The CIA World Factbook Edition 1991 Economy

Exchange rates In 36 editions of 36.

Exchange rates was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1991 edition carries it in 214 entries, in its Economy section, under the heading “Currency”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1991 edition
214
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exchange rates” (1990 to 2025), “Currency” (1990 to 2004), “Currency (code)” (2005 to 2008) and “Currency code” (2001 to 2004).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exchange rates, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

1991

Every edition with Exchange rates

Entries with Exchange rates in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

Africa

56 entries

Algeria

Published as “Currency”

Algerian dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1--13.581 (January 1991), 8.958 (1990), 7.6086 (1989), 5.9148 (1988), 4.8497 (1987), 4.7023 (1986), 5.0278 (1985)

Angola

Published as “Currency”

kwanza (plural--kwanza); 1 kwanza (Kz) = 100 lwei

Published as “Exchange rates”

kwanza (Kz) per US$1--29.62 (fixed rate since 1976)

Benin

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Botswana

Published as “Currency”

pula (plural--pula); 1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

Published as “Exchange rates”

pula (P) per US$1--1.8720 (January 1991), 1.8601 (1990), 2.0125 (1989), 1.8159 (1988), 1.6779 (1987), 1.8678 (1986), 1.8882 (1985)

Burkina now Burkina Faso

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Burundi

Published as “Currency”

Burundi franc (plural--francs); 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1--163.29 (January 1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988), 123.56 (1987), 114.17 (1986), 120.69 (1985)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Published as “Currency”

Cape Verdean escudo (plural--escudos); 1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1--64.10 (November 1990), 74.86 (December 1989), 72.01 (1988), 72.5 (1987), 76.56 (1986), 85.38 (1985)

Cameroon

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Central African Republic

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Chad

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Comoros

Published as “Currency”

Comoran franc (plural--francs); 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comoran francs (CF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985);
  • note--linked to the French franc at 50 to 1 French franc

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

zaire (plural--zaire); 1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta

Published as “Exchange rates”

zaire (Z) per US$1--2,113.55 (January 1991), 718.58 (1990), 381.445 (1989), 187.070 (1988), 112.403 (1987), 59.625 (1986), 49.873 (1985)

Congo now Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Ivory Coast now Cote d'Ivoire

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Djibouti

Published as “Currency”

Djiboutian franc (plural--francs); 1 Djiboutian franc (DF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1--177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)

Egypt

Published as “Currency”

Egyptian pound (plural--pounds); 1 Egyptian pound (5E) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Egyptian pounds (5E) per US$1--2.9030 (January 1991), 2.7072 (1990), 2.5171 (1989), 2.2233 (1988), 1.5183 (1987), 1.3503 (1986), 1.3010 (1985)

Equatorial Guinea

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Swaziland now Eswatini

Published as “Currency”

lilangeni (plural--emalangeni); 1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • emalangeni (E) per US$1--2.5625 (January 1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988), 2.0350 (1987), 2.2685 (1986), 2.1911 (1985);
  • note--the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand

Ethiopia

Published as “Currency”

birr (plural--birr); 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

birr (Br) per US$1--2.0700 (fixed rate)

Gabon

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--253.32 (December 1990), 171.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

The Gambia

Published as “Currency”

dalasi (plural--dalasi); 1 dalasi (D) = 100 bututs

Published as “Exchange rates”

dalasi (D) per US$1--7.610 (January 1991), 7.883 (1990), 7.5846 (1989), 6.7086 (1988), 7.0744 (1987), 6.9380 (1986), 3.8939 (1985)

Ghana

Published as “Currency”

cedi (plural--cedis); 1 cedi (C) = 100 pesewas

Published as “Exchange rates”

cedis (C) per US$1--342.91 (November 1990), 270.00 (1989), 202.35 (1988), 153.73 (1987), 89.20 (1986), 54.37 (1985)

Guinea

Published as “Currency”

Guinean franc (plural--francs); 1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinean francs (FG) per US$1--24.39 (1989), 19.23 (1988), 17.54 (1987), 14.29 (1986), NA (1985)

Guinea-Bissau

Published as “Currency”

Guinea-Bissauan peso (plural--pesos); 1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1--1987.2 (1989), 1363.6 (1988), 851.65 (1987), 238.98 (1986), 173.61 (1985)

Kenya

Published as “Currency”

Kenyan shilling (plural--shillings); 1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1--24.427 (January 1991), 22.915 (1990), 20.572 (1989), 17.747 (1988), 16.454 (1987), 16.226 (1986), 16.432 (1985)

Lesotho

Published as “Currency”

loti (plural--maloti); 1 loti (L) = 100 lisente

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • maloti (M) per US$1--2.5625 (January 1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988), 2.0350 (1987), 2.2685 (1986), 2.1911 (1985);
  • note--the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand

Liberia

Published as “Currency”

Liberian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1--1.00 (fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of L$2.5 = US$1, January 1989

Libya

Published as “Currency”

Libyan dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1--0.2669 (January 1991), 0.2699 (1990), 0.2922 (1989), 0.2853 (1988), 0.2706 (1987), 0.3139 (1986), 0.2961 (1985)

Madagascar

Published as “Currency”

Malagasy franc (plural--francs); 1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1--1,454.6 (December 1990), 1,494.1 (1990), 1,603.4 (1989), 1,407.1 (1988), 1,069.2 (1987), 676.3 (1986), 662.5 (1985)

Malawi

Published as “Currency”

Malawian kwacha (plural--kwacha); 1 Malawian kwacha (MK) = 100 tambala

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1--2.6300 (January 1991), 2.7289 (1990), 2.7595 (1989), 2.5613 (1988), 2.2087 (1987), 1.8611 (1986), 1.7191 (1985)

Mali

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Mauritania

Published as “Currency”

ouguiya (plural--ouguiya); 1 ouguiya (UM) = 5 khoums

Published as “Exchange rates”

ouguiya (UM) per US$1--77.450 (January 1991), 80.609 (1990), 83.051 (1989), 75.261 (1988), 73.878 (1987), 74.375 (1986), 77.085 (1985)

Mauritius

Published as “Currency”

Mauritian rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Mauritian rupee (MauR) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Mauritian rupees (MauRs) per US$1--14.295 (January 1991), 14.839 (1990), 15.250 (1989), 13.438 (1988), 12.878 (1987), 13.466 (1986), 15.442 (1985)

Mayotte

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Morocco

Published as “Currency”

Moroccan dirham (plural--dirhams); 1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1--8.071 (January 1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988), 8.359 (1987), 9.104 (1986), 10.062 (1985)

Mozambique

Published as “Currency”

metical (plural--meticais); 1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

meticais (Mt) per US$1--1,700 (November 1990), 800.00 (1989), 528.60 (1988), 289.44 (1987), 40.43 (1986), 43.18 (1985)

Namibia

Published as “Currency”

South African rand (plural--rand); 1 South African rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

South African rand (R) per US$1--2.625 (January 1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988), 2.0350 (1987), 2.2685 (1986), 2.1911 (1985)

Niger

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Nigeria

Published as “Currency”

naira (plural--naira); 1 naira (4) = 100 kobo

Published as “Exchange rates”

naira (4) per US$1--8.707 (December 1990), 8.038 (1990), 7.3647 (1989), 4.5370 (1988), 4.0160 (1987), 1.7545 (1986), 0.8938 (1985)

Reunion

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Rwanda

Published as “Currency”

Rwandan franc (plural--francs); 1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1--120.00 (December 1990), 82.60 (1990), 79.98 (1989), 76.45 (1988), 79.67 (1987), 87.64 (1986), 101.26 (1985)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Published as “Currency”

Saint Helenian pound (plural--pounds); 1 Saint Helenian pound (5S) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Saint Helenian pounds (5S) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • note--the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound

Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Currency”

dobra (plural--dobras); 1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

dobras (Db) per US$1--122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987), 36.993 (1986), 41.195 (1985)

Senegal

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Seychelles

Published as “Currency”

Seychelles rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Seychelles rupees (SR) per US$1--5.0878 (January 1991), 5.3369 (1990), 5.6457 (1989), 5.3836 (1988), 5.6000 (1987), 6.1768 (1986), 7.1343 (1985)

Sierra Leone

Published as “Currency”

leone (plural--leones); 1 leone (Le) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

leones per US$1--196.0784 (January 1991), 144.9275 (1990), 58.1395 (1989), 31.2500 (1988), 30.7692 (1987), 8.3963 (1986), 4.7304 (1985)

Somalia

Published as “Currency”

Somali shilling (plural--shillings); 1 Somali shilling (So.Sh.) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1--3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989), 170.45 (1988), 105.18 (1987), 72.00 (1986), 39.49 (1985)

South Africa

Published as “Currency”

rand (plural--rand); 1 rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

rand (R) per US$1--2.5625 (January 1991), 2.5863 (1990), 2.6166 (1989), 2.2611 (1988), 2.0350 (1987), 2.2685 (1986), 2.1911 (1985)

Sudan

Published as “Currency”

Sudanese pound (plural--pounds); 1 Sudanese pound (5Sd) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • official rate--Sudanese pounds (5Sd) per US$1--4.5004 (fixed rate since 1987), 2.8121 (1987), 2.5000 (1986), 2.2883 (1985);
  • note--commercial exchange rate 12.2 (May 1990)

Tanzania

Published as “Currency”

Tanzanian shilling (plural--shillings); 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1--196.60 (January 1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.377 (1989), 99.292 (1988), 64.260 (1987), 32.698 (1986), 17.472 (1985)

Togo

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural--francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1--256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

Tunisia

Published as “Currency”

Tunisian dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1--0.8408 (January 1991), 0.8783 (1990), 0.9493 (1989), 0.8578 (1988), 0.8287 (1987), 0.7940 (1986), 0.8345 (1985)

Uganda

Published as “Currency”

Ugandan shilling (plural--shillings); 1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1--563.18 (January 1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.09 (1989), 106.14 (1988), 42.84 (1987), 14.00 (1986), 6.72 (1985)

Western Sahara

Published as “Currency”

Moroccan dirham (plural--dirhams); 1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1--8.071 (January 1991), 8.242 (1990), 8.488 (1989), 8.209 (1988), 8.359 (1987), 9.104 (1986), 10.062 (1985)

Zambia

Published as “Currency”

Zambian kwacha (plural--kwacha); 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1--43.2900 (January 1991), 28.9855 (1990), 12.9032 (1989), 8.2237 (1988), 8.8889 (1987), 7.3046 (1986), 2.7137 (1985)

Zimbabwe

Published as “Currency”

Zimbabwean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1--2.6724 (January 1991), 2.4480 (1990), 2.1133 (1989), 1.8018 (1988), 1.6611 (1987), 1.6650 (1986), 1.6119 (1985)

Arctic Region

3 entries

Greenland

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January 1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091 (1986), 10.596 (1985)

Iceland

Published as “Currency”

krona (plural--kronur); 1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar

Published as “Exchange rates”

Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$1--55.216 (January 1991), 58.284 (1990), 57.042 (1989), 43.014 (1988), 38.677 (1987), 41.104 (1986), 41.508 (1985)

Svalbard

Published as “Currency”

Norwegian krone (plural--kroner); 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1--5.9060 (January 1991), 6.2597 (1990), 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988), 6.7375 (1987), 7.3947 (1986), 8.5972 (1985)

Asia

13 entries

Afghanistan

Published as “Currency”

afghani (plural--afghanis); 1 afghani (Af) = 100 puls

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • afghanis (Af) per US$1--586 (March 1991)

Bangladesh

Published as “Currency”

taka (plural--taka); 1 taka (Tk) = 100 paise

Published as “Exchange rates”

taka (Tk) per US$1--35.790 (January 1991), 34.567 (1990), 32.270 (1989), 31.733 (1988), 30.950 (1987), 30.407 (1986), 27.995 (1985)

Bhutan

Published as “Currency”

  • ngultrum (plural--ngultrum);
  • 1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum;
  • note--Indian currency is also legal tender

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • ngultrum (Nu) per US$1--18.329 (January 1991), 17.504 (1990), 16.226 (1989), 13.917 (1988), 12.962 (1987), 12.611 (1986), 12.369 (1985);
  • note--the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee

China

Published as “Currency”

yuan (plural--yuan); 1 yuan (3) = 10 jiao

Published as “Exchange rates”

yuan (3) per US$1--5.31 (April 1991), 4.7832 (1990), 3.7651 (1989), 3.7221 (1988), 3.7221 (1987), 3.4528 (1986), 2.9367 (1985)

India

Published as “Currency”

Indian rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1--18.329 (January 1990), 17.504 (1990), 16.226 (1989), 13.917 (1988), 12.962 (1987), 12.611 (1986), 12.369 (1985)

Japan

Published as “Currency”

yen (plural--yen); 1 yen (3) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

yen (3) per US$1--133.88 (January 1991), 144.79 (1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988), 144.64 (1987), 168.52 (1986), 238.54 (1985)

Korea, North now North Korea

Published as “Currency”

North Korean won (plural--won); 1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chon

Published as “Exchange rates”

North Korean won (Wn) per US$1--2.2 (March 1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989), 2.13 (December 1988), 0.94 (March 1987), NA (1986), NA (1985)

Korea, South now South Korea

Published as “Currency”

South Korean won (plural--won); 1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chon (theoretical)

Published as “Exchange rates”

South Korean won (W) per US$1--718.14 (January 1991), 707.76 (1990), 671.46 (1989), 731.47 (1988), 822.57 (1987), 881.45 (1986), 870.02 (1985)

Maldives

Published as “Currency”

rufiyaa (plural--rufiyaa); 1 rufiyaa (Rf) = 100 laaris

Published as “Exchange rates”

rufiyaa (Rf) per US$1--9.937 (January 1991), 9.509 (1990), 9.0408 (1989), 8.7846 (1988), 9.2230 (1987), 7.1507 (1986), 7.0981 (1985)

Mongolia

Published as “Currency”

tughrik (plural--tughriks); 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • tughriks (Tug) per US$1--7.1 (1991), 5.63 (1990), 3.00 (1989)

Nepal

Published as “Currency”

Nepalese rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Nepalese rupee (NR) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1--30.805 (January 1991), 29.370 (1990), 27.189 (1989), 23.289 (1988), 21.819 (1987), 21.230 (1986), 18.246 (1985)

Pakistan

Published as “Currency”

Pakistani rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1--22.072 (January 1991), 21.707 (1990), 20.541 (1989), 18.003 (1988), 17.399 (1987), 16.648 (1986), 15.928 (1985)

Sri Lanka

Published as “Currency”

Sri Lankan rupee (plural--rupees); 1 Sri Lankan rupee (SLRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Sri Lankan rupees (SLRs) per US$1--40.272 (January 1991), 40.063 (1990), 36.047 (1989), 31.807 (1988), 29.445 (1987), 28.017 (1986), 27.163 (1985)

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Antigua and Barbuda

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Aruba

Published as “Currency”

Aruban florin (plural--florins); 1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1--1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

The Bahamas

Published as “Currency”

Bahamian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Bahamian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahamian dollar (B$) per US$1--1.00 (fixed rate)

Barbados

Published as “Currency”

Barbadian dollars (plural--dollars); 1 Barbadian dollar (Bds$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Barbadian dollars (Bds$) per US$1--2.0113 (fixed rate)

Belize

Published as “Currency”

Belizean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1--2.00 (fixed rate)

British Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Cayman Islands

Published as “Currency”

Caymanian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1--1.20 (fixed rate)

Costa Rica

Published as “Currency”

Costa Rican colon (plural--colones); 1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1--105.82 (January 1991), 91.58 (1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988), 62.776 (1987), 55.986 (1986), 50.453 (1985)

Cuba

Published as “Currency”

Cuban peso (plural--pesos); 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1--1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)

Dominica

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Dominican Republic

Published as “Currency”

Dominican peso (plural--pesos); 1 Dominican peso (RD$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Dominican pesos per US$1--11.850 (January 1991), 8.290 (1990), 6.3400 (1989), 6.1125 (1988), 3.8448 (1987), 2.9043 (1986), 3.1126 (1985)

El Salvador

Published as “Currency”

Salvadoran colon (plural--colones); 1 Salvadoran colon (C) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Salvadoran colones (C) per US$1--8.0 (April 1991, floating rate since mid-1990); 5.0000 (fixed rate 1986 to mid-1990)

Grenada

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Guadeloupe

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Guatemala

Published as “Currency”

quetzal (plural--quetzales); 1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • free market quetzales (Q) per US$1--5.4 (April 1991), 4.4858 (1990), 2.8161 (1989), 2.6196 (1988), 2.500 (1987), 1.875 (1986), 1.000 (1985);
  • note--black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989)

Haiti

Published as “Currency”

gourde (plural--gourdes); 1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

gourdes (G) per US$1-- 5.0 (fixed rate)

Honduras

Published as “Currency”

lempira (plural--lempiras); 1 lempira (L) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

lempiras (L) per US$1--5.30 (fixed rate); 5.70 parallel black-market rate (November 1990)

Jamaica

Published as “Currency”

Jamaican dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1--8.106 (January 1991), 7.184 (1990), 5.7446 (1989), 5.4886 (1988), 5.4867 (1987), 5.4778 (1986), 5.5586 (1985)

Martinique

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Montserrat

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Netherlands Antilles

Published as “Currency”

Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (plural--guilders, gulden, or florins); 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (NAf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins (NAf.) per US$1--1.79 (fixed rate since 1989; 1.80 fixed rate 1971-88)

Nicaragua

Published as “Currency”

cordoba (plural--cordobas); 1 cordoba (C$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

cordobas (C$) per US$1--13,300,000 (January 1991), 15,655 (1989), 270 (1988), 102.60 (1987), 97.48 (1986), 38.90 (1985)

Panama

Published as “Currency”

balboa (plural--balboas); 1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

balboas (B) per US$1--1.000 (fixed rate)

Puerto Rico

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Lucia

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (plural--dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1--2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Trinidad and Tobago

Published as “Currency”

Trinidad and Tobago dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1--4.2500 (January 1991), 4.2500 (1990), 4.2500 (1989), 3.8438 (1988), 3.6000 (1987), 3.6000 (1986), 2.4500 (1985)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Europe

36 entries

Albania

Published as “Currency”

lek (plural--leke); 1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

Published as “Exchange rates”

leke (L) per US$1--8.00 (noncommercial fixed rate since 1986), 4.14 (commercial fixed rate since 1987)

Andorra

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs) and Spanish peseta (plural--pesetas); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes and 1 Spanish peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985);
  • Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1--95.20 (January 1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985)

Austria

Published as “Currency”

Austrian schilling (plural--schillings); 1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen

Published as “Exchange rates”

Austrian schillings (S) per US$1--10.627 (January 1991), 11.370 (1990), 13.231 (1989), 12.348 (1988), 12.643 (1987), 15.267 (1986), 20.690 (1985)

Belgium

Published as “Currency”

Belgian franc (plural--francs); 1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belgian francs (BF) per US$1--31.102 (January 1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988), 37.334 (1987), 44.672 (1986), 59.378 (1985)

Bulgaria

Published as “Currency”

lev (plural--leva); 1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • leva (Lv) per US$1--16.13 (March 1991), 0.7446 (November 1990), 0.84 (1989), 0.82 (1988), 0.90 (1987), 0.95 (1986), 1.03 (1985);
  • note--floating exchange rate since February 1990

Czechoslovakia

Published as “Currency”

koruna (plural--koruny); 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny (Kcs) per US$1--27.65 (January 1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989), 14.36 (1988), 13.69 (1987), 14.99 (1986), 17.14 (1985)

Denmark

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January (1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091 (1986), 10.596 (1985)

Faroe Islands

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (plural--kroner); 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1--5.817 (January 1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988), 6.840 (1987), 8.091 (1986), 10.596 (1985)

Finland

Published as “Currency”

markka (plural--markkaa); 1 markka (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia

Published as “Exchange rates”

markkaa (FMk) per US$1--3.6421 (January 1991), 3.8235 (1990), 4.2912 (1989), 4.1828 (1988), 4.3956 (1987), 5.0695 (1986), 6.1979 (1985)

France

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.8 (May 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Germany

Published as “Currency”

deutsche mark (plural--marks); 1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige

Published as “Exchange rates”

deutsche marks (DM) per US$1--1.5100 (January 1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)

Gibraltar

Published as “Currency”

Gibraltar pound (plural--pounds); 1 Gibraltar pound (5G) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Gibraltar pounds (5G) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • note--the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Greece

Published as “Currency”

drachma (plural--drachmas); 1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta

Published as “Exchange rates”

drachma (Dr) per US$1--159.87 (January 1991), 158.51 (1990), 162.42 (1989), 141.86 (1988), 135.43 (1987), 139.98 (1986), 138.12 (1985)

Guernsey

Published as “Currency”

Guernsey pound (plural--pounds); 1 Guernsey (5G) pound = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Guernsey pounds (5G) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • note--the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound

Vatican City now Holy See (Vatican City)

Published as “Currency”

Vatican lira (plural--lire); 1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January 1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985);
  • note--the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely

Hungary

Published as “Currency”

forint (plural--forints); 1 forint (Ft) = 100 filler

Published as “Exchange rates”

forints (Ft) per US$1--60.95 (December 1990), 63.21 (1990), 59.07 (1989), 50.41 (1988), 46.97 (1987), 45.83 (1986), 50.12 (1985)

Ireland

Published as “Currency”

Irish pound (plural--pounds); 1 Irish pound (5Ir) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

Irish pounds (5Ir) per US$1--0.5656 (January 1991), 0.6030 (1990), 0.7472 (1989), 0.6553 (1988), 0.6720 (1987), 0.7454 (1986), 0.9384 (1985)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

Published as “Currency”

Manx pound (plural--pounds); 1 Manx pound (5M) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Manx pounds (5M) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • the Manx pound is at par with the British pound

Italy

Published as “Currency”

Italian lira (plural--lire); 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January 1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)

Jersey

Published as “Currency”

Jersey pound (plural--pounds); 1 Jersey pound (5J) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Jersey pounds (5J) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound

Liechtenstein

Published as “Currency”

Swiss franc, franken, or franco (plural--francs, franken, or franchi); 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1--1.2724 (January 1991), 1.3892 (1990), 1.6359 (1989), 1.4633 (1988), 1.4912 (1987), 1.7989 (1986), 2.4571 (1985)

Luxembourg

Published as “Currency”

Luxembourg franc (plural--francs); 1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1--31.102 (January 1991), 33.418 (1990), 39.404 (1989), 36.768 (1988), 37.334 (1987), 44.672 (1986), 59.378 (1985);
  • note--the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Malta

Published as “Currency”

Maltese lira (plural--liri); 1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Maltese liri (LM) per US$1--0.3004 (January 1991), 0.3172 (1990), 0.3483 (1989), 0.3306 (1988), 0.3451 (1987), 0.3924 (1986), 0.4676 (1985)

Monaco

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Netherlands

Published as “Currency”

Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (plural--guilders, gulden, or florins); 1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins (f.) per US$1--1.7018 (January 1991), 1.8209 (1990), 2.1207 (1989), 1.9766 (1988), 2.0257 (1987), 2.4500 (1986), 3.3214 (1985)

Norway

Published as “Currency”

Norwegian krone (plural--kroner); 1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1--5.9060 (January 1991), 6.2597 (1990), 6.9045 (1989), 6.5170 (1988), 6.7375 (1987), 7.3947 (1986), 8.5972 (1985)

Poland

Published as “Currency”

zloty (plural--zlotych); 1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy

Published as “Exchange rates”

zlotych (Zl) per US$1--11,100.00 (May 1991), 9,500 (1990), 1,439.18 (1989), 430.55 (1988), 265.08 (1987), 175.29 (1986), 147.14 (1985)

Portugal

Published as “Currency”

Portuguese escudo (plural--escudos); 1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1--134.46 (January 1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988), 140.88 (1987), 149.59 (1986), 170.39 (1985)

Romania

Published as “Currency”

leu (plural--lei); 1 leu (L) = 100 bani

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei (L) per US$1--60.00 (June 1991), 22.432 (1990), 14.922 (1989), 14.277 (1988), 14.557 (1987), 16.153 (1986), 17.141 (1985)

San Marino

Published as “Currency”

  • Italian lira (plural--lire);
  • 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi;
  • also mints its own coins

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1--1,134.4 (January 1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1,372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985)

Soviet Union

Published as “Currency”

ruble (plural--rubles); 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • rubles (R) per US$1--0.580 (1990), 0.629 (1989), 0.629 (1988), 0.633 (1987), 0.704 (1986), 0.838 (1985);
  • note--as of 1 April 1991 the official exchange rate remained administratively set;
  • it should not be used indiscriminately to convert domestic rubles to dollars;
  • in November 1990 the USSR introduced a commercial exchange rate of 1.8 rubles to the dollar used for accounting purposes within the USSR and which was still in force on 1 April 1991;
  • on 1 April 1991 the USSR introduced a new foreign-currency market for foreign companies and individuals;
  • the rate will be fixed twice a week based on supply and demand;
  • as of 4 April 1991 the rate was 27.6 rubles to the dollar;
  • Soviet citizens traveling abroad are restricted to buying $200 a year at prevailing rates

Spain

Published as “Currency”

peseta (plural--pesetas); 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

pesetas (Ptas) per US$1--95.20 (January 1991), 101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987), 140.05 (1986), 170.04 (1985)

Sweden

Published as “Currency”

Swedish krona (plural--kronor); 1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 ore

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1--5.6402 (January 1991), 5.9188 (1990), 6.4469 (1989), 6.1272 (1988), 6.3404 (1987), 7.1236 (1986), 8.6039 (1985)

Switzerland

Published as “Currency”

Swiss franc, franken, or franco (plural--francs, franken, or franchi); 1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1--1.2724 (January 1991), 1.3892 (1990), 1.6359 (1989), 1.4633 (1988), 1.4912 (1987), 1.7989 (1986), 2.4571 (1985)

United Kingdom

Published as “Currency”

British pound or pound sterling (plural--pounds); 1 British pound (5) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

British pounds (5) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985)

Yugoslavia

Published as “Currency”

  • Yugoslav dinar (plural--dinars);
  • 1 Yugoslav dinar (YD) = 100 paras;
  • note--on 1 January 1990, Yugoslavia began issuing a new currency with 1 new dinar equal to 10,000 YD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Yugoslav dinars (YD) per US$1--13.605 (January 1991), 11.318 (1990), 2.876 (1989), 0.252 (1988), 0.074 (1987), 0.038 (1986), 0.027 (1985);
  • note--as of January 1991 the new dinar is linked to the German deutsche mark at the rate of 9 new dinars per 1 deustche mark

Middle East

16 entries

Bahrain

Published as “Currency”

Bahraini dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1--0.3760 (fixed rate)

Cyprus

Published as “Currency”

Cypriot pound (plural--pounds) and in Turkish area, Turkish lira (plural--liras); 1 Cypriot pound (5C) = 100 cents and 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Cypriot pounds (5C) per US$1--0.4325 (December 1990), 0.4572 (1990), 0.4933 (1989), 0.4663 (1988), 0.4807 (1987), 0.5167 (1986), 0.6095 (1985);
  • in Turkish area, Turkish liras (TL) per US$1--2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)

Gaza Strip

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (plural--shekels); 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1--2.0120 (January 1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987), 1.4878 (1986), 1.1788 (1985)

Iran

Published as “Currency”

  • Iranian rial (plural--rials);
  • 1 Iranian rial (IR) = 100 dinars;
  • note--domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman (plural--tomans), which equals 10 rials

Published as “Exchange rates”

Iranian rials (IR) per US$1--64.941 (January 1991), 68.096 (1990), 72.015 (1989), 68.683 (1988), 71.460 (1987), 78.760 (1986), 91.052 (1985) at the official rate; black market rate 1,400 (January 1991)

Iraq

Published as “Currency”

Iraqi dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1--0.3109 (fixed rate since 1982)

Israel

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (plural--shekels); 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1--2.35 (May 1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987), 1.4878 (1986), 1.1788 (1985)

Jordan

Published as “Currency”

Jordanian dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1--0.6670 (January 1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3709 (1988), 0.3387 (1987), 0.3499 (1986), 0.3940 (1985)

Kuwait

Published as “Currency”

Kuwaiti dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1--0.2915 (January 1990), 0.2937 (1989), 0.2790 (1988), 0.2786 (1987), 0.2919 (1986), 0.3007 (1985)

Lebanon

Published as “Currency”

Lebanese pound (plural--pounds); 1 Lebanese pound (5L) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Lebanese pounds (5L) per US$1--974.22 (January 1991), 695.09 (1990), 496.69 (1989), 409.23 (1988), 224.60 (1987), 38.37 (1986), 16.42 (1985)

Oman

Published as “Currency”

Omani rial (plural--rials); 1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza

Published as “Exchange rates”

Omani rials (RO) per US$1--0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

Qatar

Published as “Currency”

Qatari riyal (plural--riyals); 1 Qatari riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1--3.6400 riyals (fixed rate)

Saudi Arabia

Published as “Currency”

Saudi riyal (plural--riyals); 1 Saudi riyal (SR) = 100 halalas

Published as “Exchange rates”

Saudi riyals (SR) per US$1--3.7450 (fixed rate since late 1986), 3.7033 (1986), 3.6221 (1985)

Syria

Published as “Currency”

Syrian pound (plural--pounds); 1 Syrian pound (5S) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Syrian pounds (5S) per US$1--11.2250 (fixed rate since 1987), 3.9250 (fixed rate 1976-87)

Turkey now Turkiye

Published as “Currency”

Turkish lira (plural--liras); 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Published as “Exchange rates”

Turkish liras (TL) per US$1--2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)

United Arab Emirates

Published as “Currency”

Emirian dirham (plural--dirhams); 1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1--3.6710 (fixed rate)

West Bank

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (plural--shekels) and Jordanian dinar (plural--dinars); 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot and 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1--2.35 (May 1991), 2.0161 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987), 1.4878 (1986), 1.1788 (1985);
  • Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1--0.6670 (January 1991), 0.6636 (1990), 0.5704 (1989), 0.3709 (1988), 0.3387 (1987), 0.3499 (1986), 0.3940 (1985)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

Published as “Currency”

Bermudian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Bermudian dollar (Bd$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1--1.0000 (fixed rate)

Canada

Published as “Currency”

Canadian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1--1.1559 (January 1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987), 1.3895 (1986), 1.3655 (1985)

Mexico

Published as “Currency”

Mexican peso (plural--pesos); 1 Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1--2,940.9 (January 1991), 2,812.6 (1990), 2,461.3 (1989), 2,273.1 (1988), 1,378.2 (1987), 611.8 (1986), 256.9 (1985)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

United States

Published as “Currency”

United States dollar (plural--dollars); 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • British pounds (5) per US$--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$--1.1559 (January 1991), 1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987), 1.3895 (1986), 1.3655 (1985);
  • French francs (F) per US$--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985);
  • Italian lire (Lit) per US$--1,134.4 (January 1991), 1,198.1 (1990), 1.372.1 (1989), 1,301.6 (1988), 1,296.1 (1987), 1,490.8 (1986), 1,909.4 (1985);
  • Japanese yen (3) per US$--133.88 (January 1991), 144.79 (1990), 137.96 (1989), 128.15 (1988), 144.64 (1987), 168.52 (1986), 238.54 (1985);
  • German deutsche marks (DM) per US$--1.5100 (January 1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988), 1.7974 (1987), 2.1715 (1986), 2.9440 (1985)

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Australia

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Cook Islands

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

Fiji

Published as “Currency”

Fijian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1--1.4476 (January 1991), 1.4809 (1990), 1.4833 (1989), 1.4303 (1988), 1.2439 (1987), 1.1329 (1986), 1.1536 (1985)

French Polynesia

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (plural--francs); 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1--93.28 (January 1991), 99.00 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988), 109.27 (1987), 125.92 (1986), 163.35 (1985);
  • note--linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

Guam

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Kiribati

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Marshall Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Nauru

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

New Caledonia

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (plural--francs); 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1--93.28 (January 1991), 99.00 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988), 109.27 (1987), 125.92 (1986), 163.35 (1985);
  • note--linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

New Zealand

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

Niue

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

Norfolk Island

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Northern Mariana Islands

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the now Palau

Published as “Currency”

US currency is used

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Papua New Guinea

Published as “Currency”

kina (plural--kina); 1 kina (K) = 100 toea

Published as “Exchange rates”

kina (K) per US$1--1.0549 (January 1991), 1.0467 (1990), 1.1685 (1989), 1.1538 (1988), 1.1012 (1987), 1.0296 (1986), 1.0000 (1985)

Pitcairn Islands

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6866 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

Western Samoa now Samoa

Published as “Currency”

tala (plural--tala); 1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene

Published as “Exchange rates”

tala (WS$) per US$1--2.3170 (January 1991), 2.3095 (1990), 2.2686 (1989), 2.0790 (1988), 2.1204 (1987), 2.2351 (1986), 2.2437 (1985)

Solomon Islands

Published as “Currency”

Solomon Islands dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1--2.5934 (January 1991), 2.5288 (1990), 2.2932 (1989), 2.0825 (1988), 2.0033 (1987), 1.7415 (1986), 1.4808 (1985)

Tokelau

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1--1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

Tonga

Published as “Currency”

pa'anga (plural--pa'anga); 1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti

Published as “Exchange rates”

pa'anga (T$) per US$1--1.2832 (January 1991), 1.2809 (1990), 1.2637 (1989), 1.2799 (1988), 1.4282 (1987), 1.4960 (1986), 1.4319 (1985)

Tuvalu

Published as “Currency”

Tuvaluan dollar and Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Vanuatu

Published as “Currency”

vatu (plural--vatu); 1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

vatu (VT) per US$1--109.62 (January 1991), 116.57 (1990), 116.04 (1989), 104.43 (1988), 109.85 (1987), 106.08 (1986), 106.03 (1985)

Wallis and Futuna

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (plural--francs); 1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1--93.28 (January 1991), 99.0 (1990), 115.99 (1989), 108.30 (1988), 109.27 (1987), 125.92 (1986), 163.35 (1985);
  • note--linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

South America

14 entries

Argentina

Published as “Currency”

austral (plural--australes); 1 austral (2) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

australes (2) per US$1--9,900 (April 1991), 4,707 (1990), 423 (1989), 8.7526 (1988), 2.1443 (1987), 0.9430 (1986), 0.6018 (1985)

Bolivia

Published as “Currency”

boliviano (plural--bolivianos); 1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivianos ($B) per US$1--3.3732 (December 1990), 3.1727 (1990), 2.6917 (1989), 2.3502 (1988), 2.0549 (1987), 1.9220 (1986), 0.4400 (1985)

Brazil

Published as “Currency”

cruzeiro (plural--cruzeiros); 1 cruzeiro (Cr$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

cruzeiros (Cr$) per US$1--193.189 (January 1991), 68.300 (1990), 2.834 (1989), 0.26238 (1988), 0.03923 (1987), 0.01366 (1986), 0.00620 (1985)

Chile

Published as “Currency”

Chilean peso (plural--pesos); 1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1--337.24 (January 1991), 305.06 (1990), 267.16 (1989), 245.05 (1988), 219.54 (1987), 193.02 (1986), 161.08 (1985)

Colombia

Published as “Currency”

Colombian peso (plural--pesos); 1 Colombian peso (Col$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1--574.09 (January 1991), 502.24 (1990), 382.57 (1989), 299.17 (1988), 242.61 (1987), 194.26 (1986), 142.31 (1985)

Ecuador

Published as “Currency”

sucre (plural--sucres); 1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

sucres (S/) per US$1--869.54 (December 1990), 767.75 (1990), 526.35 (1989), 301.61 (1988), 170.46 (1987), 122.78 (1986), 69.56 (1985)

Falkland Islands now Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Published as “Currency”

Falkland pound (plural--pounds); 1 Falkland pound (5F) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Falkland pound (5F) per US$1--0.5171 (January 1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988), 0.6102 (1987), 0.6817 (1986), 0.7714 (1985);
  • note--the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound

French Guiana

Published as “Currency”

French franc (plural--francs); 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1--5.1307 (January 1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988), 6.0107 (1987), 6.9261 (1986), 8.9852 (1985)

Guyana

Published as “Currency”

Guyanese dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1--45.00 (since June 1990), 39.533 (1990), 27.159 (1989), 10.000 (1988), 9.756 (1987), 4.272 (1986), 4.252 (1985)

Paraguay

Published as “Currency”

guarani (plural--guaranies); 1 guarani (0) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

guaranies (0) per US$1--1,204.5 (October 1989), 1,056.2 (1989), 550.00 (fixed rate 1986-February 1989), 339.17 (1986), 306.67 (1985)

Peru

Published as “Currency”

inti (plural--intis); 1 inti (I/) = 1,000 soles

Published as “Exchange rates”

intis (I/) per US$1--530,000 (January 1991), 187,886 (1990), 2,666 (1989), 128.83 (1988), 16.84 (1987), 13.95 (1986), 10.97 (1985)

Suriname

Published as “Currency”

Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (plural--guilders, gulden, or florins); 1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1--1.7850 (fixed rate)

Uruguay

Published as “Currency”

new Uruguayan peso (plural--pesos); 1 new Uruguayan peso (N$Ur) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Uruguayan pesos (N$Ur) per US$1--1,626.4 (January 1991), 1,171.0 (1990), 605.5 (1989), 359.44 (1988), 226.67 (1987), 151.99 (1986), 101.43 (1985)

Venezuela

Published as “Currency”

bolivar (plural--bolivares); 1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivares (Bs) per US$1--51.331 (January 1991), 46.900 (1990), 34.6815 (1989), 14.5000 (fixed rate 1987-88), 8.0833 (1986), 7.5000 (1985)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

Published as “Currency”

Bruneian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1--1.7454 (January 1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985);
  • note--the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

Published as “Currency”

kyat (plural--kyats); 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

Published as “Exchange rates”

kyats (K) per US$1--6.0476 (January 1991), 6.3386 (1990), 6.7049 (1989), 6.3945 (1988), 6.6535 (1987), 7.3304 (1986), 8.4749 (1985)

Cambodia

Published as “Currency”

riel (plural--riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

riels (CR) per US$1--560 (November 1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987), 30.00 (1986), 7.00 (1985)

Christmas Island

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1--1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

Hong Kong

Published as “Currency”

Hong Kong dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$--7.800 (March 1989), 7.810 (1988), 7.760 (1987), 7.795 (1986), 7.811 (1985);
  • note--linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985

Indonesia

Published as “Currency”

Indonesian rupiah (plural--rupiahs); 1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1--1,907.5 (January 1991), 1,842.8 (1990), 1,770.1 (1989), 1,685.7 (1988), 1,643.8 (1987), 1,282.6 (1986), 1,110.6 (1985)

Laos

Published as “Currency”

new kip (plural--kips); 1 new kip (NK) = 100 at

Published as “Exchange rates”

new kips (NK) per US$1--695 (April 1991), 700 (September 1990), 576 (1989), 385 (1988), 200 (1987), 108 (1986), 95 (1985)

Macau

Published as “Currency”

pataca (plural--patacas); 1 pataca (P) = 100 avos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • patacas (P) per US$1--8.03 (1989), 8.044 (1988), 7.993 (1987), 8.029 (1986), 8.045 (1985);
  • note--linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar

Malaysia

Published as “Currency”

ringgit (plural--ringgits); 1 ringgit (M$) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

ringgits (M$) per US$1--2.7151 (January 1991), 1.7048 (1990), 2.7088 (1989), 2.6188 (1988), 2.5196 (1987), 2.5814 (1986), 2.4830 (1985)

Philippines

Published as “Currency”

Philippine peso (plural--pesos); 1 Philippine peso (1) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Philippine pesos (1) per US$1--28.055 (January 1991), 24.311 (1990), 21.737 (1989), 21.095 (1988), 20.568 (1987), 20.386 (1986), 18.607 (1985)

Singapore

Published as “Currency”

Singapore dollar (plural--dollars); 1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Singapore dollars per US$1--1.7454 (January 1991), 1.8125 (1990), 1.9503 (1989), 2.0124 (1988), 2.1060 (1987), 2.1774 (1986), 2.2002 (1985)

Taiwan

Published as “Currency”

New Taiwan dollar (plural--dollars); 1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Taiwan dollars per US$1--27.2 (January 1991), 27.243 (November 1990), 26.407 (1989), 28.589 (1988), 31.845 (1987), 37.838 (1986), 39.849 (1985)

Thailand

Published as “Currency”

baht (plural--baht); 1 baht (B) = 100 satang

Published as “Exchange rates”

baht (B) per US$1--25.224 (January 1991), 25.585 (1990), 25.702 (1989), 25.294 (1988), 25.723 (1987), 26.299 (1986), 27.159 (1985)

Vietnam

Published as “Currency”

new dong (plural--new dong); 1 new dong (D) = 100 xu

Published as “Exchange rates”

new dong (D) per US$1--7,530 (May 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990), 2,047 (1988), 225 (1987), 18 (1986), 12 (1985); note--1985-89 figures are end of year

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1991, “Exchange rates”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exchange-rates/1991.

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