Executive branch In 36 editions of 36.

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Mohamed BOUDIAF; assassinated 29 June 1992

Head of Government:

Interim Prime Minister Sid Ahmed GHOZALI (since 6 June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National People's Assembly:

• first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military after President BENJEDID resigned 11 January 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (281 total);
• the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round;
• note - elections (municipal and wilaya) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history;
• results - FIS 55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating

President:

next election to be held December 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• chairman of the Council of Ministers,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Fernando Jose Franca VAN DUNEM (since 21 July 1991)

Published as “Elections”

first nationwide, multiparty elections to be held between September and November 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

president, cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Nicephore SOGLO (since 4 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 10 and 24 March 1991;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (64 total) UDFP-MDPS-ULD 12, PNDD/PRD 9, PSD/UNSP 8, NCC 7, RND 7, MNDD/MSUP/UDRN 6, UDS 5, RDL 4, ASD/BSD 3, ADP/UDRS 2, UNDP 1

President:

last held 10 and 24 March 1991; results - Nicephore SOGLO 68%, Mathieu KEREKOU 32%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Quett K. J. MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Peter S. MMUSI (since 3 January 1983)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (38 total, 34 elected) BDP 35, BNF 3

President:

last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - President Quett K. J. MASIRE was reelected by the National Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

President, Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Captain Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)

Published as “Elections”

the National Assembly was dissolved 25 November 1980; presidential election held December 1991 and legislative election scheduled for 24 May 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Major Pierre BUYOYA, President (since 9 September 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• dissolved after the coup of 3 September 1987;
• note - The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• deputy minister,
• secretaries of state,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (since 22 March 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA (since 13 January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

People's National Assembly:

• last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23;
• note - this multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule

President:

last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (MPD) received 72.6% of vote

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)

Head of Government:

interim Prime Minister Sadou HAYATOU (since 25 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

next to be held 1 March 1992

President:

last held 24 April 1988 (next to be held April 1993); results - President Paul BIYA reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:: President Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA (since 1 September 1981) Head of Government:: Prime Minister Edouard FRANCK (since 15 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 31 July 1987 (next to be held by end of 1992);
• results - RDC is the only party;
• seats - (52 total) RDC 52

President:

last held 21 November 1986 (next to be held by end of 1992); results - President KOLINGBA was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of State (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Col. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Jean ALINGUE Bawoyeu (since 8 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Consultative Council:

last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990

President:

• last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA);
• results - President Hissein HABRE was elected without opposition;
• note - the government of then President HABRE fell on 1 December 1990, and Idriss DEBY seized power on 3 December 1990;
• national conference scheduled for mid-1992 and election to follow in 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990);
• coordinator of National Unity Government (de facto prime minister) - Mohamed Taki ABDULKARIM (1 January 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Federal Assembly:

• last held 22 March 1987 (next to be held March 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (42 total) Udzima 42

President:

last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results - Said Mohamed DJOHAR (Udzima) 55%, Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (UNDC) 45%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (since 24 November 1965)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Jean NGUZ a Karl-i-Bond (since 26 November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 29 July 1984 (next to be scheduled by ongoing National Conference); results - President MOBUTU was reelected without opposition

Legislative Council:

• last held 6 September 1987 (next to be scheduled by ongoing National Conference);
• results - MPR was the only party;
• seats - (210 total) MPR 210;
• note - MPR still holds majority of seats but some deputies have joined other parties

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO (since 8 February 1979); stripped of most powers by National Conference in May 1991

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Andre MILONGO (since May 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

transitional body selected by National Conference in May 1991; election for new legislative body to be held spring 1992

President:

• last held 26-31 July 1989 (next to be held June 1992);
• results - President SASSOU-NGUESSO unanimously reelected leader of the PCT by the Party Congress, which automatically made him president

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Dr. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY (since 27 November 1960); Prime Minister Alassane OUATTARA (since 7 November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held October 1995);
• results - President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY received 81% of the vote in his first contested election;
• he is currently serving his seventh consecutive five-year term

National Assembly:

• last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1, independents 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Hassan GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June 1977)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou (since 30 September 1978)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 24 April 1987 (next scheduled for May 1992 but post- poned);
• results - RPP is the only party;
• seats - (65 total) RPP 65

President:

last held 24 April 1987 (next to be held April 1993); results - President Hassan GOULED Aptidon was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October 1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as President on 14 October 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Advisory Council:

• last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995);
• results - NDP 100%;
• seats - (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172

People's Assembly:

• last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
• results - NDP 78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%;
• seats - (437 total, 444 elected) - including NDP 348, NPUG 6, independents 83;
• note - most opposition parties boycotted

President:

last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President Hosni MUBARAK was reelected

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Cristino SERICHE BIOKO MALABO (since 15 August 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Isidoro Eyi MONSUY ANDEME (since 15 August 1989)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of People's Representatives:

• last held 10 July 1988 (next to be held 10 July 1993);
• results - PDGE is the only party;
• seats - (41 total) PDGE 41

President:

last held 25 June 1989 (next to be held 25 June 1996); results - President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Obed DLAMINI (since 12 July 1989)

Published as “Elections”

indirect parliamentary election through Swaziland's Tinkhundala System scheduled for November 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Interim President Meles ZENAWI (since 1 June 1991); transitional government

Head of Government:

Acting Prime Minister Tamirat LAYNE (since 6 June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

Council of Representatives:

last held 14 June 1987 (next to be held after new constitution drafted)

President:

• last held 10 September 1987;
• next election planned after new constitution drafted;
• results - MENGISTU Haile-Mariam elected by the now defunct National Assembly, but resigned and left Ethiopia on 21 May 1991

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Casimir OYE-MBA (since 3 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held on 28 October 1990 (next to be held by NA);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (120 total, 111 elected) PDG 62, National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks (Morena-Bucherons) 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3

President:

last held on 9 November 1986 (next to be held December 1993); results - President Omar BONGO was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA (since 24 April 1970); Vice President Bakary Bunja DARBO (since 12 May 1982)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 11 March 1987 (next to be held by March 1992);
• results - PPP 56.6%, NCP 27.6%, GPP 14.7%, PDOIS 1%;
• seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 31, NCP 5

President:

• last held on 11 March 1987 (next to be held March 1992);
• results - Sir Dawda JAWARA (PPP) 61.1%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA (NCP) 25.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA (GPP) 13.7%

Published as “Executive branch”

• chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council (PNDC),
• PNDC,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Chairman of the Provisional National Defense Council Flt. Lt. (Ret.) Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 31 December 1981)

Published as “Elections”

no national elections; district assembly elections held in 1988-89

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Transitional Committee for National Recovery (Comite Transitionale de Redressement National or CTRN) replaced the Military Committee for National Recovery (Comite Militaire de Redressement National or CMRN); Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Gen. Lansana CONTE (since 5 April 1984)

Published as “Elections”

none

Published as “Executive branch”

• president of the Council of State,
• vice presidents of the Council of State,
• Council of State,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President of the Council of State Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980 and elected President of Council of State on 16 May 1984)

Published as “Elections”

National People's Assembly:

• last held 15 June 1989 (next to be held 15 June 1994);
• results - PAIGC is the only party;
• seats - (150 total) PAIGC 150, appointed by Regional Councils

President of Council of State:

last held 19 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results - Brig. Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA was reelected without opposition by the National People's Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 21 March 1988 (next to be held before March 1993); results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected

National Assembly:

last held on 21 March 1988 (next to be held before March 1993); will be first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• chairman of the Military Council,
• Military Council,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King LETSIE III (since 12 November 1990 following dismissal of his father, exiled King MOSHOESHOE II, by Maj. Gen. LEKHANYA)

Head of Government:

Chairman of the Military Council Col. Elias Phisoana RAMAEMA (since 30 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

dissolved following the military coup in January 1986; military has pledged elections will take place in June 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

interim President Dr. Amos SAWYER (since 15 November 1990); Vice President, vacant (since August 1991); note - this is an interim government appointed by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) that will be replaced after elections are held under a West African - brokered peace plan; rival rebel factions led by Prince Y. JOHNSON and Charles TAYLOR are challenging the SAWYER government's legitimacy while observing a tenuous cease-fire; the former president, Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE, was killed on 9 September 1990 by Prince Y. JOHNSON

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA); results - Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE (NDPL) 50.9%, Jackson DOE (LAP) 26.4%, other 22.7%; note - President Doe was killed by rebel forces on 9 September 1990

Senate:

• last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (26 total) NDPL 21, LAP 3, UP 1, UPP 1

House of Representatives:

• last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (64 total) NDPL 51, LAP 8, UP 3, UPP 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• revolutionary leader,
• chairman of the General People's Committee (premier),
• General People's Committee (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Revolutionary Leader Col. Mu`ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969)

Head of Government:

Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abu Zayd `umar DURDA (since 7 October 1990)

Published as “Elections”

national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Guy RASANAMAZY (since 8 August 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held on 12 March 1989 (next to be held NA 1992);
• results - Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA) 62%, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA (MFM/MFT) 20%, Dr. Jerome Marojama RAZANABAHINY (VONJY) 15%, Monja JAONA (MONIMA) 3%

Popular National Assembly:

• last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held 1992);
• results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM 5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%;
• seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM 7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Dr. Hastings Kamuzu BANDA (since 6 July 1966; sworn in as President for Life 6 July 1971)

Published as “Elections”

President:

President BANDA sworn in as President for Life on 6 July 1971

National Assembly:

• last held 27-28 May 1987 (next to be held by May 1992);
• results - MCP is the only party;
• seats - (133 total, 112 elected) MCP 133

Published as “Executive branch”

Transition Committee for the Salvation of the People (CTSP) composed of 25 members, predominantly civilian

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Lt. Col. Amadou Toumani TOURE

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Soumana SAKO (since 2 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 9 June 1985 (next to be held March 1992); results - Gen. Moussa TRAORE was reelected without opposition

National Assembly:

• last held on 26 June 1988 (next to be held NA 1992);
• results - UDPM was the only party;
• seats - (82 total) UDPM 82;
• note - following the military coup of 26 March 1991, President TRAORE was deposed and the UDPM was disbanded;
• the 25-member CTSP has instituted a multiparty system, and presidential elections are to be held on 26 March 1992 and legislative elections on 9 February 1992 (new National Assembly to have 116 seats)

Published as “Executive branch”

president

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid`Ahmed TAYA (since 12 December 1984)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held January 1992 (next to be held NA)

results:

President Col. Maabuya Ould Sid`Ahmed TAYA elected

Senate:

last held 3 and 10 April 1992 (next to be held April 1998)

National Assembly:

last held 6 and 13 March 1992 (next to be held NA 1997)

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Veerasamy RINGADOO (since 17 January 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 12 June 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Prem NABABSING (since 26 September 1990)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held on 15 September 1991 (next to be held by 15 September 1996);
• results - MSM/MMM 53%, MLP/PMSD 38%;
• seats - (70 total, 62 elected) MSM/MMM alliance 59 (MSM 29, MMM 26, OPR 2, MTD 2);
• MLP/PMSD 3

Published as “Executive branch”

government commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Commissioner, Representative of the French Government Jean-Paul COSTE (since NA 1991); President of the General Council Youssouf BAMANA (since NA 1976)

Published as “Elections”

General Council:

• last held June 1988 (next to be held June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (17 total) MPM 9, RPR 6, other 2

French Senate:

• last held on 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (1 total) MPM 1

French National Assembly:

• last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (1 total) UDC 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Dr. Azzedine LARAKI (since 30 September 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Representatives:

• last held on 14 September 1984 (were scheduled for September 1990, but postponed until NA 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (306 total, 206 elected) CU 83, RNI 61, MP 47, Istiqlal 41, USFP 36, PND 24, other 14

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Mario da Graca MACHUNGO (since 17 July 1986)

Published as “Elections”

draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 16 February 1990 (next to be held March 1995); results - Sam NUJOMA was elected president by the Constituent Assembly (now the National Assembly)

National Assembly:

• last held on 7-11 November 1989 (next to be held by November 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (72 total) SWAPO 41, DTA 21, UDF 4, ACN 3, NNF 1, FCN 1, NPF 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• president (ceremonial),
• prime minister (interim),
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Brig. Gen. Ali SAIBOU (since 14 November 1987); ceremonial post since national conference (1991)

Head of Government:

Interim Prime Minister Amadou CHEIFFOU (since November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

President Ali SAIBOU has been in office since December 1989, but the presidency is now a largely ceremonial position

National Assembly:

• last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA);
• results - MNSD was the only party;
• seats - (150 total) MNSD 150 (indirectly elected);
• note - Niger held a national conference from July to November 1991 to decide upon a transitional government and an agenda for multiparty elections

Published as “Executive branch”

• president of the Armed Forces Ruling Council,
• Armed Forces Ruling Council,
• National Council of State,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces Gen. Ibrahim BABANGIDA (since 27 August 1985)

Published as “Elections”

President:

first presidential elections since the 31 December 1983 coup scheduled for late 1992

National Assembly:

first elections since it was dissolved after the 31 December 1983 coup scheduled for 4 July 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

French president, commissioner of the Republic

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Commissioner of the Republic Jacques DEWATRE (since July 1991)

Published as “Elections”

General Council:

• last held September/October 1988 (next to be held NA 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (44 total) PCR 9, PS 4, UDF 6, other left-wing 2, RPR 4, right-wing 19

Regional Council:

• last held 16 March 1986 (next to be held NA March 1992);
• results - RPR/UDF 36.8%, PCR 28.2%, FRA and other right wing 17.3%, PS 14.1%, other 3.6%;
• seats - (45 total) RPR/UDF 18, PCR 13, FRA and other right wing 8, PS 6

French Senate:

• last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (3 total) RPR-UDF 1, PS 1, independent 1

French National Assembly:

• last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held NA June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (5 total) PCR 2, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1, FRA 1;
• note - Reunion elects 3 members to the French Senate and 5 members to the French National Assembly who are voting members

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Sylvestre NSANZIMANA (since NA October 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - President Maj. Gen. Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected

National Development Council:

• last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993);
• results - MRND is the only party;
• seats - (70 total) MRND 70

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

Head of Government:

Governor A. N. HOOLE

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Council:

• last held October 1984 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total, 12 elected) number of seats by party NA

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Noberto COSTA ALEGRE (since 16 May 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 3 March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1996);
• results - Miguel TROVOADA was elected without opposition in Sao Tome's first multiparty presidential election

National People's Assembly:

• last held 20 January 1991 (next to be held NA January 1996);
• results - PCD-GR 54.4%, MLSTP 30.5%, CODO 5.2%, FDC 1.5%, other 8.3%;
• seats - (55 total) PCD-GR 33, MLSTP 21, CODO 1;
• note - this was the first multiparty election in Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held NA February 1993); results - Abdou DIOUF (PS) 73%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 26%, other 1%

National Assembly:

• last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held NA February 1993);
• results - PS 71%, PDS 25%, other 4%;
• seats - (120 total) PS 103, PDS 17

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977)

Published as “Elections”

election of delegates to a multiparty constitutional conference is scheduled for June 1992

President:

last held 9-11 June 1989 (next to be held NA June 1994); results - President France Albert RENE reelected without opposition

People's Assembly:

• last held 5 December 1987 (next to be held NA December 1992);
• results - SPPF was the only legal party;
• seats - (25 total, 23 elected) SPPF 23

Published as “Executive branch”

National Provisional Ruling Council

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Gen. Joseph Saidu MOMOH was ousted in coup of 29 April 1992; succeeded by Chairman of the National Provisional Ruling Council Valentine STRASSER (since 29 April 1992)

Published as “Elections”

suspended after 29 April 1992 coup; Chairman STRASSER promises multi-party elections sometime in the future

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Interim President ALI Mahdi Mohamed (since 27 January 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister OMAR Arteh Ghalib (since 27 January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 23 December 1986 (next to be held NA); results - President SIAD was reelected without opposition

People's Assembly:

last held 31 December 1984 (next to be held NA); results - SRSP was the only party; seats - (177 total, 171 elected) SRSP 171; note - the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the regime of Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the provisional government has promised that a democratically elected government will be established

Published as “Executive branch”

• state president,
• Executive Council (cabinet),
• Ministers' Councils (from the three houses of Parliament)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

State President Frederik W. DE KLERK (since 13 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly (whites):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held by NA March 1995);
• results - NP 58%, CP 23%, DP 19%;
• seats - (178 total, 166 elected) NP 103, CP 41, DP 34;
• note - by February 1992 because of byelections, changes in number of seats

held by parties were as follows:

NP 102, CP 42, DP 33, vacant 1

House of Representatives (Coloreds):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held no later than March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (85 total, 80 elected) LP 69, DRP 5, UDP 3, Freedom Party 1, independents 2;
• note - since the National Party became multiracial, by February 1992 many representatives from other parties have changed their allegiance causing the following changes in

seating:

LP 39, NP 38, Freedom Party 1, independents 7

House of Delegates (Indians):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held no later than March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (45 total, 40 elected) Solidarity 16, NPP 9, Merit People's Party 3, independents 6, other 6;
• note - due to delegates changing party affiliation, seating as of February 1992

is as follows:

Solidarity 25, NPP 7, Merit People's Party 2, other 5, independents 5, vacancy 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• executive and legislative authority vested in a 12-member Revolutionary Command Council (RCC);
• chairman of the RCC acts as prime minister;
• in July 1989, RCC appointed a predominately civilian 22-member cabinet to function as advisers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Revolutionary Command Council Chairman and Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 30 June 1989); Deputy Chairman of the Command Council and Deputy Prime Minister Maj. Gen. al-Zubayr Muhammad SALIH Ahmed (since 9 July 1989)

Published as “Elections”

none

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• first vice president and prime minister of the union,
• second vice president and president of Zanzibar,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985);
• First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990);
• Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition

National Assembly:

• last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995);
• results - CCM is the only party;
• seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

Head of Government:

interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held NA 1992); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition

National Assembly:

• last held 4 March 1990;
• dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held April/May 1992);
• results - RPT was the only party;
• seats - (77 total) RPT 77

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Gen. Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI (since 26 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 2 April 1989 (next to be held NA April 1994); results - Gen. Zine el Abidine BEN ALI was reelected without opposition

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 2 April 1989 (next to be held NA April 1994);
• results - RCD 80.7%, independents/Islamists 13.7%, MDS 3.2%, other 2.4%;
• seats - (141 total) RCD 141

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• three deputy prime ministers,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Resistance Council:

• last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January 1995);
• results - NRM was the only party;
• seats - (278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation

none

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Frederick CHILUBA (since 31 October 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held mid-1995); results - Frederick CHILUBA 84%, Kenneth KAUNDA 16%

National Assembly:

• last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held mid-1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (150 total) MMD 125, UNIP 25

Published as “Executive branch”

executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
• Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
• Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)

Published as “Elections”

Executive President:

last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%

Parliament:

• last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1

Published as “Executive branch”

British monarch, commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Commissioner William Hugh FULLERTON (since 1988; resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands)

Published as “Executive branch”

• Danish monarch,
• high commissioner,
• home rule chairman,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet (Landsstyre)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Bent KLINTE (since NA)

Head of Government:

Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

Danish Folketing:

• last held on 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994);
• Greenland elects two representatives to the Folketing;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (2 total) Siumut 1, Atassut 1

Landsting:

• last held on 5 March 1991 (next to be held 5 March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (27 total) Siumut 11, Atassut Party 8, Inuit Ataqatigiit 5, Center Party 2, Polar Party 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR (since 1 August 1980)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 29 June 1980 (next scheduled for June 1992); results - there were no elections in 1984 and 1988 as President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR was unopposed

Althing:

• last held on 20 April 1991 (next to be held by April 1995);
• results - Independence Party 38.6%, Progressive Party 18.9%, Social Democratic Party 15.5%, People's Alliance 14.4%, Womens List 8.13%, Liberals 1.2%, other 3.27% seats - (63 total) Independence 26, Progressive 13, Social Democratic 10, People's Alliance 9, Womens List 5

Chief of State:

King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)

Head of Government:

Governor Leif ELDRING (since NA)

Published as “Executive branch”

• a 51-member transitional council headed by Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI rules Kabul;
• this body is to turn over power to a leadership council, which will function as the government and organize elections;
• Burhanuddin RABBANI will serve as interim President

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• Interim President Burhanuddin RABBANI;
• First Vice President Abdul Wahed SORABI (since 7 January 1991);
• Prime Minister Fazil Haq KHALIQYAR (since 21 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

the transition government has promised elections in October 1992

Published as “Executive branch”

• President,
• Council of Ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN (since 16 October 1991), Vice President Gagik ARUTYUNYAN (since 16 October 1991)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Gagik ARUTYUNYAN (since November 1991), First Deputy Prime Minister Grant BAGRATYAN (since NA September 1990);
• Supreme Soviet Chairman - Babken ARARKTSYAN

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 16 October 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - elected by the Supreme Soviet, Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN 86%;
• radical nationalists about 7%

Supreme Soviet:

• last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (259 total);
• number of seats by party NA

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President-elect Ebulfez ELCIBEY (since 7 June 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Rahim GUSEYNOV (since 14 May 1992)

Published as “Elections”

National Parliament:

• last held NA September 1990 (next expected to be held late 1992);
• results - seats - (360 total) Communists 280, Democratic Bloc 45 (grouping of opposition parties), other 15, vacant 20;
• note - these figures are approximate

President:

held 8 September 1991 (next to be held 7 June 1992); results - Ebulfez ELCIBEY (6,390 unofficial)

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Abdur Rahman BISWAS (since 8 October 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Khaleda ZIAUR Rahman (since 20 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Parliament:

• last held 27 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women) BNP 168, AL 93, JP 35, JI 20, CBP 5, National Awami Party (Muzaffar) 1, Workers Party 1, SIRAJ 1, Ganotantri Party 1, Islami Oikya Jote 1, NDP 1, independents 3

President:

last held 8 October 1991 (next to be held by NA October 1996); results - Abdur Rahman BISWAS received 52.1% of parliamentary vote

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• chairman of the Royal Advisory Council,
• Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde),
• chairman of the Council of Ministers,
• Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)

Published as “Elections”

no national elections

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

Head of Government:

• Commissioner Mr. T. G. HARRIS;
• Administrator Mr. R. G. WELLS (since NA 1991);
• note - both reside in the UK

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• premier,
• five vice premiers,
• State Council

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President YANG Shangkun (since 8 April 1988); Vice President WANG Zhen (since 8 April 1988)

Chief of State and Head of Government (de facto):

DENG Xiaoping (since mid-1977)

Head of Government:

• Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988);
• Vice Premier YAO Yilin (since 2 July 1979);
• Vice Premier TIAN Jiyun (since 20 June 1983);
• Vice Premier WU Xueqian (since 12 April 1988);
• Vice Premier ZOU Jiahua (since 8 April 1991);
• Vice Premier ZHU Rongji (since 8 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National People's Congress:

• last held March 1988 (next to be held March 1993);
• results - CCP is the only party but there are also independents;
• seats - (2,976 total) CCP and independents 2,976 (indirectly elected at county or xian level)

President:

last held 8 April 1988 (next to be held March 1993); results - YANG Shangkun was nominally elected by the Seventh National People's Congress

Published as “Executive branch”

• State Council,
• chairman of State Council,
• Council of Ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Chairman of State Council Eduard SHEVARDNADZE (since March 1992)

Head of Government:

• Acting Prime Minister Tengiz SIGUA (since January 1992);
• First Deputy Prime Minister Otar KVILITAYA (since January 1992);
• First Deputy Prime Minister Tengiz KITOVANI (since March 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Georgian Parliament:

• last held November 1990;
• results - 7-party coalition Round Table - Free Georgia 62%, other 38%;
• seats - (250) Round Table - Free Georgia 155, other 95

President:

Zviad GAMSAKHURDIYA, 87% of vote

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Ramaswamy Iyer VENKATARAMAN (since 25 July 1987); Vice President Dr. Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 3 September 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

People's Assembly:

• last held 21 May, 12 and 15 June 1991 (next to be held by November 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (545 total), 520 elected - Congress (I) Party 231, Bharatiya Janata Party 119, Janata Dal Party 59, CPI/M 35, CPI 14, Telugu Desam 13, AIADMK 11, Samajwadi Janata Party 5, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, BSP 1, Congress (S) Party 1, other 23;
• note - second and third rounds of voting were delayed because of the assassination of Congress President Rajiv GANDHI on 21 May 1991

Published as “Executive branch”

• Emperor,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Kiichi MIYAZAWA (since 5 November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

House of Councillors:

• last held on 23 July 1989 (next to be held 26 July 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (263 total) LDP 114, SDPJ 71, CGP 20, JCP 14, other 33

House of Representatives:

• last held on 18 February 1990 (next to be held by February 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (512 total) LDP 278, SDPJ 137, CGP 46, JCP 16, DSP 13, others 5, independents 6, vacant 11

Published as “Executive branch”

president with presidential appointed cabinet of ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (since April 1990), Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Sergey TERESHCHENKO (since 14 October 1991), Deputy Prime Minister Davlat SEMBAYEV (since November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA);
• percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (NA total) percent of seats by party NA

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• premier,
• eleven vice premiers,
• State Administration Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President KIM Il-song (national leader since 1945, formally President since 28 December 1972);
• designated Successor KIM Chong-il (son of President, born 16 February 1942)

Head of Government:

Premier YON Hyong-muk (since December 1988)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 24 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1994); results - President KIM Il-song was reelected without opposition

Supreme People's Assembly:

• last held on 24 May 1990 (next to be held NA 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (687 total) the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition;
• minor parties hold a few seats

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• two deputy prime ministers,
• State Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President ROH Tae Woo (since 25 February 1988)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister CHUNG Won Shik (since 24 May 1991); Deputy Prime Minister CHOI Gak Kyu (since 19 February 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held on 16 December 1987 (next to be held December 1992);
• results - ROH Tae Woo (DJP) 35.9%, KIM Young Sam (RDP) 27.5%, KIM Dae Jung (PPD) 26.5%, other 10.1%

National Assembly:

last held on 26 April 1988 (next to be held around March 1992); results - DJP 34%, RDP 24%, PPD 19%, NDRP 15%, other 8%; seats - (296 total) DJP 125, PPD 70, RDP 59, NDRP 35, other 10; note - on 9 February 1990 the DJP, RDP, and NDRP merged to form the DLP; also the PPD, later renamed the NDP, merged with another party to form the DP in September 1991. The distribution of seats as of December 1991 was DLP 214, DP 72, independent 9, vacant 1

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

• President Askar AKAYEV;
• Vice President Felix KULOV;
• Chairman, Supreme Soviet, Medetkav SHERIMKULOV;
• Spiritual leader of Kyrgyz Muslims, Sadykzhav KAMALOV

Chief of State:

President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990), Vice President Felix KULOV (since 2 March 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996);
• results - AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting;
• note - Republic Supreme Soviet elections held 25 February 1990;
• presidential elections held first by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991

Supreme Soviet:

note - last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held no later than November 1994); results - Commnunists (310) 90%, seats - (350 total)

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 23 September 1988 (next to be held September 1994); results - President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected

Citizens' Council:

• last held on 7 December 1989 (next to be held 7 December 1994);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (48 total, 40 elected)

Published as “Executive branch”

• premier,
• deputy premiers,
• Cabinet,
• president,
• vice president

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (since 3 September 1990); Vice President Radnaasumbereliyn GONCHIGDORJ (since 7 September 1990)

Head of Government:

Premier Dashiyn BYAMBASUREN (since 11 September 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 3 September 1990 (next to be held NA July 1994); results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT elected by the People's Great Hural

State Great Hural:

• first time held June 1992;
• note - according to the new present Constitution, the two parliamentary bodies are to be combined into a single popularly elected house consisting of 76 members;
• results - NA

People's Small Hural:

• last held on 29 July 1990 (next to be held June 1992);
• results - MPRP 62.3%, MDP 24.5%, SDP 7. 5%, PNP 5.7%;
• seats - (50 total) MPRP 33, other 17;
• note - People's Small Hural will not exist after State Great Hural is assembled

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972, crowned King 24 February 1985);
• Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son of the King (born 21 June 1971)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 29 May 1991)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 12 May 1991 (next to be held May 1996);
• results - NCP 38%, CPN/UML 28%, NDP/Chand 6%, UPF 5%, NDP/Thapa 5%, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 4%, Rohit 2%, CPN (Democratic) 1%, independents 4%, other 7%;
• seats - (205 total) NCP 110, CPN/UML 69, UPF 9, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 6, NDP/Chand 3, Rohit 2, CPN (Democratic) 2, NDP/Thapa 1, independents 3;
• note - the new Constitution of 9 November 1990 gives Nepal a multiparty democracy system for the first time in 32 years

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan (since 13 December 1988)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Mian Nawaz SHARIF (since 6 November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 12 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - Ghulam Ishaq KHAN was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies

Senate:

• last held March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1994);
• seats - (87 total) IJI 57, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, PPP 5, ANP 5, JWP 4, MQM 3, PNP 2, PKMP 1, JUI 1, independent 1

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held on 24 October 1990 (next to be held by NA October 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (217 total) IJI 107, PDA 45, MQM 15, ANP 6, JUI 2, JWP 2, PNP 2, PKMP 1, independents 14, religious minorities 10, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, vacant 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Security Council,
• President's Administration,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• *** No entry for this item *** President Boris YEL'TSIN (since 12 June 1991), Vice President Aleksandr RUTSKOY (since 12 June 1991), State Secretary Gennadiy BURBULIS (since July 1991);
• 1st Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Yegor GAYDAR (since March 1992), 2nd Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers Aleksandr SHOKHIN (since 7 November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 12 June 1991 (next to be held 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA%

Congress of People's Deputies:

• last held March 1990 (next to be held 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA%;
• seats - (1,063 total) number of seats by party NA

Supreme Soviet:

• last held May 1990 (next to be held 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA%;
• seats - (252 total) number of seats by party NA

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Ranasinghe PREMADASA (since 2 January 1989)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Dingiri Banda WIJETUNGE (since 6 March 1989)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1994); results - Ranasinghe PREMADASA (UNP) 50%, Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE (SLFP) 45%, other 5%

Parliament:

• last held 15 February 1989 (next to be held by NA February 1995);
• results - UNP 51%, SLFP 32%, SLMC 4%, TULF 3%, USA 3%, EROS 3%, MEP 1%, other 3%;
• seats - (225 total) UNP 125, SLFP 67, other 33

Published as “Executive branch”

president, prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Rakhman NABIYEV (since NA September 1991);
• note - a government of National Reconciliation was formed in May 1992;
• NABIYEV is titular head

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Akbar MIRZOYEV (since 10 January 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlat USMON

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA);
• results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%;
• Daolat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30%

Supreme Soviet:

• last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%;
• seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• two deputy prime ministers,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since 21 June 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister (vacant), Deputy Prime Ministers V. G. OCHERTSOV and Atta CHARYYEV (since NA 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA June 1997); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed)

Majlis:

• last held 7 January 1990 (next to be held NA 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (175 total) elections not officially by party, but Communist Party members won nearly 90% of seats

Published as “Executive branch”

president

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Islam KARIMOV (since 29 December 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Abdulhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%

Supreme Soviet:

• last held NA March 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (500 total) Communist 450, ERK 10, other 40

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• chief minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Brian G. J. CANTY (since NA 1989)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister Emile GUMBS (since March 1984, served previously from February 1977 to May 1980)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 27 February 1989 (next to be held February 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (11 total, 7 elected) ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS (since 1 November 1981, previously Governor since 1976)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr. (since NA 1976); Deputy Prime Minister (vacant)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held 9 March 1989 (next to be held NA 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (17 total) ALP 15, UPP 1, independent 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• Dutch monarch,
• governor,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Felipe B. TROMP (since 1 January 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nelson ODUBER (since NA February 1989)

Published as “Elections”

Legislature:

• last held 6 January 1989 (next to be held by NA January 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (21 total) MEP 10, AVP 8, ADN 1, PPN 1, PPA 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Acting Governor General Sir Clifford DARLING (since 2 January 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Sir Lynden Oscar PINDLING (since 16 January 1967)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 19 June 1987 (next to be held by NA June 1992);
• results--percent of vote by party NA;
• seats--(49 total) PLP 32, FNM 17 *** No entry for this item ***

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Nita BARROW (since 6 June 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine SANDIFORD (since 2 June 1987)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 22 January 1991 (next to be held by January 1996);
• results - DLP 49.8%;
• seats - (28 total) DLP 18, BLP 10

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Elmira Minita GORDON (since 21 September 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister George Cadle PRICE (since 4 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 4 September 1989 (next to be held September 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (28 total) PUP 15, UDP 13;
• note - in January 1990 one member expelled from UDP joined PUP, making the seat count PUP 16, UDP 12

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• chief minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor P. A. PENFOLD (since NA 1991)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT (since NA 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Council:

• last held 12 November 1990 (next to be held by November 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (9 total) VIP 6, IPM 1, independents 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Michael GORE (since May 1992)

Head of Government:

Governor and President of the Executive Council Alan James SCOTT (since NA 1987)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held November 1988 (next to be held November 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total, 12 elected)

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• President Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier (since 8 May 1990);
• First Vice President German SERRANO Pinto (since 8 May 1990);
• Second Vice President Arnoldo LOPEZ Echandi (since 8 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (57 total) PUSC 29, PLN 25, PVP/PPC 1, regional parties 2

President:

last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results - Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier 51%, Carlos Manuel CASTILLO 47%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president of the Council of State,
• first vice president of the Council of State,
• Council of State,
• president of the Council of Ministers,
• first vice president of the Council of Ministers,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (became Prime Minister in February 1959 and President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly of the People's Power:

• last held December 1986 (next to be held before December 1992);
• results - PCC is the only party;
• seats - (510 total) indirectly elected

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET (since 19 December 1983)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980, elected for a third term 28 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 28 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives) DFP 11, UWP 6, DLP 4

President:

last held 20 December 1988 (next to be held December 1993); results - President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET was reelected by the House of Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• President Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo (since 16 August 1986, fifth elected term began 16 August 1990);
• Vice President Carlos A. MORALES Troncoso (since 16 August 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (120 total) PLD 44, PRSC 41, PRD 33, PRI 2

President:

last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994); results - Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 35.7%, Juan BOSCH Gavino (PLD) 34.4%

Senate:

• last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (30 total) PRSC 16, PLD 12, PRD 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Alfredo CRISTIANI Buchard (since 1 June 1989); Vice President Jose Francisco MERINO (since 1 June 1989)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held 10 March 1991 (next to be held March 1994);
• results - ARENA 44.3%, PDC 27.96%, CD 12.16%, PCN 8.99%, MAC 3.23%, UDN 2.68%;
• seats - (84 total) ARENA 39, PDC 26, PCN 9, CD 8, UDN 1, MAC 1

President:

last held 19 March 1989 (next to be held March 1994); results - Alfredo CRISTIANI (ARENA) 53.8%, Fidel CHAVEZ Mena (PDC) 36.6%, other 9.6%

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• Ministers of Government (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Paul SCOON (since 30 September 1978)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nicholas BRATHWAITE (since 13 March 1990)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA March 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total) NDC 8, GULP 3, TNP 2, NNP 2

Published as “Executive branch”

government commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Commissioner of the Republic Jean-Paul PROUST (since November 1989)

Published as “Elections”

French National Assembly:

• last held on 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held June 1994);
• Guadeloupe elects four representatives;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (4 total) PS 2 seats, RPR 1 seat, PCG 1 seat

French Senate:

• last held on 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held June 1994);
• Guadeloupe elects two representatives;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (2 total) PCG 1, PS 1

General Council:

• last held NA 1986 (next to be held by NA 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (42 total) number of seats by party NA

Regional Council:

• last held on 16 March 1992 (next to be held by 16 March 1998);
• results - RPR 33.1%, PSG 28.7%, PCG 23.8%, UDF 10.7%, other 3.7%;
• seats - (41 total) RPR 15, PSG 12, PCG 10, UDF 4

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Jorge SERRANO Elias (since 14 January 1991); Vice President Gustavo ESPINA Salguero (since 14 January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

Congress:

• last held on 11 November 1990 (next to be held 11 November 1995);
• results - UCN 25.6%, MAS 24.3%, DCG 17. 5%, PAN 17.3%, MLN 4.8%, PSD/AP-5 3.6%, PR 2.1%;
• seats - (116 total) UCN 38, DCG 27, MAS 18, PAN 12, Pro - Rios Montt 10, MLN 4, PR 1, PSD/AP-5 1, independent 5

President:

runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results - Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9%

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991), ousted in a coup in September 1991, but still recognized by international community as Chief of State;
• President Joseph NERETTE installed by military on 7 October 1991

Head of Government:

de facto Prime Minister Marc BAZIN (since June 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held by December 1994);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (83 total) FNCD 27, ANDP 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN 1, independents 5, other 2

President:

last held 16 December 1990 (next election to be held by December 1995); results - Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE 4.9%

Published as “Elections”

Senate:

• last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held December 1992);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (27 total) FNCD 13, ANDP 6, PAIN 2, MRN 2, PDCH 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 1

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Rafael Leonardo CALLEJAS Romero (since 26 January 1990)

Published as “Elections”

National Congress:

• last held on 26 November 1989 (next to be held November 1993);
• results - PNH 51%, PLH 43%, PDCH 1.9%, PINU-SD 1.5%, other 2.6%;
• seats - (128 total) PNH 71, PLH 55, PINU-SD 2

President:

last held on 26 November 1989 (next to be held November 1993); results - Rafael Leonardo CALLEJAS (PNH) 51%, Carlos FLORES Facusse (PLH) 43.3%, other 5.7%

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister P. J. Patterson (since 30 March 1992)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held 9 February 1989 (next to be held by February 1994);
• results - PNP 57%, JLP 43%;
• seats - (60 total) PNP 45, JLP 15

Published as “Executive branch”

government commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Government Commissioner Jean Claude ROURE (since 5 May 1989); President of the General Council Emile MAURICE (since NA 1988)

Published as “Elections”

General Council:

• last held in October 1988 (next to be held by March 1991);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (44 total) number of seats by party NA

Regional Assembly:

• last held on 16 March 1986 (next to be held by March 1992);
• results - UDF/RPR coalition 49.8%, PPM/FSM/PCM coalition 41.3%, other 8.9%;
• seats - (41 total) PPM/FSM/PCM coalition 21, UDF/RPR coalition 20

French Senate:

• last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (2 total) UDF 1, PPM 1

French National Assembly:

• last held on 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (4 total) PPM 1, FSM 1, RPR 1, UDF 1