The CIA World Factbook Edition 1996 Economy

Exchange rates In 36 editions of 36.

Exchange rates was published in 36 editions of the CIA World Factbook, from 1990 to 2025. The 1996 edition carries it in 235 entries, in its Economy section, under the heading “Currency”. Every entry is shown as that edition published it.

entries in the 1996 edition
235
the first edition with it
1990
the latest edition with it
2025

Published as “Exchange rates” (1990 to 2025), “Currency” (1990 to 2004), “Currency (code)” (2005 to 2008) and “Currency code” (2001 to 2004).

the entry has the field in that editionnot in that editionthe open editionEach entry below ends in its editions with Exchange rates, 1990 to 2025. Point at a year above to follow it down; choose one in a row to read that edition’s text there.

1996

Every edition with Exchange rates

Entries with Exchange rates in each edition

19902000201020202025

Select a bar to open that edition.

Africa

57 entries

Algeria

Published as “Currency”

1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 53.003 (January 1996), 47.663 (1995), 35.059 (1994), 23.345 (1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473 (1991)

Angola

Published as “Currency”

1 new kwanza (NKz) = 100 lwei

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • new kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 900,000 (official rate 25 April 1995), 1,900,000 (black market rate 6 April 1995), 600,000 (official rate 10 January 1995), 90,000 (official rate 1 June 1994), 180,000 (black market rate 1 June 1994);
  • 7,000 (official rate 16 December 1993), 50,000 (black market rate 16 December 1993);
  • 3,884 (July 1993);
  • 550 (April 1992);
  • 90 (November 1991);
  • 60 (October 1990)

Benin

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Botswana

Published as “Currency”

1 pula (P) = 100 thebe

Published as “Exchange rates”

pula (P) per US$1 - 2.8305 (January 1996), 2.7716 (1995), 2.6831 (1994), 2.4190 (1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991)

Burkina Faso

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Burundi

Published as “Currency”

1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 268.13 (November 1995), 252.66 (1994), 242.78 (1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990)

Cape Verde now Cabo Verde

Published as “Currency”

1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 77.860 (December 1995), 76.853 (1995), 81.891 (1994), 80.427 (1993), 68.018 (1992), 71.408 (1991)

Cameroon

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Central African Republic

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Chad

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Comoros

Published as “Currency”

1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 375.42 (January 1996), 374.36 (1995), 416.40 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the Comoran franc was devalued to 75 per French franc from 50 per French franc at which it had been fixed since 1948

Zaire now Democratic Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta

Published as “Exchange rates”

new zaires (Z) per US$1 - 10,618 (October 1995), 1,194 (1994), 3 (1993); zaire (Z) per US$1 - 645,549 (1992), 15,587 (1991)

note: on 22 October 1993 the new zaire, equal to 3,000,000 old zaires, was introduced

Congo now Republic of the Congo

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Cote d'Ivoire

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Djibouti

Published as “Currency”

1 Djiboutian franc (DF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1 - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)

Egypt

Published as “Currency”

1 Egyptian pound (LE) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Egyptian pounds (LE) per US$1 - 3.4 (November 1994), 3.369 (November 1993), 3.345 (November 1992), 2.7072 (1990);

market rate:
3.3920 (January 1996), 3.3900 (1995), 3.3910 (1994), 3.3718 (1993), 3.3386 (1992), 3.3322 (1991)

Equatorial Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Eritrea

Published as “Currency”

1 birr (Br) = 100 cents; at present, Ethiopian currency used

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • birr (Br) per US$1 - 6.2 (1995 est.), 5.600 (September 1994), 5.000 (fixed rate 1992-93);
  • note - following independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea continued to use Ethiopian currency, the official rate of which was pegged to US$1 = 5.000 birr

Swaziland now Eswatini

Published as “Currency”

1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • emalangeni (E) per US$1 - 3.6417 (January 1996), 3.6266 (1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990);
  • note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand

Ethiopia

Published as “Currency”

1 birr (Br) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • birr (Br) per US$1 - 6.3200 (December 1995), 6.3200 (1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93);
  • fixed at 2.070 before 1992;
  • note - official rate pegged to the US$

Gabon

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

The Gambia

Published as “Currency”

1 dalasi (D) = 100 butut

Published as “Exchange rates”

dalasi (D) per US$1 - 9.555 (August 1996), 9.576 (1994), 9.129 (1993), 8.888 (1992), 8.803 (1991)

Ghana

Published as “Currency”

1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas

Published as “Exchange rates”

new cedis per US$1 - 1,246.11 (September 1995), 956.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991)

Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 995.3 (August 1995), 976.6 (1994), 955.5 (1993), 902.0 (1992), 753.9 (1991)

note: the official exchange rate of the Guinean franc was set and quoted weekly against the US dollar until end-October 1993; since 1 November 1994, the exchange rate is determined in the interbank market for foreign exchange

Guinea-Bissau

Published as “Currency”

1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1 - 17,659 (December 1995), 12,892 (1994), 10,082 (1993), 6,934 (1992), 3,659 (1991), 2,185 (1990)

Kenya

Published as “Currency”

1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 56.715 (January 1996), 51.430 (1995), 56.051 (1994), 58.001 (1993), 32.217 (1992), 27.508 (1991)

Lesotho

Published as “Currency”

1 loti (L) = 100 lisente

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • maloti (M) per US$1 - 3.6417 (January 1996), 3.6266 (1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991);
  • note - the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand

Liberia

Published as “Currency”

1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (officially fixed rate since 1940);
  • market exchange rate of US$1 - L$50 (October 1995), L$7 (January 1992), market rate floats against the US dollar

Libya

Published as “Currency”

1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.3617 (January 1996), 0.3532 (1995), 0.3596 (1994), 0.3250 (1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991)

Madagascar

Published as “Currency”

1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1 - 4,239.5 (November 1995), 3,067.3 (1994), 1,913.8 (1993), 1,864.0 (1992), 1,835.4 (1991)

Malawi

Published as “Currency”

1 Malawian kwacha (MK) = 100 tambala

Published as “Exchange rates”

Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1 - 16.3516 (November 1995), 8.7364 (1994), 4.4028 (1993), 3.6033 (1992), 2.8033 (1991)

Mali

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Mauritania

Published as “Currency”

1 ouguiya (UM) = 5 khoums

Published as “Exchange rates”

ouguiyas (UM) per US$1 - 135.690 (January 1996), 129.768 (1995), 123.575 (1994), 120.806 (1993), 87.027 (1992), 81.946 (1991)

Mauritius

Published as “Currency”

1 Mauritian rupee (MauR) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Mauritian rupees (MauRs) per US$1 - 17.842 (January 1996), 17.386 (1995), 17.960 (1994), 17.648 (1993), 15.563 (1992), 15.652 (1991)

Mayotte

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Morocco

Published as “Currency”

1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 8.607 (January 1996), 8.540 (1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991)

Mozambique

Published as “Currency”

1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 10,908.0 (December 1995), 9,024.3 (1995), 6,038.6 (1994), 3,874.2 (1993), 2,516.5 (1992), 1,434.5 (1991)

Namibia

Published as “Currency”

1 South African rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

South African rand (R) per US$1 - 3.6417 (January 1996), 3.6266 (1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7653 (1991)

Niger

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Nigeria

Published as “Currency”

1 naira (N) = 100 kobo

Published as “Exchange rates”

naira (N) per US$1 - 21.886 (January 1996), 21.895 (1995), 21.996 (1994), 22.065 (1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909 (1991)

Reunion

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Rwanda

Published as “Currency”

1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 401.27 (2nd quarter 1994), 168.20 (1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991)

Saint Helena now Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Published as “Currency”

1 Saint Helenian pound (LS) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Saint Helenian pounds (LS) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound

Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Currency”

1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

dobras (Db) per US$1 - 1,610 (May 1995), 129.59 (1 July 1993), 230 (1992), 260.0 (November 1991), 122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987)

Senegal

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Seychelles

Published as “Currency”

1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 4.9257 (January 1996), 4.7620 (1995), 5.0559 (1994), 5.1815 (1993), 5.1220 (1992), 5.2893 (1991)

Sierra Leone

Published as “Currency”

1 leone (Le) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

leones (Le) per US$1 - 951.63 (January 1996), 755.22 (1995), 586.74 (1994), 567.46 (1993), 499.44 (1992), 295.34 (1991)

Somalia

Published as “Currency”

1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - approximately 7,000 (January 1996), 5,000 (1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993), 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989),

South Africa

Published as “Currency”

1 rand (R) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

rand (R) per US$1 - 3.6417 (January 1996), 3.6266 (1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991)

Sudan

Published as “Currency”

1 Sudanese pound (LSd) = 100 piastres

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Sudanese pounds (LSd) per US$1 - official rate: 750.0 (November 1995), 277.8 (1994), 153.8 (1993), 69.4 (1992), 5.4288 (1991);
  • market rate: 571.02 (August 1995), 289.61 (1994), 159.31 (1993), 97.43 (1992), 6.96 (1991)

note: the market rate is a unified exchange rate determined by a committee of local bankers, without official intervention, and is quoted uniformly by all commercial banks

Tanzania

Published as “Currency”

1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 558.18 (December 1995), 574.76 (1995), 509.63 (1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991)

Togo

Published as “Currency”

1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 500.56 (January 1996), 499.15 (1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991)

note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948

Tunisia

Published as “Currency”

1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 0.9635 (January 1996), 0.9458 (1995), 1.0116 (1994), 1.0037 (1993), 0.8844 (1992), 0.9246 (1991)

Uganda

Published as “Currency”

1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,032.6 (November 1995), 979.4 (1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1,133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991)

Western Sahara

Published as “Currency”

1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 8.607 (January 1996), 8.540 (1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991)

Zambia

Published as “Currency”

1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 909.09 (December 1995), 833.33 (1995), 769.23 (1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991)

Zimbabwe

Published as “Currency”

1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 -9.3633 (January 1996), 8.6580 (1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.0942 (1992), 3.4282 (1991)

Arctic Region

3 entries

Greenland

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 5.652 (January 1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991)

Iceland

Published as “Currency”

1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar

Published as “Exchange rates”

Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$1 - 65.970 (January 1996), 64.692 (1995), 69.944 (1994), 67.603 (1993), 57.546 (1992), 58.996 (1991)

Svalbard

Published as “Currency”

1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.4160 (January 1996), 6.3352 (1995), 7.0576 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991)

Asia

22 entries

Afghanistan

Published as “Currency”

1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 7,000 (January 1995), 1,900 (January 1994), 1,019 (March 1993), 850 (1991);
  • note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rate, which is a fixed rate of 50.600 afghanis to the dollar

Armenia

Published as “Currency”

1 dram = 100 luma (introduced new currency in November 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

dram per US$1 - 401.8 (end December 1995), 406 (end December 1994)

Azerbaijan

Published as “Currency”

1 manat = 100 gopik

Published as “Exchange rates”

manats per US$1 - 4,375 (April 1996), 4,500 (April 1995), 4,168 (end of December 1994)

Bangladesh

Published as “Currency”

1 taka (Tk) = 100 poiska

Published as “Exchange rates”

taka (Tk) per US$1 - 40.933 (January 19965), 40.278 (1995), 40.212 (1994), 39.567 (1993), 38.951 (1992), 36.596 (1991)

Bhutan

Published as “Currency”

1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • ngultrum (Nu) per US$1 - 35.766 (January 1996), 32.427 (1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991);
  • note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee

China

Published as “Currency”

1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao

Published as “Exchange rates”

yuan (Y) per US$1 - 8.3186 (January 1996), 8.3514 (1995), 8.6187 (1994), 5.7620 (1993), 5.5146 (1992), 5.3234 (1991)

note: beginning 1 January 1994, the People's Bank of China quotes the midpoint rate against the US dollar based on the previous day's prevailing rate in the interbank foreign exchange market

Georgia

Published as “Currency”

lari introduced September 1995 replacing the coupon

Published as “Exchange rates”

laris per US$1 - 1.24 (end December 1995)

India

Published as “Currency”

1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1 - 35.766 (January 1996), 32.427 (1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991)

Japan

Published as “Currency”

yen (Y)

Published as “Exchange rates”

yen (Y) per US$1 - 105.84 (January 1996), 94.06 (1995), 102.21 (1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991)

Kazakstan now Kazakhstan

Published as “Currency”

national currency, the tenge, introduced on 15 November 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

tenges per US$1 - 64 (yearend 1995), 54 (yearend 1994)

Korea, North now North Korea

Published as “Currency”

1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chon

Published as “Exchange rates”

North Korean won (Wn) per US$1 - 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989)

Korea, South now South Korea

Published as “Currency”

1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chun (theoretical)

Published as “Exchange rates”

South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 787.27 (January 1996), 771.27 (1995), 803.45 (1994), 802.67 (1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991)

Kyrgyzstan

Published as “Currency”

introduced national currency, the som (10 May 1993)

Published as “Exchange rates”

soms per US$1 - 11.2 (yearend 1995), 10.6 (yearend 1994)

Maldives

Published as “Currency”

1 rufiyaa (Rf) = 100 laari

Published as “Exchange rates”

rufiyaa (Rf) per US$1 - 11.770 (January 1996), 11.770 (1995), 11.586 (1994), 10.957 (1993), 10.569 (1992), 10.253 (1991)

Mongolia

Published as “Currency”

1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos

Published as “Exchange rates”

tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 4465.39 (October 1995), 412.72 (1994), 42.56 (1992), 9.52 (1991), 5.63 (1990)

Nepal

Published as “Currency”

1 Nepalese rupee (NR) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1 - 56.636 (January 1996), 51.890 (1995), 49.398 (1994), 48.607 (1993), 42.718 (1992), 37.255 (1991)

Pakistan

Published as “Currency”

1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa

Published as “Exchange rates”

Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 34.339 (January 1996), 31.643 (1995), 30.567 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991)

Russia

Published as “Currency”

1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks

Published as “Exchange rates”

rubles per US$1 - 4,640 (29 December 1995), 3,550 (29 December 1994), 1,247 (27 December 1993)

Sri Lanka

Published as “Currency”

1 Sri Lankan rupee (SLRe) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Sri Lankan rupees (SLRes) per US$1 - 54.158 (January 1996), 51.252 (1995), 49.415 (1994), 48.322 (1993), 43.830 (1992), 41.372 (1991)

Tajikistan

Published as “Currency”

introduced its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in May 1995

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Tajik rubles per US$1 - 284 (January 1996)

Turkmenistan

Published as “Currency”

Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on 1 November 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • manats per US$1 - 2,400 (January 1996)

note: government established a unified rate in mid-January 1996

Uzbekistan

Published as “Currency”

  • introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated parallel to the Russian rubles;
  • became the sole legal currency 31 January 1994;
  • was replaced in July 1994 by the som currency

Published as “Exchange rates”

soms per US$1 - 35.8 (end December 1995), 25 (yearend 1994)

Central America and the Caribbean

31 entries

Anguilla

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Antigua and Barbuda

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Aruba

Published as “Currency”

1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1 - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

The Bahamas

Published as “Currency”

1 Bahamian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahamian dollar (B$) per US$1 - 1.00 (fixed rate)

Barbados

Published as “Currency”

1 Barbadian dollar (Bds$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Barbadian dollars (Bds$) per US$1 - 2.0113 (fixed rate)

Belize

Published as “Currency”

1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1 - 2.00 (fixed rate)

British Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Cayman Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1 - 0.83 (18 November 1993), 0.85 (22 November 1993)

Costa Rica

Published as “Currency”

1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 193.93 (December 1995), 179.73 (1995), 157.07 (1994), 142.17 (1993), 134.51 (1992), 122.43 (1991)

Cuba

Published as “Currency”

1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (non-convertible, official rate, linked to the US dollar)

Dominica

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Dominican Republic

Published as “Currency”

1 Dominican peso (RD$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Dominican pesos (RD$) per US$1 - 13.589 (December 1995), 13.617 (1995), 13.160 (1994), 12.676 (1993), 12.774 (1992), 12.692 (1991)

El Salvador

Published as “Currency”

1 Salvadoran colon (C) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Salvadoran colones (C) per US$1 - 8.755 (December 1995), 8.755 (1995), 8.750 (1994), 8.670 (1993), 9.170 (1992), 8.080 (1991)

Grenada

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Guadeloupe

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Guatemala

Published as “Currency”

1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.9346 (December 1995), 5.8103 (1995), 5.7512 (1994), 5,6354 (1993), 5.1706 (1992), 5.0289 (1991);
  • note - black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989)

Haiti

Published as “Currency”

1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

gourdes (G) per US$1 - 16.783 (January 1996), 16.160 (1995), 12.947 (1994), 12.805 (1993), 10.953 (1992), 8.240 (1991)

Honduras

Published as “Currency”

1 lempira (L) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • lempiras (L) per US$1 - 10.3432 (December 1994), 10.3432 (1995), 9.4001 (1994), 7.2600 (1993), 5.8300 (1992), 5.4000 (1991);
  • the lempira was allowed to float in 1992

Jamaica

Published as “Currency”

1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 39.86 (December 1995), 33.086 (1994), 24.949 (1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991)

Martinique

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Montserrat

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

Netherlands Antilles

Published as “Currency”

1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (NAf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins (NAf.) per US$1 - 1.790 (fixed rate since 1989)

Nicaragua

Published as “Currency”

1 gold cordoba (C$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

gold cordobas (C$) per US$1 - 7.98 (December 1995), 6.72 (1994), 5.62 (1993), 5.00 (1992), 4.27 (1991)

Panama

Published as “Currency”

1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

balboas (B) per US$1 - 1.000 (fixed rate)

Puerto Rico

Published as “Currency”

1 US dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Lucia

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Published as “Currency”

1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)

Trinidad and Tobago

Published as “Currency”

1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1 - 5.9412 (January 1996), 5.9192 (1995), 5.9249 (1994), 5.3511 (1993), 4.2500 (fixed rate 1989-1992);
  • note - effective 13 April 1993, the exchange rate of the TT$ is market-determined as opposed to the prior fixed relationship to the US dollar

Turks and Caicos Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Virgin Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Europe

46 entries

Albania

Published as “Currency”

1 lek (L) = 100 qintars

Published as “Exchange rates”

leke (L) per US$1 - 95.65 (January 1996), 100.00 (January 1995), 99.00 (January 1994), 97.00 (January 1993), 50.00 (January 1992), 25.00 (September 1991)

Andorra

Published as “Currency”

  • 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes;
  • 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos;
  • the French and Spanish currencies are used

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991);
  • Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 123.19 (January 1996), 124.69 (1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991)

Austria

Published as “Currency”

1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen

Published as “Exchange rates”

Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 10.314 (January 1996), 10.081 (1995), 11.422 (1994), 11.632 (1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991)

Belarus

Published as “Currency”

Belarusian rubel (BR)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belarusian rubels per US$1 - 11,500 (yearend 1995), 10,600 (yearend 1994)

Belgium

Published as “Currency”

1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

Belgian francs (BF) per US$1 - 30.036 (January 1996), 29.480 (1995), 33.456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Published as “Currency”

  • 1 dinar = 100 para;
  • Croatian dinar used in Croat-held area, presumably to be replaced by new Croatian kuna;
  • old and new Serbian dinars used in Serb-held area;
  • hard currencies probably supplanting local currencies in areas held by Bosnian Government

Published as “Exchange rates”

NA

Bulgaria

Published as “Currency”

1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki

Published as “Exchange rates”

leva (Lv) per US$1 - 70.5 (December 1995), 54.2 (1994), 27.1 (1993), 23.3 (1992), 18.4 (1991); note - floating exchange rate since February 1991

Croatia

Published as “Currency”

1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras

Published as “Exchange rates”

Croatian kuna per US$1 - 5.405 (January 1996), 5.230 (1995), 5.996 (1994), 3.577 (1993)

Czech Republic now Czechia

Published as “Currency”

1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru

Published as “Exchange rates”

koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 26.967 (January 1996), 26.541 (1995), 28.785 (1994), 29.153 (1993), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990)

note: values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rates

Denmark

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 5.652 (January 1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991)

Estonia

Published as “Currency”

1 Estonian kroon (EEK) = 100 cents (introduced in August 1992)

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • krooni (EEK) per US$1 - 11.523 (December 1995), 11.465 (1995), 12.991 (1994), 13.223 (1993);
  • note - krooni are tied to the German deutsche mark at a fixed rate of 8 to 1

Faroe Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 5.652 (January 1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991)

Finland

Published as “Currency”

1 markka (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia

Published as “Exchange rates”

markkaa (FMk) per US$1 - 4.4425 (January 1996), 4.3667 (1995), 5.2235 (1994), 5.7123 (1993), 4.4794 (1992), 4.0440 (1991)

France

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Germany

Published as “Currency”

1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige

Published as “Exchange rates”

deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.4617 (January 1996), 1.4331 (1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991)

Gibraltar

Published as “Currency”

1 Gibraltar pound (LG) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Gibraltar pounds (LG) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound

Greece

Published as “Currency”

1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta

Published as “Exchange rates”

drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 240.21 (January 1996), 231.60 (1995), 242.60 (1994), 229.26 (1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991)

Guernsey

Published as “Currency”

1 Guernsey (LG) pound = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Guernsey pounds (LG) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound

Holy See (Vatican City)

Published as “Currency”

1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1 - 1,583.8 (January 1996), 1,629.6 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991);
  • note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely

Hungary

Published as “Currency”

1 forint (Ft) = 100 filler

Published as “Exchange rates”

forints per US$1 - 144 (January 1996), 125.681 (1995),105.160 (1994), 91.933 (1993), 78.988 (1992), 74.735 (1991)

Ireland

Published as “Currency”

1 Irish pound (LIr) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

Irish pounds (LIr) per US$1 - 0.6315 (January 1996), 0.6235 (1995), 0.6676 (1994), 0.6816 (1993), 0.5864 (1992), 0.6190 (1991)

Man, Isle of now Isle of Man

Published as “Currency”

1 Manx pound (LM) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Manx pounds (LM) per US$1 - 0.6537 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • the Manx pound is at par with the British pound

Italy

Published as “Currency”

1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,583.8 (January 1996), 1,629.6 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991)

Jersey

Published as “Currency”

1 Jersey pound (LJ) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Jersey pounds (LJ) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound

Latvia

Published as “Currency”

1 lat = 100 cents; introduced NA March 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

lats per US$1 - 0.544 (January 1996), 0.528 (1995), 0.560 (1994), 0.675 (1993), 0.736 (1992)

Liechtenstein

Published as “Currency”

1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.1810 (January 1996), 1.1825 (1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991)

Lithuania

Published as “Currency”

introduced the convertible litas in June 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

litai per US$1 - 4.000 (January 1996), 4.000 (1995), 3.978 (1994), 4.344 (1993), 1.773 (1992); note - fixed rate since 1 May 1994

Luxembourg

Published as “Currency”

1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 30.036 (January 1996), 29.480 (1995), 33.456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991);
  • note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg

Malta

Published as “Currency”

1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Maltese liri (LM) per US$1 - 0.3570 (January 1996), 0.3529 (1995), 0.3776 (1994), 0.3821 (1993), 0.3178 (1992), 0.3226 (1991)

Moldova

Published as “Currency”

the leu (plural lei) was introduced in late 1993

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei per US$1 - 4.5460 (January 1996), 4.4990 (1995), 4.2700 (1994), 3.6400 (1993), 0.4145 (1992), 0.0017 (1991)

Monaco

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Netherlands

Published as “Currency”

1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins (f.) per US$1 - 1.6365 (January 1996), 1.6057 (1995), 1.8200 (1994), 1.8573 (1993), 1.7585 (1992), 1.8697 (1991)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of now North Macedonia

Published as “Currency”

  • the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark;
  • subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • denar per US$1 - 38.8 (December 1995), 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)

Norway

Published as “Currency”

1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.4160 (January 1996), 6.3352 (1995), 7.0576 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991)

Poland

Published as “Currency”

1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • zlotych (Zl) per US$1 - 2.55 (January 1996) 2.4250 (1995);
  • note - a currency reform on 1 January 1995 replaced 10,000 old zlotys with 1 new zloty;
  • 22,723 (1994), 18,115 (1993), 13,626 (1992), 10,576 (1991)

Portugal

Published as “Currency”

1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 151.61 (January 1996), 149.97 (1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991)

Romania

Published as “Currency”

1 leu (L) = 100 bani

Published as “Exchange rates”

lei (L) per US$1 - 2,599.24 (January 1996), 2,033.28 (1995), 1,655.09 (1994), 760.05 (1993), 307.95 (1992), 76.39 (1991)

San Marino

Published as “Currency”

1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins

Published as “Exchange rates”

Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,583.8 (January 1996), 1,629.2 (1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991)

Serbia and Montenegro

Published as “Currency”

1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras

Published as “Exchange rates”

Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - official

rate:
1.5; black market rate: 2 to 3 (early 1995)

Slovakia

Published as “Currency”

1 koruna (Sk) = 100 halierov

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • koruny (Sk) per US$1 - 29.587 (August 1995), 29.447 (November 1994), 32.045 (1994), 30.770 (1993), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991);
  • note - values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rate

Slovenia

Published as “Currency”

1 tolar (SlT) = 100 stotins

Published as “Exchange rates”

tolars (SlT) per US$1 - 121.27 (November 1995), 118.9 (1995), 128.81 (1994), 113.24 (1993), 81.29 (1992), 27.57 (1991)

Spain

Published as “Currency”

1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 123.19 (January 1996), 124.69 (1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991)

Sweden

Published as “Currency”

1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 oere

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1 - 6.7240 (January 1996), 7.1333 (1995), 7.7160 (1994), 7.7834 (1993), 5.8238 (1992), 6.0475 (1991)

Switzerland

Published as “Currency”

1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi

Published as “Exchange rates”

Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.1810 (January 1996), 1.1825 (1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991)

Ukraine

Published as “Currency”

on 2 September 1996, Ukraine introduced the long-awaited hryvnia (plural hryvni) as its national currency, replacing the karbovanets (in circulation since 12 November 1992) at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsi to 1 hryvnia

Published as “Exchange rates”

hryvnia per US$1 - 1.76 (2 September 1996)

United Kingdom

Published as “Currency”

1 British pound (L) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

British pounds (L) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991)

Middle East

17 entries

Bahrain

Published as “Currency”

1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1 - 0.3760 (fixed rate)

Cyprus

Published as “Currency”

1 Cypriot pound (LC) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Cypriot pounds per US1$ - 0.4628 (January 1996), 0.4522 (1995), 0.4915 (1994), 0.4970 (1993), 0.4502 (1992), 0.4633 (1991);
  • Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 60,502.1 (January 1996), 45,845.1 (1995), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991)

Gaza Strip

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.1295 (January 1996), 3.0113 (1995), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991)

Iran

Published as “Currency”

10 Iranian rials (IR) = 1 toman; note - domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 1,750 (January 1996), 1,747.93 (1995), 1,748.75 (1994), 1,267.77 (1993), 65.55 (1992), 67.51 (1991);
  • black market rate: 4,000 rials per US$1 (December 1995);
  • note - as of May 1995, the "official rate" of 1,750 rials per US$1 is used for imports of essential goods and services and for oil exports, wheras the "official export rate" of 3,000 rials per US$1 is used for non-oil exports and imports not covered by the official rate

Iraq

Published as “Currency”

1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2169 (fixed official rate since 1982);
  • black-market rate (December 1995) US$1 = 2,900 Iraqi dinars;
  • semi-official rate US$1 = 1,000 Iraqi dinars

Israel

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot

Published as “Exchange rates”

new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.1295 (January 1996), 3.0113 (1995), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991)

Jordan

Published as “Currency”

1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.7090 (January 1996), 0.7005 (1995), 0.6987 (1994), 0.6928 (1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991)

Kuwait

Published as “Currency”

1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.2993 (January 1996), 0.2984 (1995), 0.2976 (1994), 0.3017 (1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843 (1991)

Lebanon

Published as “Currency”

1 Lebanese pound (LL) = 100 piasters

Published as “Exchange rates”

Lebanese pounds (LL) per US$1 - 1,584.0 (March 1996), 1,621.4 (1995), 1,680.1 (1994), 1,741.4 (1993), 1,712.8 (1992), 928.2 (1991)

Oman

Published as “Currency”

1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza

Published as “Exchange rates”

Omani rials (RO) per US$1 - 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)

Qatar

Published as “Currency”

1 Qatari riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams

Published as “Exchange rates”

Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1 - 3.6400 riyals (fixed rate)

Saudi Arabia

Published as “Currency”

1 Saudi riyal (SR) = 100 halalah

Published as “Exchange rates”

Saudi riyals (SR) per US$1 - 3.7450 (fixed rate since late 1986)

Syria

Published as “Currency”

1 Syrian pound (LS) = 100 piastres

Published as “Exchange rates”

Syrian pounds (LS) per US$1 - 11.225 (official fixed rate), 26.6 ("blended rate" used by the UN and diplomatic missions), 42.0 ("neighboring country rate" - applies to most state enterprise imports), 48.0 - 52.0 (offshore rate) (1994)

Turkey now Turkiye

Published as “Currency”

Turkish lira (TL)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 60,502.1 (January 1996), 45,845.1 (1995), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991)

United Arab Emirates

Published as “Currency”

1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate)

West Bank

Published as “Currency”

1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot; 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.1295 (January 1996), 3.0113 (1995), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991);
  • Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.7090 (January 1996), 0.7005 (1995), 0.6987 (1994), 0.6928 (1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991)

Yemen

Published as “Currency”

Yemeni rial (new currency)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.010 (official fixed rate); 90 (market rate, December 1994)

North America

5 entries

Bermuda

Published as “Currency”

1 Bermudian dollar (Bd$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (fixed rate)

Canada

Published as “Currency”

1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.3666 (January 1996), 1.3724 (1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991)

Mexico

Published as “Currency”

1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1 - 7.6647 (December 1995), 6.4194 (1995), 3.3751 (1994), 3.1156 (1993), 3,094.9 (1992), 3,018.4 (1991)

note: the new peso replaced the old peso on 1 January 1993; 1 new peso = 1,000 old pesos

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

United States

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Oceania

25 entries

American Samoa

Published as “Currency”

1 US dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Australia

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3668 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991)

Cook Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991)

Fiji

Published as “Currency”

1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1 - 1.4347 (January 1996), 1.4063 (1995), 1.4641 (1994), 1.5418 (1993), 1.5030 (1992), 1.4756 (1991)

French Polynesia

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 91.00 (January 1996), 90.75 (1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

Guam

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Kiribati

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991)

Marshall Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Micronesia, Federated States of now Federated States of Micronesia

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Nauru

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2834 (1991)

New Caledonia

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 91.00 (January 1996), 90.75 (1995), 100.93 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

New Zealand

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991)

Niue

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991)

Norfolk Island

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)

Northern Mariana Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Palau

Published as “Currency”

1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

US currency is used

Papua New Guinea

Published as “Currency”

1 kina (K) = 100 toea

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • kina (K) per US$1 - 0.7552 (October 1995), 0.9950 (1994), 1.0221 (1993), 1.0367 (1992), 1.0504 (1991);
  • note - the government floated the kina on 10 October 1994

Pitcairn Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991)

Western Samoa now Samoa

Published as “Currency”

1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene

Published as “Exchange rates”

tala (WS$) per US$1 - 2.5195 (January 1996), 2.4722 (1995), 2.5349 (1994), 2.5681 (1993), 2.4655 (1992), 2.3975 (1991)

Solomon Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 - 3.3713 (2d quarter 1995), 3.2914 (1994), 3.1877 (1993), 2.9281 (1992), 2.7148 (1991)

Tokelau

Published as “Currency”

1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5138 (January 1996), 1.5235 (1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), l.7265 (1991)

Tonga

Published as “Currency”

1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti

Published as “Exchange rates”

pa'anga (T$) per US$1 - 1.2753 (December 1995), 1.2709 (1995), 1.3202 (1994), 1.3841 (1993), 1.3471 (1992), 1.2961 (1991)

Tuvalu

Published as “Currency”

1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991)

Vanuatu

Published as “Currency”

1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

vatu (VT) per US$1 - 114.40 (January 1996), 112.11 (1995), 116.41 (1994), 121.58 (1993), 113.39 (1992), 111.68 (1991)

Wallis and Futuna

Published as “Currency”

1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 91.00 (January 1996), 90.75 (1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991);
  • note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc

South America

14 entries

Argentina

Published as “Currency”

1 nuevo peso argentino = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

pesos per US$1 - 1.00000 (January 1996), 0.99975 (1995), 0.99901 (1994), 0.99895 (1993), 0.99064 (1992), 0.95355 (1991)

Bolivia

Published as “Currency”

1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 4.9137 (December 1995), 4.8003 (1995), 4.6205 (1994), 4.2651 (1993), 3.9005 (1992), 3.5806 (1991)

Brazil

Published as “Currency”

1 real (R$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

R$ per US$1 - 0.975 (January 1996), 0.918 (1995), 0.639 (1994); CR$ per US$1 - 390.845 (January 1994), 88.449 (1993), 4.513 (1992), 0.407 (1991)

note: on 1 August 1993 the cruzeiro real (CR$), equal to 1,000 cruzeiros, was introduced; another new currency, the real (R$) was introduced on 1 July 1994, equal to 2,750 cruzeiro reals

Chile

Published as “Currency”

1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 408.64 (December 1995), 396.78 (1995), 420.08 (1994), 404.35 (1993), 362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991)

Colombia

Published as “Currency”

1 Colombian peso (Col$) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1 - 1,011.11 (January 1996), 912.83 (1995), 844.84 (1994), 863.06 (1993), 759.28 (1992), 633.05 (1991)

Ecuador

Published as “Currency”

1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

sucres (S/) per US$1 - 2914.8 (31 December 1995), 2,564.5 (1995), 2,196.7 (1994), 1,919.1 (1993), 1,534.0 (1992), 1,046.25 (1991)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Published as “Currency”

1 Falkland pound (LF) = 100 pence

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Falkland pound (LF) per US$1 - 0.6535 (January 1996), 0.6335 (1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991);
  • note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound

French Guiana

Published as “Currency”

1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes

Published as “Exchange rates”

French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.0056 (January 1996), 4.9915 (1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991)

Guyana

Published as “Currency”

1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 140.3 (January 1996), 142.0 (1995), 138.3 (1994), 126.7 (1993), 125.0 (1992), 111.8 (1991)

Paraguay

Published as “Currency”

1 guarani (G) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

guaranies (G) per US$ - 2,003.8 (January 1996), 1,970.4 (1995), 1,911.5 (1994), 1,744.3 (1993), 1,500.3 (1992), 1,325.2 (1991)

Peru

Published as “Currency”

1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.350 (January 1996), 2.253 (1995), 2.195 (1994), 1.988 (1993), 1.246 (1992), 0.773 (1991)

Suriname

Published as “Currency”

1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1 - central bank midpoint rate: 402.32 (December 1995), 442.23 (1995), 134.12 (1994);
  • parallel rate: 412 (December 1995), 510 (December 1994), 109 (January 1994)

note: beginning July 1994, the central bank midpoint exchange rate was unified and became market determined

Uruguay

Published as “Currency”

1 Uruguayan peso ($Ur) = 100 centesimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Uruguayan pesos ($Ur) per US$1 - 7.12 (January 1996), 5.6 (January 1995), 5.0529 (1994), 3.9484 (1993), 3.0270 (1992), 2.0188 (1991)

note: on 1 March 1993 the former new peso (N$Ur) was replaced as Uruguay's unit of currency by the peso which is equal to 1,000 of the new pesos

Venezuela

Published as “Currency”

1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos

Published as “Exchange rates”

bolivares (Bs) per US$1 - 288.690 (January 1996), 176.843 (1995), 148.503 (1994), 90.826 (1993), 68.376 (1992), 56.816 (1991)

Southeast Asia

15 entries

Brunei

Published as “Currency”

1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1 - 1.4214 (January 1996), 1.4174 (1995), 1.5274 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991);
  • note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar

Burma now Burma (Myanmar)

Published as “Currency”

1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

Published as “Exchange rates”

kyats (K) per US$1 - 5.8475 (January 1996), 5.9170 (1995), 5.9749 (1994), 6.1570 (1993), 6.1045 (1992), 6.2837 (1991); unofficial - 120

Cambodia

Published as “Currency”

1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,585 (December 1994), 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990)

Christmas Island

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996),1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704, (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Published as “Currency”

1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991)

Hong Kong

Published as “Currency”

1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

  • Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$ - 7.800 (1995), 7.800 (1994), 7.800 (1993), 7.741 (1992), 7.771 (1991);
  • note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985

Indonesia

Published as “Currency”

Indonesian rupiah (Rp)

Published as “Exchange rates”

Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,306.3 (January 1996), 2,248.6 (1995), 2,160.8 (1994), 2,087.1 (1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991)

Laos

Published as “Currency”

1 new kip (NK) = 100 at

Published as “Exchange rates”

new kips (NK) per US$1 - 920 (1995), 717 (1994 est.), 720 (July 1993), 710 (May 1992), 710 (December 1991), 700 (September 1990), 576 (1989)

Macau

Published as “Currency”

1 pataca (P) = 100 avos

Published as “Exchange rates”

patacas (P) per US$1 - 8.034 (1991-95), 8.024 (1990), 8.030 (1989); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar

Malaysia

Published as “Currency”

1 ringgit (M$) = 100 sen

Published as “Exchange rates”

ringgits (M$) per US$1 - 2.5567 (January 1996), 2.5044 (1995), 2.6243 (1994), 2.5741 (1993), 2.5474 (1992), 2.7501 (1991)

Philippines

Published as “Currency”

1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos

Published as “Exchange rates”

Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 26.206 (December 1995), 25.714 (1995), 26.417 (1994), 27.120 (1993), 25.512 (1992), 27.479 (1991)

Singapore

Published as “Currency”

1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.4214 (January 1996), 1.4174 (1995), 1.5274 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991)

Taiwan

Published as “Currency”

1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents

Published as “Exchange rates”

New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 27.4 (1995), 26.2 (1994), 26.6 (1993), 25.4 (1992), 25.748 (1991)

Thailand

Published as “Currency”

1 baht (B) = 100 satang

Published as “Exchange rates”

baht (B) per US$1 - 25.300 (January 1996), 25.000 (1995 est.), 25.150 (1994), 25.319 (1993), 25.400 (1992), 25.517 (1991)

Vietnam

Published as “Currency”

1 new dong (D) = 100 xu

Published as “Exchange rates”

new dong (D) per US$1 - 11,193 (1995 average), 11,000 (October 1994), 10,800 (November 1993), 8,100 (July 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990)

Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 1996, “Exchange rates”, all entries. Archived by The Factbook, thefactbook.org/fields/exchange-rates/1996.

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