The CIA World Factbook Edition 1992 People

Labor force In 36 editions of 36.

Labor force was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1992 edition carries it in 234 entries, in its People section. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1992 edition: 234
the first edition with it: 1990
the latest edition with it: 2025

Published as “Labor force” (1990 to 2025).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Labor force, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

Entries with Labor force in each edition

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World

1 entry

World

2.24 billion (1992)

Africa

56 entries

Algeria

3,700,000;

industry and commerce 40%,
agriculture 24%,
government 17%,
services 10% (1984)

Angola

2,783,000 economically active; agriculture 85%, industry 15% (1985 est.)

Benin

1,900,000 (1987);
agriculture 60%, transport, commerce, and public services 38%, industry less than 2%;
49% of population of working age (1985)

Botswana

400,000;
198,500 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1990 est.);
14,600 are employed in various mines in South Africa (1990)

Burkina now Burkina Faso

3,300,000 residents;
30,000 are wage earners;
agriculture 82%, industry 13%, commerce, services, and government 5%;
20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (1984);
44% of population of working age (1985)

Burundi

1,900,000 (1983 est.);
agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%;
52% of population of working age (1985)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

102,000 (1985 est.);
agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981);
51% of population of working age (1985)

Cameroon

NA;
agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, other services 14.2% (1983);
50% of population of working age (15-64 years) (1985)

Central African Republic

775,413 (1986 est.);
agriculture 85%, commerce and services 9%, industry 3%, government 3%;
about 64,000 salaried workers;
55% of population of working age (1985)

Chad

NA; agriculture (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) 85%

Comoros

140,000 (1982);
agriculture 80%, government 3%;
51% of population of working age (1985)

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

15,000,000;
agriculture 75%, industry 13%, services 12%;
wage earners 13% (1981);
population of working age 51% (1985)

Congo now Republic of the Congo

79,100 wage earners;
agriculture 75%, commerce, industry, and government 25%;
51% of population of working age;
40% of population economically active (1985)

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

5,718,000;
over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising;
about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture and the remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions;
54% of population of working age (1985)

Djibouti

NA, but a small number of semiskilled laborers at the port and 3,000 railway workers; 52% of population of working age (1983)

Egypt

15,000,000 (1989 est.);
government, public sector enterprises, and armed forces 36%;
agriculture 34%;
privately owned service and manufacturing enterprises 20% (1984);
shortage of skilled labor;
2,500,000 Egyptians work abroad, mostly in Iraq and the Gulf Arab states (1988 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

172,000 (1986 est.);
agriculture 66%, services 23%, industry 11% (1980);
labor shortages on plantations;
58% of population of working age (1985)

Swaziland now Eswatini

195,000;
over 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture;
about 92,000 wage earners (many only intermittently), with agriculture and forestry 36%, community and social services 20%, manufacturing 14%, construction 9%, other 21%;
16,800 employed in South Africa mines (1990)

Ethiopia

18,000,000;

agriculture and animal husbandry 80%,
government and services 12%,
industry and construction 8% (1985)

Gabon

120,000 salaried;
agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%, government 2.5%;
58% of population of working age (1983)

The Gambia

400,000 (1986 est.);
agriculture 75.0%, industry, commerce, and services 18.9%, government 6.1%;
55% population of working age (1983)

Ghana

3,700,000;
agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional 3.7%;
48% of population of working age (1983)

Guinea

2,400,000 (1983);
agriculture 82.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%;
88,112 civil servants (1987);
52% of population of working age (1985)

Guinea-Bissau

403,000 (est.);
agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%;
population of working age 53% (1983)

Kenya

9.2 million (includes unemployed);
the total employed is 1.37 million (14.8% of the labor force);
services 54.8%, industry 26.2%, agriculture 19.0% (1989)

Lesotho

689,000 economically active;
86.2% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture;
roughly 60% of active male labor force works in South Africa

Liberia

510,000, including 220,000 in the monetary economy;
agriculture 70.5%, services 10.8%, industry and commerce 4.5%, other 14.2%;
non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs;
52% of population of working age

Libya

1,000,000, includes about 280,000 resident foreigners;

industry 31%,
services 27%,
government 24%,
agriculture 18%

Madagascar

4,900,000;
90% nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agriculture;
175,000 wage earners - agriculture 26%, domestic service 17%, industry 15%, commerce 14%, construction 11%, services 9%, transportation 6%, other 2%;
51% of population of working age (1985)

Malawi

428,000 wage earners;

agriculture 43%,
manufacturing 16%,
personal services 15%,
commerce 9%,
construction 7%,
miscellaneous services 4%,
other permanently employed 6% (1986)

Mali

2,666,000 (1986 est.);
agriculture 80%, services 19%, industry and commerce 1% (1981);
50% of population of working age (1985)

Mauritania

465,000 (1981 est.);
45,000 wage earners (1980);
agriculture 47%, services 29%, industry and commerce 14%, government 10%;
53% of population of working age (1985)

Mauritius

335,000;
government services 29%, agriculture and fishing 27%, manufacturing 22%, other 22%;
43% of population of working age (1985)

Mayotte

Morocco

7,400,000; agriculture 50%, services 26%, industry 15%, other 9% (1985)

Mozambique

NA, but 90% engaged in agriculture

Namibia

500,000;

agriculture 60%,
industry and commerce 19%,
services 8%,
government 7%,
mining 6% (1981 est.)

Niger

2,500,000 wage earners (1982);
agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%;
51% of population of working age (1985)

Nigeria

42,844,000;
agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 15%;
49% of population of working age (1985)

Reunion

NA;
agriculture 30%, industry 21%, services 49% (1981);
63% of population of working age (1983)

Rwanda

3,600,000;
agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%;
49% of population of working age (1985)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Sao Tome and Principe

21,096 (1981);
most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing;
labor shortages on plantations and of skilled workers;
56% of population of working age (1983)

Senegal

2,509,000;
77% subsistence agricultural workers;
175,000 wage earners - private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60%;
52% of population of working age (1985)

Seychelles

27,700;
industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% (1985);
57% of population of working age (1983)

Sierra Leone

1,369,000 (est.);
agriculture 65%, industry 19%, services 16% (1981);
only about 65,000 earn wages (1985);
55% of population of working age

Somalia

2,200,000;
very few are skilled laborers;
pastoral nomad 70%, agriculture, government, trading, fishing, handicrafts, and other 30%;
53% of population of working age (1985)

South Africa

11,000,000 economically active (1989);

services 34%,
agriculture 30%,
industry and commerce 29%,
mining 7% (1985)

Sudan

6,500,000;
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%;
labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.);
52% of population of working age (1985)

Tanzania

732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce (1986 est.)

Togo

NA;
agriculture 78%, industry 22%;
about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors;
50% of population of working age (1985)

Tunisia

2,250,000;
agriculture 32%;
shortage of skilled labor

Uganda

4,500,000 (est.); 50% of population of working age (1983)

Western Sahara

12,000; 50% animal husbandry and subsistence farming

Zambia

2,455,000;
agriculture 85%;
mining, manufacturing, and construction 6%;
transport and services 9%

Zimbabwe

3,100,000;

agriculture 74%,
transport and services 16%,
mining,
manufacturing,
construction 10% (1987)

Arctic Region

3 entries

Greenland

22,800;

largely engaged in fishing,
hunting,
sheep breeding

Iceland

134,429; commerce, finance, and services 55.4%, other manufacturing 14.3%., agriculture 5.8%, fish processing 7.9%, fishing 5.0% (1986)

Svalbard

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

4,980,000; agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5.0%, services and other 10.7%, (1980 est.)

Armenia

1,630,000;

industry and construction 42%,
agriculture and forestry 18%,
other 40%(1990)

Azerbaijan

2,789,000;

agriculture and forestry 32%,
industry and construction 26%,
other 42% (1990)

Bangladesh

35,100,000;
agriculture 74%, services 15%, industry and commerce 11% (FY86);
extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Oman (1991)

Bhutan

NA;
agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2%;
massive lack of skilled labor

China

567,400,000;

agriculture and forestry 60%,
industry and commerce 25%,
construction and mining 5%,
social services 5%,
other 5% (1990 est.)

Georgia

2,834,000;

agriculture 29.1% (1988),
government NA%,
industry 17.8%,
other 53.1%

India

284,400,000; 67% agriculture (FY85)

Japan

63,330,000;
trade and services 54%;
manufacturing, mining, and construction 33%;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7%;
government 3% (1988)

Kazakhstan

8,267,000 (1989)

Korea, North now North Korea

9,615,000;
agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%;
shortage of skilled and unskilled labor (mid-1987 est.)

Korea, South now South Korea

16,900,000;
52% services and other;
27% mining and manufacturing;
21% agriculture, fishing, forestry (1987)

Kyrgyzstan

1,894,000 (1989); agriculture 33%, other 49%, industry 18%, other NA% (1988)

Maldives

66,000 (est.); 25% engaged in fishing industry

Mongolia

NA, but primarily herding/agricultural;
over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women;
shortage of skilled labor

Nepal

8,500,000 (1991 est.);
agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry 2%;
severe lack of skilled labor

Pakistan

28,900,000;
agriculture 54%, mining and manufacturing 13%, services 33%;
extensive export of labor (1987 est.)

Russia

78,682,000 (1989);

industry and construction 43.0%,
agriculture and forestry 13.0%,
transport and communication 7.9%,
trade and distribution 7.9%,
other 28.2%

Sri Lanka

6,600,000;

agriculture 45.9%,
mining and manufacturing 13.3%,
trade and transport 12.4%,
services and other 28.4% (1985 est.)

Tajikistan

1,938,000;

agriculture and forestry 43%,
industry and construction 22%,
other 35% (1990)

Turkmenistan

1,542,000;

agriculture and forestry 42%,
industry and construction 21%,
other 37% (1990)

Uzbekistan

7,941,000;

agriculture and forestry 39%,
industry and construction 24%,
other 37% (1990)

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

2,780 (1984)

Antigua and Barbuda

30,000; commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)

Aruba

NA, but most employment is in the tourist industry (1986)

The Bahamas

127,400;

government 30%,
hotels and restaurants 25%,
business services 10%,
agriculture 5% (1989)

Barbados

120,900 (1991);
services and government 37%;
commerce 22%;
manufacturing and construction 22%;
transportation, storage, communications, and financial institutions 9%;
agriculture 8%;
utilities 2% (1985 est.)

Belize

51,500;
agriculture 30.0%, services 16.0%, government 15.4%, commerce 11.2%, manufacturing 10.3%;
shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1985)

British Virgin Islands

4,911 (1980)

Cayman Islands

8,061;

service workers 18.7%,
clerical 18.6%,
construction 12.5%,
finance and investment 6.7%,
directors and business managers 5.9% (1979)

Costa Rica

868,300;

industry and commerce 35.1%,
government and services 33%,
agriculture 27%,
other 4.9% (1985 est.)

Cuba

3,578,800 in state sector;
services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990);
economically active population 4,620,800 (1988)

Dominica

25,000; agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% (1984)

Dominican Republic

2,300,000 to 2,600,000; agriculture 49%, services 33%, industry 18% (1986)

El Salvador

1,700,000 (1982 est.);
agriculture 40%, commerce 16%, manufacturing 15%, government 13%, financial services 9%, transportation 6%, other 1%;
shortage of skilled labor and a large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation (1984 est.)

Grenada

36,000;

services 31%,
agriculture 24%,
construction 8%,
manufacturing 5%,
other 32% (1985)

Guadeloupe

120,000; 53.0% services, government, and commerce, 25.8% industry, 21.2% agriculture

Guatemala

2,500,000;

agriculture 60%,
services 13%,
manufacturing 12%,
commerce 7%,
construction 4%,
transport 3%,
utilities 0.8%,
mining 0.4% (1985)

Haiti

2,300,000;
agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%;
shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1982)

Honduras

1,300,000;

agriculture 62%,
services 20%,
manufacturing 9%,
construction 3%,
other 6% (1985)

Jamaica

1,062,100;
services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%;
unemployed 17.5% (1989)

Martinique

100,000;

service industry 31.7%,
construction and public works 29.4%,
agriculture 13.1%,
industry 7.3%,
fisheries 2.2%,
other 16.3%

Montserrat

5,100; community, social, and personal services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels 12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%, other 14.4% (1983 est.)

Netherlands Antilles

89,000; government 65%, industry and commerce 28% (1983)

Nicaragua

1,086,000; service 43%, agriculture 44%, industry 13% (1986)

Panama

770,472 (1987);
government and community services 27.9%;
agriculture, hunting, and fishing 26.2%;
commerce, restaurants, and hotels 16%;
manufacturing and mining 10.5%;
construction 5.3%;
transportation and communications 5.3%;
finance, insurance, and real estate 4.2%;
Canal Zone 2.4%;
shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor

Puerto Rico

1,068,000;

government 28%,
manufacturing 15%,
trade 14%,
agriculture 3%,
other 40% (1990)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

20,000 (1981)

Saint Lucia

43,800;

agriculture 43.4%,
services 38.9%,
industry and commerce 17.7% (1983 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

67,000 (1984 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

463,900;
construction and utilities 18.1%;
manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14.8%;
agriculture 10.9%;
other 56.2% (1985 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

NA;
majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries;
some subsistence agriculture

Virgin Islands

45,500 (1988)

Europe

45 entries

Albania

1,500,000 (1987); agriculture about 60%, industry and commerce 40% (1986)

Andorra

Austria

3,470,000 (1989);
services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1%;
an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries;
foreign laborers in Austria number 177,840, about 6% of labor force (1988)

Belarus

5,418,000;

industry and construction 42%,
agriculture and forestry 20%,
other 38% (1990)

Belgium

4,126,000;

services 63.6%,
industry 28%,
construction 6.1%,
agriculture 2.3% (1988)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1,026,254; 2% agriculture, industry, mining 45% (1991 est.)

Bulgaria

4,300,000; industry 33%, agriculture 20%, other 47% (1987)

Croatia

1,509,489;

industry and mining 37%,
agriculture 4%,
government NA%,
other

Czechoslovakia

8,200,000 (1987); industry 36.9%, agriculture 12.3%, construction, communications, and other 50.8% (1982)

Denmark

2,581,400;
private services 36.4%;
government services 30.2%;
manufacturing and mining 20%;
construction 6.8%;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.9%;
electricity/gas/water 0.7% (1990)

Estonia

796,000;

industry and construction 42%,
agriculture and forestry 13%,
other 45% (1990)

Faroe Islands

17,585; largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce

Finland

2,533,000;
public services 30.4%;
industry 20.9%;
commerce 15.0%;
finance, insurance, and business services 10.2%;
agriculture and forestry 8.6%;
transport and communications 7.7%;
construction 7.2%

France

24,170,000; services 61.5%, industry 31.3%, agriculture 7.3% (1987)

Germany

36,750,000; industry 41%, agriculture 6%, other 53% (1987)

Gibraltar

about 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers); UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force

Greece

3,657,000;

services 44%,
agriculture 27%,
manufacturing and mining 20%,
construction 6% (1988)

Guernsey

Holy See (Vatican City)

high dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican

Hungary

5.4 million; services, trade, government, and other 43.2%, industry 30.9%, agriculture 18.8%, construction 7.1% (1991)

Ireland

1,333,000; services 57.0%, manufacturing and construction 26.1%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 15.0%, energy and mining 1.9% (1991)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

25,864 (1981)

Italy

23,988,000; services 58%, industry 32.2%, agriculture 9.8% (1988)

Jersey

Latvia

1,407,000;

industry and construction 41%,
agriculture and forestry 16%,
other 43% (1990)

Liechtenstein

19,905, of which 11,933 are foreigners;
6,885 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day;
industry, trade, and building 53.2%, services 45%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1.8% (1990)

Lithuania

1,836,000;

industry and construction 42%,
agriculture and forestry 18%,
other 40% (1990)

Luxembourg

177,300;
one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG;
services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988)

Malta

127,200;

government (excluding job corps) 37%,
services 26%,
manufacturing 22%,
training programs 9%,
construction 4%,
agriculture 2% (1990)

Moldova

2,095,000;

agriculture 34.4%,
industry 20.1%,
other 45.5% (1985 figures)

Monaco

Netherlands

5,300,000;

services 50.1%,
manufacturing and construction 28.2%,
government 15.9%,
agriculture 5.8% (1986)

Macedonia now North Macedonia

507,324; agriculture 8%, manufacturing and mining 40% (1990)

Norway

2,167,000 (September 1990); services 34.7%, commerce 18%, mining and manufacturing 16.6%, banking and financial services 7.5%, transportation and communications 7.2%, construction 7.2%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6.4% (1989)

Poland

17,104,000;
industry and construction 36.1%;
agriculture 27.3%;
trade, transport, and communications 14.8%;
government and other 21.8% (1989)

Portugal

4,605,700; services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)

Romania

10,945,700; industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% (1989)

San Marino

about 4,300

Serbia and Montenegro

2,640,909; industry, mining 40%, agriculture 5% (1990)

Slovenia

786,036; 2% agriculture, manufacturing and mining 46%

Spain

14,621,000; services 53%, industry 24%, agriculture 14%, construction 9% (1988)

Sweden

4,552,000 community, social and personal services 38.3%, mining and manufacturing 21.2%, commerce, hotels, and restaurants 14.1%, banking, insurance 9.0%, communications 7.2%, construction 7.0%, agriculture, fishing, and forestry 3.2% (1991)

Switzerland

3,310,000;
904,095 foreign workers, mostly Italian;
services 50%, industry and crafts 33%, government 10%, agriculture and forestry 6%, other 1% (1989)

Ukraine

25,277,000; industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 19%, health, education, and culture 18%, trade and distribution 8%, transport and communication 7%, other 7% (1990)

United Kingdom

26,177,000;

services 60.6%,
manufacturing and construction 27.2%,
government 8.9%,
energy 2.1%,
agriculture 1.2% (June 1991)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

140,000;
42% of labor force is Bahraini;
industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 3% (1982)

Cyprus

Greek area - 278,000;
services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 14%;
Turkish area - 71,500 (1990);
services 21%, industry 30%, agriculture 27%

Gaza Strip

(excluding Israeli Jewish settlers) small industry, commerce and business 32.0%, construction 24.4%, service and other 25.5%, and agriculture 18.1% (1984)

Iran

15,400,000;
agriculture 33%, manufacturing 21%;
shortage of skilled labor (1988 est.)

Iraq

4,400,000 (1989);
services 48%, agriculture 30%, industry 22%, severe labor shortage;
expatriate labor force about 1,600,000 (July 1990)

Israel

1,400,000 (1984 est.);
public services 29.3%;
industry, mining, and manufacturing 22.8%;
commerce 12.8%;
finance and business 9.5%;
transport, storage, and communications 6.8%;
construction and public works 6.5%;
personal and other services 5.8%;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.5%;
electricity and water 1.0% (1983)

Jordan

572,000 (1988); agriculture 20%, manufacturing and mining 20% (1987 est.)

Kuwait

566,000 (1986);
services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%, finance and real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%, mining and quarrying 1.4%;
70% of labor force was non-Kuwaiti

Lebanon

650,000; industry, commerce, and services 79%, agriculture 11%, government 10% (1985)

Oman

430,000;
agriculture 60% (est.);
58% are non-Omani

Qatar

104,000; 85% non-Qatari in private sector (1983)

Saudi Arabia

5,000,000;
about 60% are foreign workers;
government 34%, industry and oil 28%, services 22%, and agriculture 16%

Syria

2,400,000;
miscellaneous and government services 36%, agriculture 32%, industry and construction 32%;
majority unskilled;
shortage of skilled labor (1984)

Turkey now Turkiye

20,700,000;
agriculture 49%, services 30%, industry 15%;
about 1,500,000 Turks work abroad (1989)

United Arab Emirates

580,000 (1986 est.);
industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%;
80% of labor force is foreign

West Bank

NA; excluding Israeli Jewish settlers - small industry, commerce, and business 29.8%, construction 24.2%, agriculture 22.4%, service and other 23.6% (1984)

Yemen

North - NA number of workers with agriculture and herding 70%, and expatriate laborers 30% (est.);
South - 477,000 with agriculture 45.2%, services 21.2%, construction 13.4%, industry 10.6%, commerce and other 9.6% (1983)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

32,000;

clerical 25%,
services 22%,
laborers 21%,
professional and technical 13%,
administrative and managerial 10%,
sales 7%,
agriculture and fishing 2% (1984)

Canada

13,380,000;

services 75%,
manufacturing 14%,
agriculture 4%,
construction 3%,
other 4% (1988)

Mexico

26,100,000 (1988); services 31.4%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 26%, commerce 13.9%, manufacturing 12.8%, construction 9.5%, transportation 4.8%, mining and quarrying 1.3%, electricity 0.3% (1986)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

2,850 (1988)

United States

126,867,000 (includes armed forces and unemployed); civilian labor force 125,303,000 (1991)

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

14,400 (1990); government 48%, tuna canneries 33%, other 19% (1986 est.)

Australia

8,630,000 (September 1991);

finance and services 33.8%,
public and community services 22.3%,
wholesale and retail trade 20.1%,
manufacturing and industry 16.2%,
agriculture 6.1% (1987)

Cook Islands

5,810; agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, and other 4% (1981)

Fiji

235,000;

subsistence agriculture 67%,
wage earners 18%,
salary earners 15% (1987)

French Polynesia

76,630 employed (1988)

Guam

46,930; federal and territorial government 40%, private 60% (trade 18%, services 15.6%, construction 13.8%, other 12.6%) (1990)

Kiribati

7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)

Marshall Islands

4,800 (1986)

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

NA;
two-thirds are government employees;
45,000 people are between the ages of 15 and 65

Nauru

New Caledonia

50,469; foreign workers for plantations and mines from Wallis and Futuna, Vanuatu, and French Polynesia (1980 est.)

New Zealand

1,603,500 (June 1991);

services 67.4%,
manufacturing 19.8%,
primary production 9.3% (1987)

Niue

1,000 (1981 est.);
most work on family plantations;
paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

Norfolk Island

Northern Mariana Islands

12,788 local; 18,799 foreign workers (1990 est.)

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the now Palau

Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Islands

NA;
no business community in the usual sense;
some public works;
subsistence farming and fishing

Western Samoa now Samoa

38,000; 22,000 employed in agriculture (1987 est.)

Solomon Islands

23,448 economically active;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 32.4%;
services 25%;
construction, manufacturing, and mining 7.0%;
commerce, transport, and finance 4.7% (1984)

Tokelau

Tonga

NA;
70% agriculture;
600 engaged in mining

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

Wallis and Futuna

South America

14 entries

Argentina

10,900,000; agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% (1985 est.)

Bolivia

1,700,000;

agriculture 50%,
services and utilities 26%,
manufacturing 10%,
mining 4%,
other 10% (1983)

Brazil

57,000,000 (1989 est.);

services 42%,
agriculture 31%,
industry 27%

Chile

4,728,000;
services 38.3% (includes government 12%);
industry and commerce 33.8%;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%;
mining 2.3%;
construction 6.4% (1990)

Colombia

12,000,000 (1990); services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990)

Ecuador

2,800,000;

agriculture 35%,
manufacturing 21%,
commerce 16%,
services and other activities 28% (1982)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

1,100 (est.); agriculture, mostly sheepherding about 95%

French Guiana

23,265; services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980)

Guyana

268,000;
industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%;
public-sector employment amounts to 60-80% of the total labor force (1985)

Paraguay

1,418,000 (1991 est.);

agriculture,
industry and commerce,
services,
government (1986)

Peru

6,800,000 (1986);

government and other services 44%,
agriculture 37%,
industry 19% (1988 est.)

Suriname

104,000 (1984)

Uruguay

1,355,000 (1991 est.); government 25%, manufacturing 19%, agriculture 11%, commerce 12%, utilities, construction, transport, and communications 12%, other services 21% (1988 est.)

Venezuela

5,800,000; services 56%, industry 28%, agriculture 16% (1985)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

89,000 (includes members of the Army);
33% of labor force is foreign (1988);
government 47.5%;
production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 41.9%;
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.8% (1986)

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

16,036,000;

agriculture 65.2%,
industry 14.3%,
trade 10.1%,
government 6.3%,
other 4.1% (FY89 est.)

Cambodia

2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Christmas Island

NA; all workers are employees of the Phosphate Mining Company of Christmas Island, Ltd.

Cocos Islands now Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Hong Kong

2,800,000 (1990); manufacturing 28.5%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 27.9%, services 17.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 9.2%, transport and communications 4.5%, construction 2.5%, other 9.7% (1989)