The CIA World Factbook Edition 2002 Economy

Exchange rates In 36 editions of 36.

Exchange rates was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 2002 edition carries it in 236 entries, in its Economy section, under the heading “Currency”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 2002 edition
236
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exchange rates” (1990 to 2025), “Currency” (1990 to 2004), “Currency (code)” (2005 to 2008) and “Currency code” (2001 to 2004).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exchange rates, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

2002

Every edition with Exchange rates

Entries with Exchange rates in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

Africa

57 entries

Algeria

Published as “Currency”

Algerian dinar (DZD)

Published as “Currency code”

DZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Algerian dinars per US dollar - 77.889 (January 2002), 77.215 (2001), 75.260 (2000), 66.574 (1999), 58.739 (1998), 57.707 (1997)

Angola

Published as “Currency”

kwanza (AOA)

Published as “Currency code”

AOA

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • kwanza per US dollar - 32.8716 (January 2002), 22.058 (2001), 10.041 (2000), 2.791 (1999), 0.393 (1998), 0.229 (1997);
  • note - in December 1999 the kwanza was revalued with six zeroes dropped off the old value

Benin

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Botswana

Published as “Currency”

pula (BWP)

Published as “Currency code”

BWP

Published as “Exchange rates”

pulas per US dollar - 6.8353 (January 2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997)

Burkina Faso

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Burundi

Published as “Currency”

Burundi franc (BIF)

Published as “Currency code”

BIF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Burundi francs per US dollar - 865.14 (January 2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Published as “Currency”

Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)

Published as “Currency code”

CVE

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.556 (January 2002), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997)

Cameroon

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Central African Republic

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Chad

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Comoros

Published as “Currency”

Comoran franc (KMF)

Published as “Currency code”

KMF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Comoran francs per US dollar - 557.09 (January 2002), 549.78 (2001), 533.98 (2000), 461.77 (1999), 442.46 (1998), 437.75 (1997)

note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro

Congo, Democratic Republic of the now Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

Congolese franc (CDF)

Published as “Currency code”

CDF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Congolese francs per US dollar - 305 (January 2002), 21.82 (2000), 4.02 (1999), 1.61 (1998), 1.31 (1997)

note: on 30 June 1998 the Congolese franc was introduced, replacing the new zaire

Congo, Republic of the now Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Cote d'Ivoire

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Djibouti

Published as “Currency”

Djiboutian franc (DJF)

Published as “Currency code”

DJF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)

Egypt

Published as “Currency”

Egyptian pound (EGP)

Published as “Currency code”

EGP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Egyptian pounds per US dollar - market rate - 4.5000 (January 2002), 4.4900 (2001), 3.6900 (2000), 3.4050 (1999), 3.3880 (1998), 3.3880 (1997)

Equatorial Guinea

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Eritrea

Published as “Currency”

nakfa (ERN)

Published as “Currency code”

ERN

Published as “Exchange rates”

nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 9.5 (January 2000), 7.6 (January 1999), 7.2 (March 1998 est.)

Swaziland now Eswatini

Published as “Currency”

lilangeni (SZL)

Published as “Currency code”

SZL

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997);
  • note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand;
  • emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni

Ethiopia

Published as “Currency”

birr (ETB)

Published as “Currency code”

ETB

Published as “Exchange rates”

birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.455 (December 2001), 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997)

note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank

Gabon

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Published as “Currency code”

XAF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro

Gambia, The now The Gambia

Published as “Currency”

dalasi (GMD)

Published as “Currency code”

GMD

Published as “Exchange rates”

dalasi per US dollar - 15.000 (January 2001), 12.788 (2000), 11.395 (1999), 10.643 (1998), 10.200 (1997)

Ghana

Published as “Currency”

cedi (GHC)

Published as “Currency code”

GHC

Published as “Exchange rates”

cedis per US dollar - 7,195 (January 2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.30 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997)

Guinea

Published as “Currency”

Guinean franc (GNF)

Published as “Currency code”

GNF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinean francs per US dollar - 1,974.4 (December 2001), 1,950.6 (2001), 1,746.9 (2000), 1,387.4 (1999), 1,236.8 (1998), 1,095.3 (1997)

Guinea-Bissau

Published as “Currency”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF);
  • note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States;
  • previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used

Published as “Currency code”

XOF; GWP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997)

note: as of 1 May 1997, Guinea-Bissau adopted the XOF franc as the national currency; since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro

Kenya

Published as “Currency”

Kenyan shilling (KES)

Published as “Currency code”

KES

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 78.597 (January 2002), 78.563 (2001), 76.176 (2000), 70.326 (1999), 60.367 (1998), 58.732 (1997)

Lesotho

Published as “Currency”

loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)

Published as “Currency code”

LSL; ZAR

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • maloti per US dollar - 11.58786 (January 2002), 8.60918 (2001), 6.93983 (2000), 6.10948 (1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997);
  • note - the Lesotho loti is at par with the South African rand which is also legal tender;
  • maloti is the plural form of loti

Liberia

Published as “Currency”

Liberian dollar (LRD)

Published as “Currency code”

LRD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Liberian dollars per US dollar - 46.0400 (December 2001), 48.5833 (2001), 40.9525 (2000), 41.9025 (1999), 41.5075 (1998), 1.0000 (officially fixed rate 1940-97);
  • market exchange rate: Liberian dollars per US dollar - 40 (December 1998), 50 (October 1995)

note: until December 1997, rates were based on a fixed relationship with the US dollar; beginning in January 1998, rates are market determined

Libya

Published as “Currency”

Libyan dinar (LYD)

Published as “Currency code”

LYD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.6501 (December 2001), 0.6501 (2001), 0.5403 (2000), 0.5403 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997);
  • market rate for Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.55 (January 2002)

note: Libya devalued its official rate for foreign trade on 1 January 2002 to 21.30 dinars per US dollar; the previous official rate was 0.63 dinar per US dollar (Dec 2001 )

Madagascar

Published as “Currency”

Malagasy franc (MGF)

Published as “Currency code”

MGF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malagasy francs per US dollar - 6,531.4 (December 2001), 6,588.5 (2001), 6,767.5 (2000), 6,283.8 (1999), 5,441.4 (1998), 5,090.9 (1997)

Malawi

Published as “Currency”

Malawian kwacha (MWK)

Published as “Currency code”

MWK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 67.3111 (December 2001), 72.1973 (2001), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997)

Mali

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Mauritania

Published as “Currency”

ouguiya (MRO)

Published as “Currency code”

MRO

Published as “Exchange rates”

ouguiyas per US dollar - 254.350 (December 2001), 238.923 (2000), 209.514 (1999), 188.476 (1998), 151.853 (1997), 137.222 (1996)

Mauritius

Published as “Currency”

Mauritian rupee (MUR)

Published as “Currency code”

MUR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 30.345 (January 2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.250 (2000), 25.186 (1999), 22.993 (1998), 21.057 (1997)

Mayotte

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Morocco

Published as “Currency”

Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Published as “Currency code”

MAD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997)

Mozambique

Published as “Currency”

metical (MZM)

Published as “Currency code”

MZM

Published as “Exchange rates”

meticais per US dollar - 23,314.2 (January 2002), 20,703.6 (2001), 15,447.1 (2000), 13,028.6 (1999), 12,110.2 (1998), 11,772.6 (1997)

note: effective October 2000, the exchange rate is determined as the weighted average of buying and selling exchange rates of all transactions of commercial banks and stock exchanges with the public; meticais is the plural form of metical

Namibia

Published as “Currency”

Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)

Published as “Currency code”

NAD; ZAR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Namibian dollars per US dollar - 11.58786 (January 2002), 8.60918 (2001), 6.93983 (2000), 6.10948 (1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997)

Niger

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Nigeria

Published as “Currency”

naira (NGN)

Published as “Currency code”

NGN

Published as “Exchange rates”

nairas per US dollar - 115 (January 2002), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997)

Reunion

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Rwanda

Published as “Currency”

Rwandan franc (RWF)

Published as “Currency code”

RWF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Rwandan francs per US dollar - 456.81 (January 2002), 442.99 (2001), 389.70 (2000), 333.94 (1999) 312.31 (1998), 301.53 (1997)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Published as “Currency”

Saint Helenian pound (SHP)

Published as “Currency code”

SHP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6047 (1997);
  • note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound

Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Currency”

dobra (STD)

Published as “Currency code”

STD

Published as “Exchange rates”

dobras per US dollar - 9,009.1 (December 2001), 8,842.1 (2001), 7,978.2 (2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997)

Senegal

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Seychelles

Published as “Currency”

Seychelles rupee (SCR)

Published as “Currency code”

SCR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Seychelles rupees per US dollar - 5.7458 (January 2002), 5.8575 (2001), 5.7138 (2000), 5.3426 (1999), 5.2622 (1998), 5.0263 (1997)

Sierra Leone

Published as “Currency”

leone (SLL)

Published as “Currency code”

SLL

Published as “Exchange rates”

leones per US dollar - 2,212.47 (January 2002), 1,985.89 (2001), 2,092.13 (2000), 1,804.20 (1999), 1,563.62 (1998), 981.48 (1997)

Somalia

Published as “Currency”

Somali shilling (SOS)

Published as “Currency code”

SOS

Published as “Exchange rates”

Somali shillings per US dollar - 11,000 (November 2000), 2,620 (January 1999), 7,500 (November 1997 est.), 7,000 (January 1996 est.), 5,000 (1 January 1995)

note: the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own currency, the Somaliland shilling

South Africa

Published as “Currency”

rand (ZAR)

Published as “Currency code”

ZAR

Published as “Exchange rates”

rand per US dollar - 11.58786 (January 2002), 8.60918 (2001), 6.93983 (2000), 6.10948 (1999), 5.52828 (1998), 4.60796 (1997)

Sudan

Published as “Currency”

Sudanese dinar (SDD)

Published as “Currency code”

SDD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 261.44 (January 2002), 258.70 (2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.80 (1998), 157.57 (1997)

Tanzania

Published as “Currency”

Tanzanian shilling (TZS)

Published as “Currency code”

TZS

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 924.70 (January 2002), 876.41 (2001), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997)

Togo

Published as “Currency”

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Published as “Currency code”

XOF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997);
  • note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Tunisia

Published as “Currency”

Tunisian dinar (TND)

Published as “Currency code”

TND

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tunisian dinars per US dollar - 1.44 (January 2002), 1.3753 (2001), 1.3707 (2000), 1.1862 (1999), 1.1387 (1998), 1.1059 (1997)

Uganda

Published as “Currency”

Ugandan shilling (UGX)

Published as “Currency code”

UGX

Published as “Exchange rates”

Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,738.7 (January 2002), 1,755.7 (2001), 1,644.5 (2000), 1,454.8 (1999), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0 (1997)

Western Sahara

Published as “Currency”

Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Published as “Currency code”

MAD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (January 2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997)

Zambia

Published as “Currency”

Zambian kwacha (ZMK)

Published as “Currency code”

ZMK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 3,848.65 (January 2002), 3,610.94 (2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997)

Zimbabwe

Published as “Currency”

Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)

Published as “Currency code”

ZWD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 54.9451 (December 2001), 54.9451 (2001), 43.2900 (2000), 38.3142 (1999), 21.4133 (1998), 11.8906 (1997)

Arctic Region

3 entries

Greenland

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (DKK)

Published as “Currency code”

DKK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner per US dollar - 8.418 (January 2002), 8.323 (2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997)

Iceland

Published as “Currency”

Icelandic krona (ISK)

Published as “Currency code”

ISK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Icelandic kronur per US dollar - 102.430 (January 2002), 97.425 (2001), 78.616 (2000), 72.335 (1999), 70.958 (1998), 70.904 (1997)

Svalbard

Published as “Currency”

Norwegian krone (NOK)

Published as “Currency code”

NOK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

Published as “Currency”

afghani (AFA)

Published as “Currency code”

AFA

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • afghanis per US dollar - 4,700 (January 2000), 4,750 (February 1999), 17,000 (December 1996), 7,000 (January 1995), 1,900 (January 1994), 1,019 (March 1993), 850 (1991);
  • note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rate, which was fixed at 50.600 afghanis to the dollar until 1996, when it rose to 2,262.65 per dollar, and finally became fixed again at 3,000.00 per dollar in April 1996

Armenia

Published as “Currency”

dram (AMD)

Published as “Currency code”

AMD

Published as “Exchange rates”

drams per US dollar - 564.08 (January 2002), 555.08 (2001), 539.53 (2000), 535.06 (1999), 504.92 (1998), 490.85 (1997)

Azerbaijan

Published as “Currency”

Azerbaijani manat (AZM)

Published as “Currency code”

AZM

Published as “Exchange rates”

Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,804 (11 February 2002), 4,656.58 (2001), 4,474.15 (2000), 4,120.17 (1999), 3,869 (1998), 3,985.38 (1997)

Bangladesh

Published as “Currency”

taka (BDT)

Published as “Currency code”

BDT

Published as “Exchange rates”

taka per US dollar - 57.756 (January 2002), 55.807 (2001), 52.142 (2000), 49.085 (1999), 46.906 (1998), 43.892 (1997)

Bhutan

Published as “Currency”

ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)

Published as “Currency code”

BTN; INR

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • ngultrum per US dollar - 48.336 (January 2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000), 43.055 (1999), 41.259 (1998), 36.313 (1997);
  • note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee which is also legal tender

China

Published as “Currency”

yuan (CNY)

Published as “Currency code”

CNY

Published as “Exchange rates”

yuan per US dollar - 8.2767 (January 2002), 8.2771 (2001), 8.2785 (2000), 8.2783 (1999), 8.2790 (1998), 8.2898 (1997)

Georgia

Published as “Currency”

lari (GEL)

Published as “Currency code”

GEL

Published as “Exchange rates”

lari per US dollar - 2.1888 (January 2002), 2.0730 (2001), 1.9762 (2000), 2.0245 (1999), 1.3898 (1998), 1.2975 (1997)

India

Published as “Currency”

Indian rupee (INR)

Published as “Currency code”

INR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indian rupees per US dollar - 48.336 (January 2002), 47.186 (2001), 44.942 (2000), 43.055 (1999), 41.259 (1998), 36.313 (1997)

Japan

Published as “Currency”

yen (JPY)

Published as “Currency code”

JPY

Published as “Exchange rates”

yen per US dollar - 132.66 (January 2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998), 120.99 (1997)

Kazakhstan

Published as “Currency”

tenge (KZT)

Published as “Currency code”

KZT

Published as “Exchange rates”

tenge per US dollar - 151.14 (January 2002), 146.74 (2001), 142.13 (2000), 119.52 (1999), 78.30 (1998), 75.44 (1997)

Korea, North now North Korea

Published as “Currency”

North Korean won (KPW)

Published as “Currency code”

KPW

Published as “Exchange rates”

official:
  • North Korean won per US dollar - 2.15 (December 2001), 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990);
  • market: North Korean won per US dollar - 200 (December 2001)

Korea, South now South Korea

Published as “Currency”

South Korean won (KRW)

Published as “Currency code”

KRW

Published as “Exchange rates”

South Korean won per US dollar - 1,317.01 (January 2002), 1,290.99 (2001), 1,130.96 (2000), 1,188.82 (1999), 1,401.44 (1998), 951.29 (1997)

Kyrgyzstan

Published as “Currency”

Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)

Published as “Currency code”

KGS

Published as “Exchange rates”

soms per US dollar - 47.972 (January 2002), 48.378 (2001), 47.704 (2000), 39.008 (1999), 20.838 (1998), 17.362 (1997)

Maldives

Published as “Currency”

rufiyaa (MVR)

Published as “Currency code”

MVR

Published as “Exchange rates”

rufiyaa per US dollar - 11.770 (fixed rate since 1995)

Mongolia

Published as “Currency”

togrog/tugrik (MNT)

Published as “Currency code”

MNT

Published as “Exchange rates”

togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,101.29 (December 2001), 1,097.70 (2001), 1,076.67 (2000), 1,072.37 (1999), 840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997)

Nepal

Published as “Currency”

Nepalese rupee (NPR)

Published as “Currency code”

NPR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 76.675 (January 2002), 74.961 (2001), 71.094 (2000), 68.239 (1999), 65.976 (1998), 58.010 (1997)

Pakistan

Published as “Currency”

Pakistani rupee (PKR)

Published as “Currency code”

PKR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Pakistani rupees per US dollar - 60.719 (January 2002), 61.927 (2001), 53.648 (2000), 49.118 (1999), 44.943 (1998), 40.918 (1997)

Russia

Published as “Currency”

Russian ruble (RUR)

Published as “Currency code”

RUR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Russian rubles per US dollar - 30.4669 (January 2002), 29.1685 (2001), 28.1292 (2000), 24.6199 (1999), 9.7051 (1998), 5,785 (1997)

note: the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1 January 1998 rubles

Sri Lanka

Published as “Currency”

Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)

Published as “Currency code”

LKR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Sri Lankan rupees per US dollar - 93.383 (January 2002), 89.383 (2001), 77.005 (2000), 70.635 (1999), 64.450 (1998), 58.995 (1997)

Tajikistan

Published as “Currency”

somoni

Published as “Currency code”

TJS

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.55 (January 2002), 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)

note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles

Turkmenistan

Published as “Currency”

Turkmen manat (TMM)

Published as “Currency code”

TMM

Published as “Exchange rates”

Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (January 2002-January 2000), 5,350 (January 1999), 4,070 (January 1997)

Uzbekistan

Published as “Currency”

Uzbekistani sum (UZS)

Published as “Currency code”

UZS

Published as “Exchange rates”

Uzbekistani sums per US dollar - 687.0 (January 2002), 325.0 (January 2001), 141.4 (January 2000), 111.9 (February 1999), 110.95 (December 1998), 75.8 (September 1997)

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Antigua and Barbuda

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Aruba

Published as “Currency”

Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)

Published as “Currency code”

AWG

Published as “Exchange rates”

Aruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

Bahamas, The now The Bahamas

Published as “Currency”

Bahamian dollar (BSD)

Published as “Currency code”

BSD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahamian dollars per US dollar - 1.000 (fixed rate pegged to the dollar)

Barbados

Published as “Currency”

Barbadian dollar (BBD)

Published as “Currency code”

BBD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Barbadian dollars per US dollar - 2.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)

Belize

Published as “Currency”

Belizean dollar (BZD)

Published as “Currency code”

BZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)

British Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Cayman Islands

Published as “Currency”

Caymanian dollar (KYD)

Published as “Currency code”

KYD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.82 (29 October 2001), 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993)

Costa Rica

Published as “Currency”

Costa Rican colon (CRC)

Published as “Currency code”

CRC

Published as “Exchange rates”

Costa Rican colones per US dollar - 343.08 (January 2002), 328.87 (2001), 308.19 (2000), 285.68 (1999), 257.23 (1998), 232.60 (1997)

Cuba

Published as “Currency”

Cuban peso (CUP)

Published as “Currency code”

CUP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Cuban pesos per US dollar - 1.0000 (nonconvertible, official rate, for international transactions, pegged to the US dollar);
  • convertible peso sold for domestic use at a rate of 1.00 US dollar per 27 pesos by the Government of Cuba (January 2002)

Dominica

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Dominican Republic

Published as “Currency”

Dominican peso (DOP)

Published as “Currency code”

DOP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Dominican pesos per US dollar - 17.310 (January 2002), 16.952 (2001), 16.415 (2000), 16.033 (1999), 15.267 (1998), 14.265 (1997)

El Salvador

Published as “Currency”

Salvadoran colon (SVC); US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

SVC; USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Salvadoran colones per US dollar - 8.750 (fixed since January 2001), 8.755 (fixed rate since 1993)

note: since January 2001 the US dollar has also become legal tender; the exchange rate has been fixed at 8.75 colones per US dollar

Grenada

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Guadeloupe

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Guatemala

Published as “Currency”

  • quetzal (GTQ),
  • US dollar (USD),
  • others allowed

Published as “Currency code”

GTQ; USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

quetzales per US dollar - 8.0165 (January 2002), 7.8586 (2001), 7.7632 (2000), 7.3856 (1999), 6.3947 (1998), 6.0653 (1997)

Haiti

Published as “Currency”

gourde (HTG)

Published as “Currency code”

HTG

Published as “Exchange rates”

gourdes per US dollar - 26.674 (January 2002), 26.339 (2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997)

Honduras

Published as “Currency”

lempira (HNL)

Published as “Currency code”

HNL

Published as “Exchange rates”

lempiras per US dollar - 16.0256 (January 2002), 15.9197 (2001), 15.1407 (2000), 14.5039 (1999), 13.8076 (1998), 13.0942 (1997)

Jamaica

Published as “Currency”

Jamaican dollar (JMD)

Published as “Currency code”

JMD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jamaican dollars per US dollar - 47.277 (December 2001), 45.996 (2001), 42.701 (2000), 39.044 (1999), 36.550 (1998), 35.404 (1997)

Martinique

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Montserrat

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Netherlands Antilles

Published as “Currency”

Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)

Published as “Currency code”

ANG

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands Antillean guilders per US dollar - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989)

Nicaragua

Published as “Currency”

gold cordoba (NIO)

Published as “Currency code”

NIO

Published as “Exchange rates”

gold cordobas per US dollar - 13.88 (January 2002), 13.37 (2001), 12.69 (2000), 11.81 (1999), 10.58 (1998), 9.45 (1997)

Panama

Published as “Currency”

balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

PAB; USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

balboas per US dollar - 1.000 (fixed rate)

Puerto Rico

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Lucia

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Currency”

East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Published as “Currency code”

XCD

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Trinidad and Tobago

Published as “Currency”

Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)

Published as “Currency code”

TTD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2466 (January 2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Europe

46 entries

Albania

Published as “Currency”

lek (ALL)

Published as “Currency code”

ALL

Published as “Exchange rates”

leke per US dollar - 140.16 (November 2001), 143.71 (2000) 137.69 (1999), 150.63 (1998), 148.93 (1997); note - leke is the plural of lek

Andorra

Published as “Currency”

  • euro (EUR);
  • French franc (FRF);
  • Spanish peseta (ESP)

Published as “Currency code”

  • EUR;
  • FRF;
  • ESP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997);
  • Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997)

Austria

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Austrian schilling (ATS)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; ATS

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • Austrian schillings per US dollar - 11.86 (January 1999), 12.91 (1999), 12.379 (1998), 12.204 (1997)

Belarus

Published as “Currency”

Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)

Published as “Currency code”

BYB/BYR

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Belarusian rubles per US dollar - 1,590 (yearend 2001), 1,531.000 (November 2001), 876.750 (2000), 248.795 (1999), 46.127 (1998), 26.020 (1997);
  • note - on 1 January 2000, the national currency was redenominated at one new ruble to 2,000 old rubles

Belgium

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Belgian franc (BEF)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; BEF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • Belgian francs per US dollar - 34.77 (January 1999), 36.229 (1998), 35.774 (1997)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Published as “Currency”

marka (BAM)

Published as “Currency code”

BAM

Published as “Exchange rates”

marka per US dollar - 2.161 (October 2001), 2.124 (2000), 1.837 (1999), 1.760 (1998), 1.734 (1997)

Bulgaria

Published as “Currency”

lev (BGL)

Published as “Currency code”

BGN

Published as “Exchange rates”

leva per US dollar - 2.2147 (January 2002), 2.1847 (2001), 2.1233 (2000), 1.8364 (1999), 1,760.36 (1998), 1,681.88 (1997)

note: on 5 July 1999, the lev was redenominated; the post-5 July 1999 lev is equal to 1,000 of the pre-5 July 1999 lev

Croatia

Published as “Currency”

kuna (HRK)

Published as “Currency code”

HRK

Published as “Exchange rates”

kuna per US dollar - 8.452 (January 2002), 8.340 (2001), 8.277 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.101 (1997)

Czech Republic now Czechia

Published as “Currency”

Czech koruna (CZK)

Published as “Currency code”

CZK

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny per US dollar - 36.325 (January 2002), 38.035 (2001), 38.598 (2000), 34.569 (1999), 32.281 (1998), 31.698 (1997)

Denmark

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (DKK)

Published as “Currency code”

DKK

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Danish kroner per US dollar - 8.418 (January 2002), 8.323 (2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997);
  • note - the Danes rejected the euro in a 28 September 2000 referendum

Estonia

Published as “Currency”

Estonian kroon (EEK)

Published as “Currency code”

EEK

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • krooni per US dollar - 17.518 (January 2002), 17.538 (2001), 16.969 (2000), 14.678 (1999), 14.075 (1998), 13.882 (1997);
  • note - the kroon is tied to the euro at a fixed rate of 15.65 krooni per euro

Faroe Islands

Published as “Currency”

Danish krone (DKK)

Published as “Currency code”

DKK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner per US dollar - 8.418 (January 2002), 8.323 (2001), 8.083 (2000), 6.976 (1999), 6.701 (1998), 6.604 (1997)

Finland

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); markka (FIM)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FIM

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); markkaa per US dollar - 5.3441 (1998), 5.1914 (1997)

France

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • French francs per US dollar - 5.65 (January 1999), 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Germany

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); deutsche mark (DEM)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; DEM

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.7597 (1998), 1.7341 (1997)

Gibraltar

Published as “Currency”

Gibraltar pound (GIP)

Published as “Currency code”

GIP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.8977 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997);
  • note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Greece

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); drachma (GRD)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; GRD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001);
  • drachmae per US dollar - 380.21 (December 2000), 365.40 (2000), 305.65 (1999), 295.53 (1998), 273.06 (1997)

note: in January 2001, the drachma became a participating currency within the Eurosystem, and the euro market rate became applicable to all transactions

Guernsey

Published as “Currency”

British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound

Published as “Currency code”

GBP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.6944 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997);
  • note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound

Holy See (Vatican City)

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; ITL

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • Vatican lire per US dollar - 2,099 (2000), 1817.2 (1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997);
  • note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira;
  • the Vatican started using euros in 2002 in conjunction with Italy at a fixed rate of 1,936.17 lire per euro

Hungary

Published as “Currency”

forint (HUF)

Published as “Currency code”

HUF

Published as “Exchange rates”

forints per US dollar - 275.920 (January 2002), 286.490 (2001), 282.179 (2000), 237.146 (1999), 214.402 (1998), 186.789 (1997)

Ireland

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Irish pound (IEP)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; IEP

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Irish pounds per US dollar - 0.7014 (1998), 0.6588 (1997)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

Published as “Currency”

British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Manx pound

Published as “Currency code”

GBP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Manx pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); the Manx pound is at par with the British pound

Italy

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; ITL

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • Italian lire per US dollar - 1,688.7 (January 1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997)

Jersey

Published as “Currency”

British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound

Published as “Currency code”

GBP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997);
  • the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound

Latvia

Published as “Currency”

Latvian lat (LVL)

Published as “Currency code”

LVL

Published as “Exchange rates”

lati per US dollar - 0.6384 (January 2002), 0.628 (2001), 0.607 (2000), 0.585 (1999), 0.590 (1998), 0.581 (1997)

Liechtenstein

Published as “Currency”

Swiss franc (CHF)

Published as “Currency code”

CHF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)

Lithuania

Published as “Currency”

litas (LTL)

Published as “Currency code”

LTL

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • litai per US dollar - 3.4946 (15 October 2002), 3.4794 (1 July 2002), 4.000 (fixed rate between 1 May 1994 and 1 February 2002);
  • note - litai is the plural of litas;
  • effective 1 February 2002 the litas was pegged to the euro at a rate of 3.4528

Luxembourg

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Luxembourg franc (LUF)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; LUF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999);
  • Luxembourg francs per US dollar - 34.77 (January 1999), 36.299 (1998), 35.774 (1997)

Malta

Published as “Currency”

Maltese lira (MTL)

Published as “Currency code”

MTL

Published as “Exchange rates”

Maltese liri per US dollar - 0.4542 (January 2002), 0.4499 (2001), 0.4376 (2000), 0.3994 (1999), 0.3885 (1998), 0.3857 (1997)

Moldova

Published as “Currency”

Moldovan leu (MDL)

Published as “Currency code”

MDL

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei per US dollar - 12.8579 (October 2001), 12.4342 (2000), 10.5158 (1999), 5.3707 (1998), 4.6236 (1997); note - lei is the plural form of leu

Monaco

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Netherlands

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Netherlands guilder (NLG)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; NLG

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Netherlands guilders per US dollar - 1.9837 (1998), 1.9513 (1997)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of now North Macedonia

Published as “Currency”

Macedonian denar (MKD)

Published as “Currency code”

MKD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001), 65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997)

Norway

Published as “Currency”

Norwegian krone (NOK)

Published as “Currency code”

NOK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)

Poland

Published as “Currency”

zloty (PLN)

Published as “Currency code”

PLN

Published as “Exchange rates”

zlotych per US dollar - 4.0144 (December 2001), 4.0939 (2001), 4.3461 (2000), 3.9671 (1999), 3.4754 (1998), 3.2793 (1997)

note: zlotych is the plural form of zloty

Portugal

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Portuguese escudo (PTE)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; PTE

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997)

Romania

Published as “Currency”

leu (ROL)

Published as “Currency code”

ROL

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei per US dollar - 35,052.0 (January 2002), 29,060.8 (2001), 21,708.7 (2000), 15,332.8 (1999), 8,875.6 (1998), 7,167.9 (1997); note - lei is the plural form of leu

San Marino

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; ITL

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997)

Serbia and Montenegro

Published as “Currency”

  • new Yugoslav dinar (YUM);
  • note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender;
  • in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal (2002)

Published as “Currency code”

YUM

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - official rate:
65 (January 2002), 10.0 (December 1998), 5.85 (December 1997), 5.02 (September 1996); black market rate: 14.5 (December 1998), 8.9 (December 1997)

Slovakia

Published as “Currency”

Slovak koruna (SKK)

Published as “Currency code”

SKK

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny per US dollar - 47.792 (September 2001), 46.035 (2000), 41.363 (1999), 35.233 (1998), 33.616 (1997)

Slovenia

Published as “Currency”

tolar (SIT)

Published as “Currency code”

SIT

Published as “Exchange rates”

tolars per US dollar - 251.40 (January 2002), 242.75 (2001), 222.66 (2000), 181.77 (1999), 166.13 (1998), 159.69 (1997)

Spain

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); Spanish peseta (ESP)

note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions with the member countries

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; ESP

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997)

Sweden

Published as “Currency”

Swedish krona (SEK)

Published as “Currency code”

SEK

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swedish kronor per US dollar - 10.4381 (January 2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997)

Switzerland

Published as “Currency”

Swiss franc (CHF)

Published as “Currency code”

CHF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.6668 (January 2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999), 1.4498 (1998), 1.4513 (1997)

Ukraine

Published as “Currency”

hryvnia (UAH)

Published as “Currency code”

UAH

Published as “Exchange rates”

hryvnia per US dollar - 5.3126 (January 2002), 5.3722 (2001), 5.4402 (2000), 4.1304 (1999), 2.4495 (1998), 1.8617 (1997)

United Kingdom

Published as “Currency”

British pound (GBP)

Published as “Currency code”

GBP

Published as “Exchange rates”

British pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

Published as “Currency”

Bahraini dinar (BHD)

Published as “Currency code”

BHD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)

Cyprus

Published as “Currency”

Greek Cypriot area:
Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish lira (TRL)

Published as “Currency code”

CYP; TRL

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Cypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.6518 (January 2002), 0.6427 (2001), 0.6208 (2000), 0.5423 (1999), 0.5170 (1998), 0.5135 (1997);
  • Turkish liras per US dollar - 1,370,629 (January 2002), 1,223,140 (2001), 625,219 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997)

Gaza Strip

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (ILS)

Published as “Currency code”

ILS

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.2757 (December 2001), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997)

Iran

Published as “Currency”

Iranian rial (IRR)

Published as “Currency code”

IRR

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • from 1997 to 2001, Iran had a multi-exchange-rate system;
  • one of these rates, the official floating exchange rate, by which most essential goods were imported, averaged 1,750 rials per US dollar;
  • in March 2002, the multi-exchange-rate system was converged into one rate at about 7,900 rials per US dollar

Iraq

Published as “Currency”

Iraqi dinar (IQD)

Published as “Currency code”

IQD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.3109 (fixed official rate since 1982);
  • black market rate - Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 2,000 (December 2001), 1,910 (December 1999), 1,815 (December 1998), 1,530 (December 1997), 910 (December 1996);
  • note - subject to wide fluctuations

Israel

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (ILS)

Published as “Currency code”

ILS

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.2757 (December 2001), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997)

Jordan

Published as “Currency”

Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Published as “Currency code”

JOD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jordanian dinars per US dollar - 0.7090 (1996-present )

note: since May 1989, the Jordanian dinar has been pegged to a group of currencies

Kuwait

Published as “Currency”

Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

Published as “Currency code”

KWD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kuwaiti dinars per US dollar - 0.3075 (January 2002), 0.3066, (2001), 0.3067 (2000), 0.3044 (1999), 0.3047 (1998), 0.3033 (1997)

Lebanon

Published as “Currency”

Lebanese pound (LBP)

Published as “Currency code”

LBP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Lebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (January 2002), 1,507.5 (2001), 1,507.5 (2000), 1,507.8 (1999), 1,516.1 (1998), 1,539.5 (1997)

Oman

Published as “Currency”

Omani rial (OMR)

Published as “Currency code”

OMR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Omani rials per US dollar - 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

Qatar

Published as “Currency”

Qatari rial (QAR)

Published as “Currency code”

QAR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate)

Saudi Arabia

Published as “Currency”

Saudi riyal (SAR)

Published as “Currency code”

SAR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Saudi riyals per US dollar - 3.7450 (fixed rate since June 1986)

Syria

Published as “Currency”

Syrian pound (SYP)

Published as “Currency code”

SYP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Syrian pounds per US dollar - 51 (December 2001), 46 (2000), 46 (1998), 41.9 (January 1997)

Turkey now Turkiye

Published as “Currency”

Turkish lira (TRL)

Published as “Currency code”

TRL

Published as “Exchange rates”

Turkish liras per US dollar - 1,223,140 (January 2002), 1,223,140 (2001), 625,219 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997)

United Arab Emirates

Published as “Currency”

Emirati dirham (AED)

Published as “Currency code”

AED

Published as “Exchange rates”

Emirati dirhams per US dollar - central bank mid-point rate: 3.6725 (since 1997), 3.6710 (1995-96)

West Bank

Published as “Currency”

new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Published as “Currency code”

ILS; JOD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • new Israeli shekels per US dollar - 4.2757 (December 2001), 4.2057 (2001), 4.0773 (2000), 4.1397 (1999), 3.8001 (1998), 3.4494 (1997);
  • Jordanian dinars per US dollar - fixed rate of 0.7090 (from 1996)

Yemen

Published as “Currency”

Yemeni rial (YER)

Published as “Currency code”

YER

Published as “Exchange rates”

Yemeni rials per US dollar - 171.860 (December 2001), 168.678 (2001), 161.718 (2000), 155.718 (1999), 135.882 (1998), 129.281 (1997)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

Published as “Currency”

Bermudian dollar (BMD)

Published as “Currency code”

BMD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)

Canada

Published as “Currency”

Canadian dollar (CAD)

Published as “Currency code”

CAD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.6003 (January 2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997)

Mexico

Published as “Currency”

Mexican peso (MXN)

Published as “Currency code”

MXN

Published as “Exchange rates”

Mexican pesos per US dollar - 9.1614 (January 2002), 9.3423 (2001), 9.4556 (2000), 9.5604 (1999), 9.1360 (1998), 7.9185 (1997)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

United States

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • British pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997);
  • Canadian dollars per US dollar - 1.6003 (January 2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000), 1.4857 (1999), 1.4835 (1998), 1.3846 (1997);
  • French francs per US dollar - 5.65 (January 1999), 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997);
  • Italian lire per US dollar - 1,668.7 (January 1999), 1,763.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997);
  • Japanese yen per US dollar - 132.66 (January 2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998), 120.99 (1997);
  • German deutsche marks per US dollar - 1.69 (January 1999), 1.9692 (1998), 1.7341 (1997);
  • euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999)

note: financial institutions in France, Italy, and Germany and eight other European countries started using the euro on 1 January 1999 with the euro replacing the local currency in consenting countries for all transactions in 2002

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Australia

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Cook Islands

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Published as “Currency code”

NZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)

Fiji

Published as “Currency”

Fijian dollar (FJD)

Published as “Currency code”

FJD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Fijian dollars per US dollar - 2.2934 (January 2002), 2.2766 (2001), 2.1286 (2000), 1.9696 (1999), 1.9868 (1998), 1.4437 (1997)

French Polynesia

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003

Published as “Currency code”

XPF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997);
  • note - pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro

Guam

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Kiribati

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Marshall Islands

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Nauru

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

New Caledonia

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003

Published as “Currency code”

XPF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997);
  • note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro

New Zealand

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Published as “Currency code”

NZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)

Niue

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Published as “Currency code”

NZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997)

Norfolk Island

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Northern Mariana Islands

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Palau

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

the US dollar is used

Papua New Guinea

Published as “Currency”

kina (PGK)

Published as “Currency code”

PGK

Published as “Exchange rates”

kina per US dollar - 3.706 (January 2002), 3.374 (2001), 2.765 (2000), 2.539 (1999), 2.058 (1998), 1.434 (1997)

Pitcairn Islands

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Published as “Currency code”

NZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)

Samoa

Published as “Currency”

tala (WST)

Published as “Currency code”

WST

Published as “Exchange rates”

tala per US dollar - 3.5236 (January 2002), 3.4722 (2001), 3.2712 (2000), 3.0120 (1999), 2.9429 (1998), 2.5562 (1997)

Solomon Islands

Published as “Currency”

Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)

Published as “Currency code”

SBD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Solomon Islands dollars per US dollar - 5.3728 (December 2001), 5.0889 (2000), 4.8381 (1999), 4.8156 (1998), 3.7169 (1997)

Tokelau

Published as “Currency”

New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Published as “Currency code”

NZD

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)

Tonga

Published as “Currency”

pa'anga (TOP)

Published as “Currency code”

TOP

Published as “Exchange rates”

pa'anga per US dollar - 2.1920 (January 2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997)

Tuvalu

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Vanuatu

Published as “Currency”

vatu (VUV)

Published as “Currency code”

VUV

Published as “Exchange rates”

vatu per US dollar - 146.02 (December 2001), 145.31 (2001), 137.64 (2000), 129.08 (1999), 127.52 (1998), 115.87 (1997)

Wallis and Futuna

Published as “Currency”

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003

Published as “Currency code”

XPF

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.43 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997);
  • note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro

South America

14 entries

Argentina

Published as “Currency”

Argentine peso (ARS)

Published as “Currency code”

ARS

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Argentine pesos per US dollar - 1.33325 (January 2002), 1.000 (1997-2001);
  • note - fixed rate pegged to the US dollar was abandoned in January 2002;
  • peso now floats

Bolivia

Published as “Currency”

boliviano (BOB)

Published as “Currency code”

BOB

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivianos per US dollar - 6.8613 (January 2002), 6.6069 (2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997)

Brazil

Published as “Currency”

real (BRL)

Published as “Currency code”

BRL

Published as “Exchange rates”

reals per US dollar - 2.378 (January 2002), 2.358 (2001), 1.830 (2000), 1.815 (1999), 1.161 (1998), 1.078 (1997)

note: from October 1994 through 14 January 1999, the official rate was determined by a managed float; since 15 January 1999, the official rate floats independently with respect to the US dollar

Chile

Published as “Currency”

Chilean peso (CLP)

Published as “Currency code”

CLP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Chilean pesos per US dollar - 651.90 (January 2002), 618.70 (2001), 535.47 (2000), 508.78 (1999), 460.29 (1998), 419.30 (1997)

Colombia

Published as “Currency”

Colombian peso (COP)

Published as “Currency code”

COP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Colombian pesos per US dollar - 2,275.89 (January 2002), 2,299.63 (2001), 2,087.90 (2000), 1,756.23 (1999), 1,426.04 (1998), 1,140.96 (1997)

Ecuador

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Published as “Exchange rates”

sucres per US dollar - 25,000.0 (January 2002), 25,000.0 (2001), 24,988.4 (2000), 11,786.8 (1999), 5,446.6 (1998), 3,988.3 (1997)

note: on 13 March 2000, the National Congress approved a new exchange system whereby the US dollar was adopted as the main legal tender in Ecuador for all purposes; on 20 March 2000, the Central Bank of Ecuador started to exchange sucres for US dollars at a fixed rate of 25,000 sucres per US dollar; since 30 April 2000, all transactions are denominated in US dollars

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Published as “Currency”

Falkland pound (FKP)

Published as “Currency code”

FKP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997);
  • note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound

French Guiana

Published as “Currency”

euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)

Published as “Currency code”

EUR; FRF

Published as “Exchange rates”

Euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)

Guyana

Published as “Currency”

Guyanese dollar (GYD)

Published as “Currency code”

GYD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 189.5 (December 2001), 187.3 (2001), 182.4 (2000), 178.0 (1999), 150.5 (1998), 142.4 (1997)

Paraguay

Published as “Currency”

guarani (PYG)

Published as “Currency code”

PYG

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • guarani per US dollar - 4,783.0 (January 2002), 4,107.7 (2001), 3,486.4 (2000), 3,119.1 (1999), 2,726.5 (1998), 2,177.9 (1997);
  • note - since early 1998, the exchange rate has operated as a managed float;
  • prior to that, the exchange rate was determined freely in the market

Peru

Published as “Currency”

nuevo sol (PEN)

Published as “Currency code”

PEN

Published as “Exchange rates”

nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.4400 (November 2001), 3.509 (2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.3833 (1999), 2.9300 (1998), 2.6642 (1997)

Suriname

Published as “Currency”

Surinamese guilder (SRG)

Published as “Currency code”

SRG

Published as “Exchange rates”

Surinamese guilders per US dollar - 2,178.50 (2001), 2,178.50 (2000), 987.50 (1999), 401.00 (1998), 401.00 (1997); note - yearend rates

note: beginning in July 1994, the central bank midpoint exchange rate was unified and became market determined; during 1998, the exchange rate splintered into four distinct rates; in January 1999 the government floated the guilder, but subsequently fixed it when the black-market rate plunged; the government currently allows trading within a band of SRG 500 around the official rate

Uruguay

Published as “Currency”

Uruguayan peso (UYU)

Published as “Currency code”

UYU

Published as “Exchange rates”

Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 14.3325 (January 2002), 13.3191 (2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997)

Venezuela

Published as “Currency”

bolivar (VEB)

Published as “Currency code”

VEB

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivares per US dollar - 761.225 (January 2002), 723.666 (2001), 679.960 (2000), 605.717 (1999), 547.556 (1998), 488.635 (1997)

Southeast Asia

16 entries

Brunei

Published as “Currency”

Bruneian dollar (BND)

Published as “Currency code”

BND

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.8917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997);
  • note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

Published as “Currency”

kyat (MMK)

Published as “Currency code”

MMK

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • kyats per US dollar - official rate - 6.8581 (January 2002), 6.7489 (2001), 6.5167 (2000), 6.2858 (1999), 6.3432 (1998), 6.2418 (1997);
  • kyats per US dollar - black market exchange rate - 435 (yearend 2000)

Cambodia

Published as “Currency”

riel (KHR)

Published as “Currency code”

KHR

Published as “Exchange rates”

riels per US dollar - 3,895.0 (January 2002), 3,918.5 (2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997)

Christmas Island

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Published as “Currency”

Australian dollar (AUD)

Published as “Currency code”

AUD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)

Hong Kong

Published as “Currency”

Hong Kong dollar (HKD)

Published as “Currency code”

HKD

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Hong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.798 (January 2002), 7.7994 (2001), 7.7918 (2000), 7.7589 (1999), 7.7462 (1998), 7.7425 (1997);
  • note - the Hong Kong dollar is linked to the US dollar at a rate of about 7.8 Hong Kong dollars per US dollar

Indonesia

Published as “Currency”

Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

Published as “Currency code”

IDR

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,377.3 (January 2002), 10,260.9 (2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997)

Laos

Published as “Currency”

kip (LAK)

Published as “Currency code”

LAK

Published as “Exchange rates”

kips per US dollar - 9,467.00 (December 2001), 8,954.58 (2001), 7,887.64 (2000), 7,102.03 (1999), 3,298.33 (1998), 1,259.98 (1997)

Macau

Published as “Currency”

pataca (MOP)

Published as “Currency code”

MOP

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997);
  • note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar

Malaysia

Published as “Currency”

ringgit (MYR)

Published as “Currency code”

MYR

Published as “Exchange rates”

ringgits per US dollar - 3.8000 (January 2002), 3.8000 (2001), 3.8000 (2000), 3.8000 (1999), 3.9244 (1998), 2.8133 (1997)

Philippines

Published as “Currency”

Philippine peso (PHP)

Published as “Currency code”

PHP

Published as “Exchange rates”

Philippine pesos per US dollar - 51.201 (January 2002), 50.993 (2001), 44.192 (2000), 39.089 (1999), 40.893 (1998), 29.471 (1997)

Singapore

Published as “Currency”

Singapore dollar (SGD)

Published as “Currency code”

SGD

Published as “Exchange rates”

Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.8388 (January 2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997)

Taiwan

Published as “Currency”

new Taiwan dollar (TWD)

Published as “Currency code”

TWD

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Taiwan dollars per US dollar - 34.6 (2002), 34.49 (yearend 2001),, 33.08 (yearend 2000),, 31.4 (yearend 1999),, 32.22 (1998),, 32.05 (1997),, 27.5 (1996)

Thailand

Published as “Currency”

baht (THB)

Published as “Currency code”

THB

Published as “Exchange rates”

baht per US dollar - 43.982 (January 2002), 43.432 (2001), 40.112 (2000), 37.814 (1999), 41.359 (1998), 31.364 (1997)

East Timor now Timor-Leste

Published as “Currency”

US dollar (USD)

Published as “Currency code”

USD

Vietnam

Published as “Currency”

dong (VND)

Published as “Currency code”

VND

Published as “Exchange rates”

dong per US dollar - 15,085 (January 2002), 14,725 (2001), 14,168 (2000), 13,943 (1999), 13,268 (1998), 11,683 (1997)

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2002, “Exchange rates”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exchange-rates/2002.

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