Labor force In 36 editions of 36.

NA

9.1 million (2000 est.)

5 million (1997 est.)

NA

235,000 formal sector employees (1995)

4.679 million (persons 10 years old and over, according to a sample survey taken in 1991)

note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment

1.9 million

NA

NA

NA

NA

144,500 (1996 est.)

14.51 million (1993 est.)

NA

NA

282,000

19 million (1999 est.)

NA

NA

NA

NA

600,000

400,000

4 million

2.4 million (1983)

480,000

9.2 million (1998 est.)

689,000 economically active

1.2 million (1997 est.)

7 million (1995)

3.5 million

NA

• 465,000 (1981 est.); 45,000 wage earners (1980)

514,000 (1995)

NA

11 million (1997 est.)

NA

500,000

70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

42.844 million

261,000 (1995)

3.6 million

2,416 (1991 est.)

note: a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas

NA

NA

26,000 (1996)

1.369 million (1981 est.)

note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)

• 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)(1993 est.)

15 million economically active (1997)

11 million (1996 est.)

note: labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.)

13.495 million

1.538 million (1993 est.)

3 million (1997 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor

8.361 million (1993 est.)

12,000

3.4 million

5 million (1997 est.)

24,500 (1995 est.)

131,000 (1999)

NA

8 million (1997 est.)

1.5 million (1999)

2.9 million (1997)

56 million (1995-96)

note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, Malaysia, and Singapore

NA

note: massive lack of skilled labor

700 million (1998 est.)

3.08 million (1997)

NA

67.76 million (November 1999)

8.8 million (1997)

9.6 million

22 million (1998)

1.7 million

67,000 (1995)

1.256 million (1998)

10 million (1996 est.)

note: severe lack of skilled labor

38.6 million (1999)

note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor

66 million (1997)

6.6 million (1998)

1.9 million (1996)

2.34 million (1996)

11.9 million (1998 est.)

4,400 (1992)

30,000

41,501 (1997 est.)

148,000 (1996)

136,000 (1998 est.)

71,000

note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1997 est.)

4,911 (1980)

19,820 (1995)

1.377 million (1998)

4.5 million economically active population

note: state sector 76%, non-state sector 24% (1996 est.)

25,000

2.3 million to 2.6 million

2.35 million (1999)

42,300 (1996)

125,900 (1997)

3.32 million (1997 est.)

3.6 million (1995)

note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)

2.3 million (1997 est.)

1.13 million (1998)

170,000 (1997)

4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity

89,000

1.7 million (1999)

1.044 million (1997 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor

1.3 million (1996)

18,172 (June 1995)

43,800

67,000 (1984 est.)

558,700 (1998)

4,848 (1990 est.)

47,443 (1990 est.)

1.692 million (including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (1994 est.)

30,787 salaried employees (1998)

3.7 million (1999)

4.3 million (1998)

4.341 million (1999)

1.026 million

3.82 million (1998 est.)

1.65 million (1999)

5.203 million (1999 est.)

2.896 million

785,500 (1999 est.)

20,500 (1996 est.)

2.533 million

25.4 million (1994)

40.5 million (1999 est.)

14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

4.32 million (1999 est.)

NA

NA

4.2 million (1997)

1.77 million (1999 est.)

36,610 (1998)

23.193 million

57,050 (1996)

1.4 million (1997)

22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day

1.8 million

236,400 (one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany) (1998 est.)

143,700 (October 1997)

1.7 million (1998)

30,540 (January 1994)

7 million (1998 est.)

673,000 (1995 est.)

2.7 million (1999 est.)

15.3 million (1998 est.)

4.75 million (1998 est.)

9.6 million (1998 est.)

15,600 (1995)

1.6 million (1999 est.)

3.32 million (1997)

857,400

16.2 million (1997 est.)

4.3 million (1996)

• 3.8 million (956,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian) (1996 est.)

22.8 million (yearend 1997)

29.2 million (1999)

295,000 (1998 est.)

note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)

Greek Cypriot area:

289,400; Turkish Cypriot area: 80,200 (1998)

NA

15.4 million

note: shortage of skilled labor

4.4 million (1989)

2.3 million (1997)

1.15 million

note: in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad (1997 est.)

1.3 million (1998 est.)

note: 68% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)

1.3 million (1999 est.)

note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (1997 est.)

850,000 (1997 est.)

233,000 (1993 est.)

7 million

note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)

4.7 million (1998 est.)

23.8 million (April 1999)

note: about 1.5 million Turks work abroad (1994)

1.38 million (1998 est.)

note: 75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)

NA