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Lebanon

146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment

Oman

46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Qatar

46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Saudi Arabia

13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Syria

91.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Turkey (Turkiye) now Turkiye

33.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United Arab Emirates

19.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

West Bank

23.8% of GDP (2013 est.)

Yemen

68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

North America

3 entries

Canada

61.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Mexico

45.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

United States

114.8% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Oceania

16 entries

Australia

58% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Fiji

47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guam

32.1% of GDP (2013)

Kiribati

22.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Marshall Islands

41.6% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

27.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Nauru

65% of GDP (2016 est.)

New Caledonia

6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)

New Zealand

54% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Palau

85.2% of GDP (2019 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Papua New Guinea

52.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Samoa

52.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Solomon Islands

15.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Tonga

43.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Tuvalu

47.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Vanuatu

71.7% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

South America

12 entries

Argentina

55% of GDP (2016 est.)

Bolivia

49% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Brazil

83% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Chile

21% of GDP (2016 est.)

Colombia

71.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Ecuador

43.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

Guyana

50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Paraguay

18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Peru

35.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Suriname

75.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Uruguay

62.4% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Venezuela

38.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data cover central government debt, as well as the debt of state-owned oil company PDVSA; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include some debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; some debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Southeast Asia

14 entries

Brunei

2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

35.7% of GDP (2016 est.)

Cambodia

50.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Hong Kong

0.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Indonesia

45.34% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Laos

58.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Macau

0% of GDP (2016 est.)

Malaysia

64.3% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Philippines

39.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Singapore

175.6% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Taiwan

35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: data for central government

Thailand

61.1% of GDP (2023 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Timor-Leste

3.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Vietnam

58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2025, “Public debt”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/public-debt.

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