Labor force In 36 editions of 36.

1,939,000,000 (1984)

3,700,000; 40% industry and commerce, 24% agriculture, 17% government, 10% services (1984)

• 2,783,000 economically active; 85% agriculture, 15% industry (1985 est.)

• 1,900,000 (1987);
• 60% agriculture, 38% transport, commerce, and public services, less than 2% industry;
• 49% of population of working age (1985)

• 400,000;
• 163,000 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1988 est.);
• 19,000 are employed in various mines in South Africa (1988)

• 3,300,000 residents;
• 30,000 are wage earners;
• 82% agriculture, 13% industry, 5% commerce, services, and government;
• 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (1984);
• 44% of population of working age (1985)

• 1,900,000 (1983 est.);
• 93.0% agriculture, 4.0% government, 1.5% industry and commerce, 1.5% services;
• 52% of population of working age (1985)

• 102,000 (1985 est.);
• 57% agriculture (mostly subsistence), 29% services, 14% industry (1981);
• 51% of population of working age (1985)

• NA;
• 74.4% agriculture, 11.4% industry and transport, 14.2% other services (1983);
• 50% of population of working age (15-64 years) (1985)

• 775,413 (1986 est.);
• 85% agriculture, 9% commerce and services, 3% industry, 3% government;
• about 64,000 salaried workers;
• 55% of population of working age (1985)

NA; 85% agriculture (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

• 140,000 (1982);
• 80% agriculture, 3% government;
• 51% of population of working age (1985)

• 15,000,000;
• 75% agriculture, 13% industry, 12% services;
• 13% wage earners (1981);
• 51% of population of working age (1985)

• 79,100 wage earners;
• 75% agriculture, 25% commerce, industry, and government;
• 51% of population of working age;
• 40% of population economically active (1985)

• 5,718,000;
• over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, for estry, livestock raising;
• about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture and the remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions;
• 54% of population of working age (1985)

NA, but a small number of semiskilled laborers at the port and 3,000 railway workers; 52% of population of working age (1983)

• 15,000,000 (1989 est.);
• 36% government, public sector enterprises, and armed forces;
• 34% agriculture;
• 20% privately owned service and manufacturing enterprises (1984);
• shortage of skilled labor;
• 2,500,000 Egyptians work abroad, mostly in Iraq and the Gulf Arab states (1988 est.)

• 172,000 (1986 est.);
• 66% agriculture, 23% services, 11% industry (1980);
• labor shortages on plantations;
• 58% of population of working age (1985)

• 195,000;
• over 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture;
• about 92,000 wage earners (many only intermittently), with 36% agriculture and forestry, 20% community and social services, 14% manufacturing, 9% construction, 21% other;
• 24,000-29,000 employed in South Africa (1987)

18,000,000; 80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 12% government and services, 8% industry and construction (1985)

• 120,000 salaried;
• 65.0% agriculture, 30.0% industry and commerce, 2.5% services, 2.5% government;
• 58% of population of working age (1983)

• 400,000 (1986 est.);
• 75.0% agriculture, 18.9% industry, commerce, and services, 6.1% government;
• 55% population of working age (1983)

• 3,700,000;
• 54.7% agriculture and fishing, 18.7% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 7.7% services, transportation, and communications, 3.7% professional;
• 48% of population of working age (1983)

• 2,400,000 (1983);
• 82.0% agriculture, 11.0% industry and commerce, 5.4% services;
• 88,112 civil servants (1987);
• 52% of population of working age (1985)

• 403,000 (est.);
• 90% agriculture, 5% industry, services, and commerce, 5% government;
• 53% of population of working age (1983)

• 9,003,000; 78% agriculture, 22% nonagriculture (1987 est.)

• 689,000 economically active;
• 86.2% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture;
• roughly 60% of active male labor force works in South Africa

• 510,000, including 220,000 in the monetary economy;
• 70.5% agriculture, 10.8% services, 4.5% industry and commerce, 14.2% other;
• non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs;
• 52% of population of working age

1,000,000, includes about 280,000 resident foreigners; 31% industry, 27% services, 24% government, 18% agriculture

• 4,900,000;
• 90% nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agriculture;
• 175,000 wage earners--26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% other;
• 51% of population of working age (1985)

428,000 wage earners; 43% agriculture, 16% manufacturing, 15% personal services, 9% commerce, 7% construction, 4% miscellaneous services, 6% other permanently employed (1986)

• 2,666,000 (1986 est.);
• 80% agriculture, 19% services, 1% industry and commerce (1981);
• 50% of population of working age (1985)

• 465,000 (1981 est.);
• 45,000 wage earners (1980);
• 47% agriculture, 29% services, 14% industry and commerce, 10% government;
• 53% of population of working age (1985)

• 335,000;
• 29% government services, 27% agriculture and fishing, 22% manufacturing, 22% other;
• 43% of population of working age (1985)

NA

• 7,400,000; 50% agriculture, 26% services, 15% industry, 9% other (1985)

NA, but 90% engaged in agriculture

500,000; 60% agriculture, 19% industry and commerce, 8% services, 7% government, 6% mining (1981 est.)

• 2,500,000 wage earners (1982);
• 90% agriculture, 6% industry and commerce, 4% government;
• 51% of population of working age (1985)

• 42,844,000;
• 54% agriculture, 19% industry, commerce, and services, 15% government;
• 49% of population of working age (1985)

• NA;
• 30% agriculture, 21% industry, 49% services (1981);
• 63% of population of working age (1983)

• 3,600,000;
• 93% agriculture, 5% government and services, 2% industry and commerce;
• 49% of population of working age (1985)

NA

• 21,096 (1981);
• most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing;
• labor shortages on plantations and of skilled workers;
• 56% of population of working age (1983)

• 2,509,000;
• 77% subsistence agricultural workers;
• 175,000 wage earners--40% private sector, 60% government and parapublic;
• 52% of population of working age (1985)

• 27,700;
• 31% industry and commerce, 21% services, 20% government, 12% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 16% other (1985);
• 57% of population of working age (1983)

• 1,369,000 (est.);
• 65% agriculture, 19% industry, 16% services (1981);
• only about 65,000 earn wages (1985);
• 55% of population of working age

• 2,200,000;
• very few are skilled laborers;
• 70% pastoral nomad, 30% agriculture, government, trading, fishing, handicrafts, and other;
• 53% of population of working age (1985)

11,000,000 economically active; 34% services, 30% agriculture, 29% industry and commerce, 7% mining (1985)

• 6,500,000;
• 80% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce, 6% government;
• labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment (1983 est.);
• 52% of population of working age (1985)

• 732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce (1986 est.)

• NA;
• 78% agriculture, 22% industry;
• about 88,600 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors;
• 50% of population of working age (1985)

• 2,250,000;
• 32% agriculture;
• shortage of skilled labor

• 4,500,000 (est.);
• 94% subsistence activities, 6% wage earners (est.);
• 50% of population of working age (1983)

12,000; 50% animal husbandry and subsistence farming

• 2,455,000;
• 85% agriculture;
• 6% mining, manufacturing, and construction;
• 9% transport and services

3,100,000; 74% agriculture, 16% transport and services, 10% mining, manufacturing, construction (1987)

22,800;

• largely engaged in fishing,
• hunting,
• sheep breeding

134,429; 55.4% commerce, finance, and services, 14.3% other manufacturing, 5.8% agriculture, 7.9% fish processing, 5.0% fishing (1986)

NA

4,980,000; 67.8% agriculture and animal husbandry, 10.2% industry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 10.7% services and other (1980 est.)

• 35,100,000;
• 74% agriculture, 15% services, 11% industry and commerce;
• extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, and Kuwait (FY86)

• NA;
• 95% agriculture, 1% industry and commerce;
• massive lack of skilled labor (1983)

513,000,000; 61.1% agriculture and forestry, 25.2% industry and commerce, 4.6% construction and mining, 4.5% social services, 4.6% other (1986 est.)

284,400,000; 67% agriculture (FY85)

• 63,330,000;
• 54% trade and services;
• 33% manufacturing, mining, and construction;
• 7% agriculture, forestry, and fishing;
• 3% government (1988)

• 9,615,000;
• 36% agricultural, 64% nonagricultural;
• shortage of skilled and unskilled labor (mid-1987 est.)

• 16,900,000;
• 52% services and other;
• 27% mining and manufacturing;
• 21% agriculture, fishing, forestry (1987)

66,000 (est.); 80% engaged in fishing industry

• NA, but primarily agricultural;
• over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women;
• shortage of skilled labor

• 4,100,000;
• 93% agriculture, 5% services, 2% industry;
• severe lack of skilled labor

• 28,900,000;
• 54% agriculture, 13% mining and manufacturing, 33% services;
• extensive export of labor (1987 est.)

6,600,000; 45.9% agriculture, 13.3% mining and manufacturing, 12.4% trade and transport, 28.4% services and other (1985 est.)

2,780 (1984)

• 30,000; 82% commerce and services, 11% agriculture, 7% industry (1983)

• NA, but most employment is in the tourist industry (1986)

132,600; 30% government, 25% hotels and restaurants, 10% business services, 5% agriculture (1986)

• 112,300;
• 37% services and government;
• 22% commerce, 22% manufacturing and construction;
• 9% transportation, storage, communications, and financial institutions;
• 8% agriculture;
• 2% utilities (1985 est.)

• 51,500;
• 30.0% agriculture, 16.0% services, 15.4% government, 11.2% commerce, 10.3% manufacturing;
• shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (1985)

4,911 (1980)

8,061; 18.7% service workers, 18.6% clerical, 12.5% construction, 6.7% finance and investment, 5.9% directors and business managers (1979)

868,300;

• industry and commerce 35.1%,
• government and services 33%,
• agriculture 27%,
• other 4.9% (1985 est.)

• 3,400,000 in state sector;
• 30% services and government, 22% industry, 20% agriculture, 11% commerce, 10% construction, 7% transportation and communications (1988);
• economically active population 4,500,000 (1987)

• 25,000; 40% agriculture, 32% industry and commerce, 28% services (1984)

• 2,300,000-2,600,000; 49% agriculture, 33% services, 18% industry (1986)

• 1,700,000 (1982 est.);
• 40% agriculture, 16% commerce, 15% manufacturing, 13% government, 9% financial services, 6% transportation;
• shortage of skilled labor and a large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation (1984 est.)

36,000; 31% services, 24% agriculture, 8% construction, 5% manufacturing, 32% other (1985)

120,000; 53.0% services, government, and commerce, 25.8% industry, 21.2% agriculture

2,500,000; 57.0% agriculture, 14.0% manufacturing, 13.0% services, 7.0% commerce, 4.0% construction, 3.0% transport, 0.8% utilities, 0.4% mining (1985)

• 2,300,000;
• 66% agriculture, 25% services, 9% industry;
• shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1982)

1,300,000; 62% agriculture, 20% services, 9% manufacturing, 3% construction, 6% other (1985)

• 728,700;
• 32% agriculture, 28% industry and commerce, 27% services, 13% government;
• shortage of technical and managerial personnel (1984)

100,000; 31.7% service industry, 29.4% construction and public works, 13.1% agriculture, 7.3% industry, 2.2% fisheries, 16.3% other

5,100; 40.5% community, social, and personal services, 13.5% construction, 12.3% trade, restaurants, and hotels, 10.5% manufacturing, 8.8% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 14.4% other (1983 est.)

• 89,000; 65% government, 28% industry and commerce (1983)

• 1,086,000; 43% service, 44% agriculture, 13% industry (1986)

• 770,472 (1987);
• 27.9% government and community services;
• 26.2% agriculture, hunting, and fishing;
• 16% commerce, restaurants, and hotels;
• 10.5% manufacturing and mining;
• 5.3% construction;
• 5.3% transportation and communications;
• 4.2% finance, insurance, and real estate;
• 2.4% Canal Zone;
• shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor

1,062,000; 23% government, 20% trade, 18% manufacturing, 4% agriculture, 35% other (1988)

20,000 (1981)

43,800; 43.4% agriculture, 38.9% services, 17.7% industry and commerce (1983 est.)

67,000 (1984 est.)

• 463,900;
• 18.1% construction and utilities;
• 14.8% manufacturing, mining, and quarrying;
• 10.9% agriculture;
• 56.2% other (1985 est.)

• NA;
• majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries;
• some subsistence agriculture

45,000 (1987)

• 1,500,000 (1987); about 60% agriculture, 40% industry and commerce (1986)

NA

• 3,037,000;
• 56.4% services, 35.4% industry and crafts, 8.1% agriculture and forestry;
• an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries;
• foreign laborers in Austria number 177,840, about 6% of labor force (1988)

• 4,000,000; 58% services, 37% industry, 5% agriculture (1987)

• 4,300,000; 33% industry, 20% agriculture, 47% other (1987)

8,200,000 (1987); 36.9% industry, 12.3% agriculture, 50.8% construction, communications, and other (1982)

2,760,000; 51% services, 34% industry, 8% government, 7% agriculture, forestry, and fishing (1988)

17,585; largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce

2,556,000; 33.1% services, 22.9% mining and manufacturing, 13.8% commerce, 10.3% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 7.2% construction, 7.1% transportation and communications (1989 est.)

• 24,170,000; 61.5% services, 31.3% industry, 7.3% agriculture (1987)

8,960,000; 37.5% industry, 21.1% services, 10.8% agriculture and forestry, 10.3% commerce, 7.4% transport and communications, 6.6% construction, 3.1% handicrafts, 3.2% other (1987)

27,790,000; 41.6% industry, 35.4% services and other, 18.2% trade and transport, 4.8% agriculture (1987)

about 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers); UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force

3,860,000; 43% services, 27% agriculture, 20% manufacturing and mining, 7% construction (1985)

NA

about 1,500; Vatican City employees divided into three categories--executives, office workers, and salaried employees

4,860,000; 43.2% services, trade, government, and other, 30.9% industry, 18.8% agriculture, 7.1% construction (1988)

1,310,000; 57.3% services, 19.1% manufacturing and construction, 14.8% agriculture, forestry, and fishing (1988)

25,864 (1981)

• 23,670,000; 56.7% services, 37.9% industry, 5.4% agriculture (1987)

NA

• 12,258;
• 5,078 foreign workers (mostly from Switzerland and Austria);
• 54.4% industry, trade, and building;
• 41.6% services;
• 4.0% agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture

• 161,000;
• one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and FRG;
• 48.9% services, 24.7% industry, 13.2% government, 8.8% construction, 4.4% agriculture (1984)

125,674; 30% services, 24% manufacturing, 21% government (except job corps), 8% construction, 5% utilities and drydocks, 4% agriculture (1987)

NA

5,300,000; 50.1% services, 28.2% manufacturing and construction, 15.9% government, 5.8% agriculture (1986)

2,164,000; 33.6% services, 17.4% commerce, 16.6% mining and manufacturing, 8.4% transportation, 7.8% construction, 6.8% banking and financial services, 6.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing (1986)

• 17,128,000 (1988);
• 36.5% industry and construction;
• 28.5% agriculture;
• 14.7% trade, transport, and communications;
• 20.3% government and other

• 4,605,700; 45% services, 35% industry, 20% agriculture (1988)

• 10,690,000; 34% industry, 28% agriculture, 38% other (1987)

about 4,300

• 152,300,000 civilians;
• 80% industry and other nonagricultural fields, 20% agriculture;
• shortage of skilled labor (1989)

• 14,621,000; 53% services, 24% industry, 14% agriculture, 9% construction (1988)

4,531,000 (1988); 32.8% private services, 30.0% government services, 22.0% mining and manufacturing, 5.9% construction, 5.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks (1986)

• 3,220,000;
• 841,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian;
• 42% services, 39% industry and crafts, 11% government, 7% agriculture and forestry, 1% other (1988)

28,120,000; 53.3% services, 23.6% manufacturing and construction, 10.8% self-employed, 6.8% government, 1.0% agriculture (1988)

• 9,600,000;
• 22% agriculture, 27% mining and manufacturing;
• about 5% of labor force are guest workers in Western Europe (1986)

• 140,000;
• 42% of labor force is Bahraini;
• 85% industry and commerce, 5% agriculture, 5% services, 3% government (1982)

• Greek area--251,406;
• 42% services, 33% industry, 22% agriculture;
• Turkish area--NA (1986)

(excluding Israeli Jewish settlers) 32.0% small industry, commerce and business, 24.4% construction, 25.5% service and other, and 18.1% agriculture (1984)

• 15,400,000;
• 33% agriculture, 21% manufacturing;
• shortage of skilled labor (1988 est.)

• 3,400,000 (1984);
• 39% services, 33% agriculture, 28% industry, severe labor shortage (1987);
• expatriate labor force about 1,000,000 (1989)

• 1,400,000 (1984 est.);
• 29.5% public services;
• 22.8% industry, mining, and manufacturing;
• 12.8% commerce;
• 9.5% finance and business;
• 6.8% transport, storage, and communications;
• 6.5% construction and public works;
• 5.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing;
• 5.8% personal and other services;
• 1.0% electricity and water (1983)

• 572,000 (1988); 20% agriculture, 20% manufacturing and mining (1987 est.)

• 566,000 (1986);
• 45.0% services, 20.0% construction, 12.0% trade, 8.6% manufacturing, 2.6% finance and real estate, 1.9% agriculture, 1.7% power and water, 1.4% mining and quarrying;
• 70% of labor force is non-Kuwaiti

650,000; 79% industry, commerce, and services, 11% agriculture, 10% goverment (1985)

• 430,000;
• 60% agriculture (est.);
• 58% are non-Omani

• 104,000; 85% non-Qatari in private sector (1983)

• 4,200,000;
• about 60% are foreign workers;
• 34% government, 28% industry and oil, 22% services, and 16% agriculture

• 2,400,000;
• 36% miscellaneous and government services, 32% agriculture, 32% industry and construction);
• majority unskilled;
• shortage of skilled labor (1984)

• 18,800,000;
• 56% agriculture, 30% services, 14% industry;
• about 1,000,000 Turks work abroad (1987)

• 580,000 (1986 est.);
• 85% industry and commerce, 5% agriculture, 5% services, 5% government;
• 80% of labor force is foreign

NA; excluding Israeli Jewish settlers--29.8% small industry, commerce, and business, 24.2% construction, 22.4% agriculture, 23.6% service and other (1984)

NA; 70% agriculture and herding, 30% expatriate laborers (est.)

477,000; 45.2% agriculture, 21.2% services, 13.4% construction, 10.6% industry, 9.6% commerce and other (1983)

32,000; 25% clerical, 22% services, 21% laborers, 13% professional and technical, 10% administrative and managerial, 7% sales, 2% agriculture and fishing (1984)

13,380,000;

• services 75%,
• manufacturing 14%,
• agriculture 4%,
• construction 3%,
• other 4% (1988)

• 26,100,000 (1988);
• 31.4% services;
• 26% agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, 13.9% commerce, 12.8% manufacturing, 9.5% construction, 4.8% transportation, 1.3% mining and quarrying, 0.3% electricity, (1986)

2,510 (1982)

125,557,000 (includes armed forces and unemployed); civilian labor force 123,869,000 (1989)

• 10,000; 48% government, 33% tuna canneries, 19% other (1986 est.)