Executive branch In 36 editions of 36.

Published as “Elections”

National People's Assembly:

• first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (281 total);
• the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round;
• note - elections (municipal and wilaya) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history;
• results - FIS 55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating

President of the High State Committee:

next election to be held December 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• President of the High State Committee,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

High State Committee President Ali KAFI (since 2 July 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Belaid ABDESSELAM (since 8 July 1992)

Published as “Elections”

first nationwide, multiparty elections were held in late September 1992 with disputed results; further elections are being discussed

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Jose Eduardo dos SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO (since 2 December 1992)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 10 and 24 March 1991;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (64 total) UDFP-MDPS-ULD 12, PNDD/PRD 9, PSD/UNSP 8, NCC 7, RND 7, MNDD/MSUP/UDRN 6, UDS 5, RDL 4, ASD/BSD 3, ADP/UDRS 2, UNDP 1

President:

last held 10 and 24 March 1991; results - Nicephore SOGLO 68%, Mathieu KEREKOU 32%

Published as “Executive branch”

president, cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Nicephore SOGLO (since 4 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (38 total, 34 elected) BDP 35, BNF 3

President:

last held 7 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - President Sir Ketumile MASIRE was reelected by the National Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Sir Ketunile MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Festus MOGAE (since 9 March 1992 )

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held December 1991

Assembly of People's Deputies:

• last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (107 total), ODP-MT 78, CNPP-PSD 12, RDA 6, ADF 4, other 7

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Captain Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• note - The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991;
• new elections to the National Assembly are to take place 29 June 1993;
• presidential elections are to take place 1 June 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Major Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)

Published as “Elections”

People's National Assembly:

• last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23;
• note - this multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule

President:

last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (MPD) received 72.6% of vote

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• deputy minister,
• secretaries of state,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (since 22 March 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA (since 13 January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

last held 1 March 1992 (next scheduled for March 1997); results - (180 seats) CPDM 88, UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6

President:

• last held 11 October 1992;
• results - President Paul BIYA reelected with about 40% of the vote amid widespread allegations of fraud;
• SDF candidate John FRU NDI got 36% of the vote;
• UNDP candidate Bello Bouba MAIGARI got 19% of the vote

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU (since 9 April 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 25 October 1992;
• widespread irregularities at some polls led to dismissal of results by Supreme Court;
• elections are rescheduled for 17 October 1993

National Assembly:

• last held 25 October 1992;
• widespread irregularities at some polls led to dismissal of results by Supreme Court;
• elections are rescheduled for 17 October 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Andre-Dieudonne KOLINGBA (since 1 September 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Enoch DERANT-LAKOUE (since 2 March 1993)

Published as “Elections”

National Consultative Council:

last held 8 July 1990; disbanded 3 December 1990

President:

• last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA);
• results - President Hissein HABRE was elected without opposition;
• note - the government of then President HABRE fell on 1 December 1990, and Idriss DEBY seized power on 3 December 1990;
• national conference opened 15 January 1993;
• election to follow by end of year

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of State (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Col. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Joseph YODOYMAN (since NA August 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Federal Assembly:

• last held November-December 1992 (next to be held NA March 1997);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (42 total) UNDC 7, CHUMA 3, ADP 2, MDP/NGDC 5, FDC 2, MAECHA BORA 2, FPC 2, RACHADE 1, UWEZO 1, MWANGAZA 1, 16 other seats to smaller parties

President:

last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results - Said Mohamed DJOHAR (UDZIMA) 55%, Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (UNDC) 45%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet),
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990); Prime Minister Ibrahim HALIDI (since 1 January 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 29 July 1984 (next to be scheduled by High Council, the opposition-controlled transition legislature);
• results - President MOBUTU was reelected without opposition

Legislative Council:

• last held 6 September 1987 (next to be scheduled by High Council);
• results - MPR was the only party;
• seats - (210 total) MPR 210;
• note - MPR still holds majority of seats but some deputies have joined other parties

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (since 24 November 1965)

Head of Government:

Interim Prime Minister Faustin BIRINDWA (since 18 March 1993)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 2-16 August 1992 (next to be held August 1997); results - President Pascal LISSOUBA won with 61% of the vote

National Assembly:

• last held 24 June-19 July 1992;
• results - (125 total) UPADS 39, MCDDI (part of URD coalition) 29, PCT 19;
• more than a dozen smaller parties split the remaining 38 seats

note: National Assembly dissolved in November 1992; next election to be held May 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Pascal LISSOUBA (since August 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Claude Antoine DA COSTA (since December 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held October 1995);
• results - President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY received 81% of the vote in his first contested election;
• he is currently serving his seventh consecutive five-year term

National Assembly:

• last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1, independents 2

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Dr. Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY (since 27 November 1960)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Alassane OUATTARA (since 7 November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 18 December 1992;
• results - RPP is the only party;
• seats - (65 total) RPP 65

President:

last held 24 April 1987 (next to be held April 1993); results - President Hassan GOULED Aptidon was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President HASSAN GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June 1977)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou (since 30 September 1978)

Published as “Elections”

Advisory Council:

• last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held June 1995);
• results - NDP 100%;
• seats - (258 total, 172 elected) NDP 172

People's Assembly:

• last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995);
• results - NDP 78.4%, NPUG 1.4%, independents 18.7%;
• seats - (437 total, 444 elected) NDP 348, NPUG 6, independents 83;
• note - most opposition parties boycotted

President:

last held 5 October 1987 (next to be held October 1993); results - President Hosni MUBARAK was reelected

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (was made acting President on 6 October 1981 upon the assassination of President SADAT and sworn in as president on 14 October 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 25 June 1989 (next to be held 25 June 1996); results - President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO was reelected without opposition

Chamber of People's Representatives:

• last held 10 July 1988 (next to be held 10 July 1993);
• results - PDGE is the only party;
• seats - (41 total) PDGE 41

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Silvestre SIALE BILEKA (since 17 January 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Miguel OYONO NDONG MIFUMU (since 22 January 1992)

Published as “Elections”

multinational election before 20 May 1997

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Eritrean National Council

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President ISSAIAS Aferworke

Published as “Elections”

direct legislative elections rescheduled for June 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Obed Mfanyana DLAMINI (since 12 July 1989)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 10 September 1987;
• next election planned after new constitution drafted;
• results - MENGISTU Haile-Mariam elected by the now defunct National Assembly, but resigned and left Ethiopia on 21 May 1991

Constituent Assembly:

now planned for January 1994 (to ratify constitution to be drafted by end of 1993)

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President MELES Zenawi (since 1 June 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister TAMIRAT Layne (since 6 June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held on 28 October 1990 (next to be held by NA);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (120 total, 111 elected) PDG 62, National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks (Morena-Bucherons) 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3

President:

last held on 9 November 1986 (next to be held December 1993); results - President Omar BONGO was reelected without opposition

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Casimir OYE-MBA (since 3 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 11 March 1987 (next to be held by March 1992);
• results - PPP 56.6%, NCP 27.6%, GPP 14.7%, PDOIS 1%;
• seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 31, NCP 5

President:

• last held on 11 March 1987 (next to be held March 1992);
• results - Sir Dawda JAWARA (PPP) 61.1%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA (NCP) 25.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA (GPP) 13.7%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA (since 24 April 1970); Vice President Saihou SABALLY (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA)

National Assembly:

last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA)

Published as “Executive branch”

president, cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992)

Published as “Elections”

none

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Transitional Committee for National Recovery (Comite Transitionale de Redressement National or CTRN) replaced the Military Committee for National Recovery (Comite Militaire de Redressement National or CMRN); Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Gen. Lansana CONTE (since 5 April 1984)

Published as “Elections”

National People's Assembly:

• last held 15 June 1989 (next to be held 15 June 1994);
• results - PAIGC is the only party;
• seats - (150 total) PAIGC 150, appointed by Regional Councils

President of Council of State:

last held 19 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results - Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA was reelected without opposition by the National People's Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

• president of the Council of State,
• vice presidents of the Council of State,
• Council of State,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President of the Council of State Gen. Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980 and elected President of Council of State on 16 May 1984)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held on 29 December 1992;
• results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote;
• Kenneth Matiba (FORD-ASILI) 26%;
• Mwai Kibaki (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%

National Assembly:

• last held on 29 December 1992;
• results - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3;
• president nominates 12 additional members

note: first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Daniel Teroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

dissolved following the military coup in January 1986; military has pledged elections will take place in March 1993

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• chairman of the Military Council,
• Military Council,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King LETSIE III (since 12 November 1990 following dismissal of his father, exiled King MOSHOESHOE II, by Maj. Gen. LEKHANYA)

Head of Government:

Chairman of the Military Council Gen. Elias Phisoana RAMAEMA (since 30 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA); results - Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE (NDPL) 50.9%, Jackson DOE (LAP) 26.4%, other 22.7%; note - President Doe was killed by rebel forces on 9 September 1990

Senate:

• last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (26 total) NDPL 21, LAP 3, UP 1, UPP 1

House of Representatives:

• last held on 15 October 1985 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (64 total) NDPL 51, LAP 8, UP 3, UPP 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

interim President Dr. Amos SAWYER (since 15 November 1990)

note: this is an interim government appointed by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) that will be replaced after elections are held under a West African-brokered peace plan; a rebel faction led by Charles TAYLOR is challenging the SAWYER government's legitimacy; former president, Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE, was killed on 9 September 1990 by Prince Y. JOHNSON

Published as “Elections”

national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees

Published as “Executive branch”

• revolutionary leader,
• chairman of the General People's Committee (premier),
• General People's Committee (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Revolutionary Leader Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969)

Head of Government:

Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abu Zayd 'umar DURDA (since 7 October 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998);
• results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD), 67%;
• Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33%

Popular National Assembly:

• last held on 28 May 1989 (next to be held May 1993);
• results - AREMA 88.2%, MFM 5.1%, AKFM 3.7%, VONJY 2.2%, other 0.8%;
• seats - (137 total) AREMA 120, MFM 7, AKFM 5, VONJY 4, MONIMA 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Adm. Didier RATSIRAKA (since 15 June 1975)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Guy RAZANAMASY (since 8 August 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

President BANDA sworn in as President for Life on 6 July 1971

National Assembly:

• last held 26-27 June 1987 (next to be held by June 1997);
• results - MCP is the only party;
• seats - (141 total, 136 elected) MCP 141

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Dr. Hastings Kamuzu BANDA (since 6 July 1966; sworn in as President for Life 6 July 1971)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held in April 1992; Alpha KONARE was elected in runoff race against Montaga TALL

National Assembly:

• last held on 8 March 1992 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (total 116) Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2, UMDD 1

Published as “Executive branch”

Transition Committee for the Salvation of the People (CTSP) composed of 25 members, predominantly civilian

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Younoussi TOURE (since 8 June 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held January 1992 (next to be held January 1998); results - President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid 'Ahmed TAYA elected

Senate:

last held 3 and 10 April 1992 (one-third of the seats up for re-election in 1994)

National Assembly:

last held 6 and 13 March 1992 (next to be held March 1997)

Published as “Executive branch”

president

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA (since 12 December 1984)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held on 15 September 1991 (next to be held by 15 September 1996);
• results - MSM/MMM 53%, MLP/PMSD 38%;
• seats - (70 total, 62 elected) MSM/MMM alliance 59 (MSM 29, MMM 26, OPR 2, MTD 2);
• MLP/PMSD 3

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Cassam UTEEM (since 1 July 1992); Vice President Robin Dranooth GHURBURRON (since 1 July 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 12 June 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Prem NABABSING (since 26 September 1990)

Published as “Elections”

General Council:

• last held March 1991 (next to be held March 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (17 total) MPM 12, RPR 5

French Senate:

• last held on 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (1 total) MPM 1

French National Assembly:

• last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (1 total) UDC 1

Published as “Executive branch”

government commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Commissioner, Representative of the French Government Jean-Paul COSTE (since NA 1991); President of the General Council Youssouf BAMANA (since NA 1976)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Representatives:

• last held on 14 September 1984 (were scheduled for September 1990, but postponed until June 1993 when 27 new seats will be added);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (306 total, 206 elected) UC 83, RNI 61, MP 47, Istiqlal 41, USFP 36, PND 24, other 14

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Mohamed KARIM-LAMRANI (since October 1992)

Published as “Elections”

draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Mario da Graca MACHUNGO (since 17 July 1986)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 16 February 1990 (next to be held March 1995); results - Sam NUJOMA was elected president by the Constituent Assembly (now the National Assembly)

National Assembly:

• last held on 7-11 November 1989 (next to be held by November 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (72 total) SWAPO 41, DTA 21, UDF 4, ACN 3, NNF 1, FCN 1, NPF 1

National Council:

last held 30 November-3 December 1992 (next to be held by December 1998); seats - (26 total) SWAPO 19, DTA 6, UDF 1

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

President Ali SAIBOU has been in office since December 1989, but the presidency is now a largely ceremonial position

National Assembly:

• last held 10 December 1989 (next to be held NA);
• results - MNSD was the only party;
• seats - (150 total) MNSD 150 (indirectly elected);
• note - Niger held a national conference from July to November 1991 to decide upon a transitional government and an agenda for multiparty elections

Published as “Executive branch”

• president (ceremonial),
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Brig. Gen. Ali SAIBOU (since 14 November 1987); ceremonial post since national conference (1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Amadou CHEIFFOU (since NA November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

first presidential elections since the 31 December 1983 coup scheduled for June 1993

Senate:

• last held 4 July 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (total 84) SDP 47, NRC 37

House of Representatives:

• last held 4 July 1992 (next to be held NA 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (total 577) SDP 310, NRC 267

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice-president,
• cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces Gen. Ibrahim BABANGIDA (since 27 August 1985); Vice-President Admiral (Ret.) Augustus AIKHOMU (since 30 August 1990)

Published as “Elections”

General Council:

• last held 22 March 1991 (next to be held March 1997);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (44 total)

Regional Council:

• last held 28 March 1992 (next to be held NA March 1998);
• results - UDF 25.6%, PRC 17.9%, PS 10.5%, Independent 30.7%, other 15.3%;
• seats - (45 total) Independent 17, UDF 14, PRC 9, PS 5

French Senate:

• last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (3 total) RPR-UDF 1, PS 1, independent 1

French National Assembly:

• last held 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held NA June 1993);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (5 total) PCR 2, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1, FRA 1;
• note - Reunion elects 3 members to the French Senate and 5 members to the French National Assembly who are voting members

Published as “Executive branch”

French president, commissioner of the Republic

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Commissioner of the Republic Jacques DEWATRE (since NA July 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993); results - President Juvenal HABYARIMANA reelected

National Development Council:

• last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1993);
• results - MRND was the only party;
• seats - (70 total) MRND 70

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Juvenal HABYARIMANA (since 5 July 1973)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Dismas NSENGIYAREMYE (since NA April 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Council:

• last held October 1984 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total, 12 elected) number of seats by party NA

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor commander-in-chief,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) Head of Government: Governor A. N. HOOLE (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 3 March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1996);
• results - Miguel TROVOADA was elected without opposition in Sao Tome's first multiparty presidential election

National People's Assembly:

• last held 20 January 1991 (next to be held NA January 1996);
• results - PCD-GR 54.4%, MLSTP 30.5%, CODO 5.2%, FDC 1.5%, other 8.4%;
• seats - (55 total) PCD-GR 33, MLSTP 21, CODO 1;
• note - this was the first multiparty election in Sao Tome and Principe

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Noberto Jose D'Alva COSTA ALEGRE (since 16 May 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA); results - Abdou DIOUF (PS) 58.4%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 32.03%, other 9.57%

National Assembly:

• last held 28 February 1988 (next to be held NA May 1993);
• results - PS 71%, PDS 25%, other 4%;
• seats - (120 total) PS 103, PDS 17

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April 1991)

Published as “Elections”

note: presidential and legislative elections are scheduled to be held once the new, multiparty consititution is ratified later this year

President:

last held 9-11 June 1989 (next to be held NA 1993); results - President France Albert RENE reelected without opposition

People's Assembly:

• last held 5 December 1987 (next to be held mid-1993);
• results - SPPF was the only legal party;
• seats - (25 total, 23 elected) SPPF 23

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977)

Published as “Elections”

suspended after 29 April 1992 coup; Chairman STRASSER promises multi-party elections sometime within three years

Published as “Executive branch”

National Provisional Ruling Council

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Capt. Valentine E. M. STRASSER (since 29 April 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 23 December 1986 (next to be held NA); results - President SIAD was reelected without opposition

People's Assembly:

last held 31 December 1984 (next to be held NA); results - SRSP was the only party; seats - (177 total, 171 elected) SRSP 171; note - the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the regime of Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the provisional government has promised that a democratically elected government will be established

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Interim President ALI MAHDI Mohamed (since 27 January 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister OMAR Arteh Ghalib (since 27 January 1991)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly (whites):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held by NA March 1995);
• results - NP 58%, CP 23%, DP 19%;
• seats - (178 total, 166 elected) NP 103, CP 41, DP 34;
• note - by February 1992, because of byelections, splits, and defections, changes in number of seats held by parties were as follows: NP 102, CP 36, DP 28, AVU 5, independent 7

House of Representatives (Coloreds):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held no later than March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (85 total, 80 elected) LP 69, DRP 5, UDP 3, Freedom Party 1, independents 2;
• note - by October 1992 many representatives had changed their allegiance causing the following changes

in seating:

NP 44, LP 27, DP 6, Freedom Party 1, independents 6, vacant 1

House of Delegates (Indians):

• last held 6 September 1989 (next to be held no later than March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (45 total, 40 elected) Solidarity 16, NPP 9, Merit People's Party 3, independents 6, other 6;
• note - due to delegates changing party affiliation, seating as of October 1992

is as follows:

Solidarity 25, NPP 7, Merit People's Party 2, other 8, independents 3

note: tentative agreement to hold national election open to all races for a 400-seat constitutient assembly on 27 April 1994

Published as “Executive branch”

• state president,
• Executive Council (cabinet),
• Ministers' Councils (from the three houses of Parliament)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

State President Frederik Willem DE KLERK (since 13 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

none

Published as “Executive branch”

• executive and legislative authority vested in a 10-member Revolutionary Command Council (RCC);
• chairman of the RCC acts as prime minister;
• in July 1989, RCC appointed a predominately civilian 22-member cabinet to function as advisers

note: Lt. Gen. BASHIR's military government is dominated by members of Sudan's National Islamic Front, a fundamentalist political organization formed from the Muslim Brotherhood in 1986; front leader Hasan al-TURABI controls Khartoum's overall domestic and foreign policies

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

Revolutionary Command Council Chairman and Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 30 June 1989); Deputy Chairman of the Command Council and Deputy Prime Minister Maj. Gen. al-Zubayr Muhammad SALIH Ahmed (since 9 July 1989)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition

National Assembly:

• last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995);
• results - CCM was the only party;
• seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• first vice president and prime minister of the union,
• second vice president and president of Zanzibar,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985);
• First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990);
• Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 21 December 1986 (next to be held 1993); results - Gen. EYADEMA was reelected without opposition

National Assembly:

• last held 4 March 1990;
• dissolved during national reform conference (next to be held 1993);
• results - RPT was the only party;
• seats - (77 total) RPT 77;
• interim legislative High Council of the Republic (HCR) in place since August 1991

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

Head of Government:

interim Prime Minister Joseph Kokou KOFFIGOH (since 28 August 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 2 April 1989 (next to be held NA March 1994); results - Gen. Zine el Abidine BEN ALI was reelected without opposition

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 2 April 1989 (next to be held NA April 1994);
• results - RCD 80.7%, independents/Islamists 13.7%, MDS 3.2%, other 2.4%;
• seats - (141 total) RCD 141

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Gen. Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI (since 26 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

National Resistance Council:

• last held 11-28 February 1989 (next to be held by January 1995);
• results - NRM was the only party;
• seats - (278 total, 210 indirectly elected) 210 members elected without party affiliation

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• three deputy prime ministers,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Samson Babi Mululu KISEKKA (since NA January 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister George Cosmas ADYEBO (since NA January 1991)

none

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held mid-1995); results - Frederick CHILUBA 84%, Kenneth KAUNDA 16%

National Assembly:

• last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held mid-1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (150 total) MMD 125, UNIP 25

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Frederick CHILUBA (since 31 October 1991)

Published as “Elections”

Executive President:

last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%

Parliament:

• last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 117, ZUM 2, ZANU-S 1

Published as “Executive branch”

executive president, 2 vice presidents, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987);
• Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987);
• Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990)

Published as “Executive branch”

British monarch, commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Commissioner David Everard TATHAM (since August 1992; resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands)

Published as “Elections”

Danish Folketing:

• last held on 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994);
• Greenland elects two representatives to the Folketing;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (2 total) Siumut 1, Atassut 1

Landsting:

• last held on 5 March 1991 (next to be held 5 March 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (27 total) Siumut 11, Atassut Party 8, Inuit Ataqatigiit 5, Center Party 2, Polar Party 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• Danish monarch,
• high commissioner,
• home rule chairman,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet (Landsstyre)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Torben Hede PEDERSEN (since NA)

Head of Government:

Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 29 June 1988 (next scheduled for June 1996); results - there was no election in 1992 as President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR was unopposed

Althing:

• last held on 20 April 1991 (next to be held by April 1995);
• results - Independence Party 38.6%, Progressive Party 18.9%, Social Democratic Party 15.5%, People's Alliance 14.4%, Womens List 8.3%, Liberals 1.2%, other 3.1%;
• seats - (63 total) Independence 26, Progressive 13, Social Democratic 10, People's Alliance 9, Womens List 5

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR (since 1 August 1980)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991)

Chief of State:

King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)

Head of Government:

Governor (vacant)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held NA December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1994); results - Burhanuddin RABBANI was elected to a two-year term by a national shura

Published as “Executive branch”

president, prime minister; Afghan leaders are still in the process of choosing a cabinet (May 1993)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Burhanuddin RABBANI (since 2 January 1993);
• First Vice President Mohammad NABI Mohammadi (since NA);
• First Vice President Mohammad SHAH Fazli (since NA)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister-designate Gulbaddin HIKMATYAR (since NA);
• Deputy Prime Minister Sulayman GAILANI (since NA);
• Deputy Prime Minister Din MOHAMMAD (since NA);
• Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad SHAH Ahmadzai (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 16 October 1991 (next to be held NA);
• results - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN 86%;
• radical nationalists about 7%;
• note - Levon TER-PETROSYAN was elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet 4 August 1990

Supreme Soviet:

• last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (240 total) non-aligned 149, Armenian National Movement 52, Armenian Democratic Liberal Organization 14, Dashnatktsutyan 12, National Democratic Union 9, Christian Democratic Union 1, Constitutional Rights Union 1, National Self-Determination Association 1, Republican Party 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• council of ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN (since 16 October 1991), Vice President Gagik ARUTYUNYAN (since 16 October 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN (since NA February 1993); Supreme Soviet Chairman Babken ARARKTSYAN (since NA 1990)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 8 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - Abdulfaz Ali ELCHIBEY, won 60% of vote

National Council:

• last held 30 September and 14 October 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next expected to be held late 1993 for the National Council);
• seats for Supreme Soviet - (360 total) Communists 280, Democratic Bloc 45 (grouping of opposition parties), other 15, vacant 20;
• note - on 19 May 1992 the Supreme Soviet was disbanded in favor of a Popular Front-dominated National Council;
• seats - (50 total) 25 Popular Front, 25 opposition elements

Published as “Executive branch”

president, council of ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Ebulfez ELCHIBEY (since 7 June 1992)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Penah HUSEYNOV (since 29 April 1993; resigned 7 June 1993; likely replacement - E'tibar MAMEDOV);
• National Parliament Chairman Isa GAMBAROV (since 19 May 1992; resigned 13 June 1993; likely replacement Geydar ALIYEV)

Published as “Elections”

National Parliament:

• last held 27 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women) BNP 168, AL 93, JP 35, JI 20, BCP 5, National Awami Party (Muzaffar) 1, Workers Party 1, JSD 1, Ganotantri Party 1, Islami Oikya Jote 1, NDP 1, independents 3

President:

last held 8 October 1991 (next to be held by NA October 1996); results - Abdur Rahman BISWAS received 52.1% of parliamentary vote

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Abdur Rahman BISWAS (since 8 October 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Khaleda ZIAur Rahman (since 20 March 1991)

Published as “Elections”

no national elections

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• chairman of the Royal Advisory Council,
• Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde),
• chairman of the Council of Ministers,
• Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

Head of Government:

• Commissioner Mr. T. G. HARRIS (since NA);
• Administrator Mr. R. G. WELLS (since NA 1991);
• note - both reside in the UK

Published as “Elections”

National People's Congress:

• last held March 1993 (next to be held March 1998);
• results - CCP is the only party but there are also independents;
• seats - (2,977 total) (elected at county or xian level)

President:

last held 27 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - JIANG Zemin was nominally elected by the Eighth National People's Congress

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• premier,
• four vice premiers,
• State Council

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993); Vice President RONG Yiren (since 27 March 1993)

Chief of State and Head of Government (de facto):

DENG Xiaoping (since NA 1977)

Head of Government:

• Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988) Vice Premier ZHU Rongji (since 8 April 1991);
• Vice Premier ZOU Jiahua (since 8 April 1991);
• Vice Premier QIAN Qichen (since 29 March 1993);
• Vice Premier LI Lanqing (29 March 1993)

Published as “Elections”

Chairman of Parliament:

last held NA October 1992 (next to be held NA); results - Eduard SHEVARDNADZE 95%

Georgian Parliament (Supreme Soviet):

• last held 11 October 1992 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (225 total) number of seats by party NA;
• note - representatives of 26 parties elected;
• Peace Bloc, October 11, Unity, National Democratic Party, and the Greens Party won the largest representation

Published as “Executive branch”

• chairman of Parliament,
• Council of Ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Chairman of Parliament Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE (since 10 March 1992)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Tengiz SIGUA (since NA January 1992);
• First Deputy Prime Minister Roman GOTSIRIDZE (since NA);
• Deputy Prime Ministers Aleksandr KAVADZE, Avtandil MARGIANI, Zurab KERVALISHVILI (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

People's Assembly:

• last held 21 May, 12 and 15 June 1991 (next to be held by November 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (545 total, 543 elected, 2 appointed) Congress (I) Party 245, Bharatiya Janata Party 119, Janata Dal Party 39, Janata Dal (Ajit Singh) 20, CPI/M 35, CPI 14, Telugu Desam 13, AIADMK 11, Samajwadi Janata Party 5, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, BSP 1, Congress (S) Party 1, other 23, vacant 9

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 25 July 1992); Vice President K.R. NARAYANAN (since 21 August 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

House of Councillors:

• last held on 26 July 1992 (next to be held NA July 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (252 total) LDP 106, SDPJ 73, CGP 24, DSP 12, JCP 11, JNP 4, other 22

House of Representatives:

• last held on 18 February 1990 (next to be held by NA February 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (512 total) LDP 274, SDPJ 137, CGP 46, JCP 16, DSP 13, others 5, independents 6, vacant 15

Published as “Executive branch”

• Emperor,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Kiichi MIYAZAWA (since 5 November 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996);
• percent of vote by party NA;
• Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed

Supreme Council:

• last held NA April 1990 (next to be held NA December 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (358 total) Socialist Party 338

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• cabinet of ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV (sinceNA April 1990); Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Sergey TERESHENKO (since 14 October 1991);
• First Deputy Prime Minister Davlat SEMBAYEV (since NA November 1990);
• Supreme Council Chairman Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN (since NA July 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 24 May 1990 (next to be held by NA 1994); results - President KIM Il-song was reelected without opposition

Supreme People's Assembly:

• last held on 7-9 April 1993 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (687 total) the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition;
• minor parties hold a few seats

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• premier,
• ten vice premiers,
• State Administration Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President KIM Il-song (national leader since 1948, president since 28 December 1972);
• designated successor KIM Chong-il (son of president, born 16 February 1942)

Head of Government:

Premier KANG Song-san (since December 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held on 18 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997);
• results - KIM Young Sam (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Dae Jung (DP) 33.8%, CHUNG Ju Yung (UPP) 16.3%, other 8%

National Assembly:

• last held on 24 March 1992;
• results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%, Unification National Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP), other 15%;
• seats - (299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22;
• the distribution of seats as of May 1993 was DLP 167, DP 95, UPP 14, other 23

note: the change in the distribution of seats reflects the fluidity of the current situation where party members are constantly switching from one party to another

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• two deputy prime ministers,
• State Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President KIM Young Sam (since 25 February 1993)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister HWANG In Sung (since 25 February 1993);
• Deputy Prime Minister LEE Kyung Shick (since 25 February 1993) and Deputy Prime Minister HAN Wan Sang (since 25 February 1993)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996);
• results - Askar AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting;
• note - president elected by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991

Zhogorku Keneshom:

• last held 25 February 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next to be held no later than NA November 1994 for the Zhgorku Keneshom);
• results - Commnunists 90%;
• seats - (350 total) Communists 310

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• Cabinet of Ministers,
• prime minister

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990); Vice President Feliks KULOV (since 12 October 1992)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992);
• Deputy Prime Minister Abdygani ERKEBAYEV;
• Supreme Soviet Chairman Medetkan SHERIMKULOV (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 23 September 1988 (next to be held September 1993); results - President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected

Citizens' Council:

• last held on 7 December 1989 (next to be held 7 December 1994);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (48 total, 40 elected)

Published as “Executive branch”

president, Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 3 September 1990 (next to be held 6 June 1993);
• results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT elected by the People's Great Hural;
• other candidate Lodongiyn TUDEV (MPRP)

State Great Hural:

• first time held 28 June 1992 (next to be held NA);
• results - MPRP 56.9%;
• seats - (76 total) MPRP 71, MDP/PNP 3, SDP 1, independent 1

note: the People's Small Hural no longer exists

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• prime minister,
• first deputy prime minister,
• cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (since 3 September 1990); Vice President Radnaasumbereliyn GONCHIGDORJ (since 7 September 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Putsagiyn JASRAY (since 3 August 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Puntsagiyn JASRAY (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 12 May 1991 (next to be held May 1996);
• results - NCP 38%, CPN/UML 28%, NDP/Chand 6%, UPF 5%, NDP/Thapa 5%, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 4%, Rohit 2%, CPN (Democratic) 1%, independents 4%, other 7%;
• seats - (205 total) NCP 110, CPN/UML 69, UPF 9, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 6, NDP/Chand 3, Rohit 2, CPN (Democratic) 2, NDP/Thapa 1, independents 3;
• note - the new Constitution of 9 November 1990 gave Nepal a multiparty democracy system for the first time in 32 years

Published as “Executive branch”

• monarch,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972, crowned King 24 February 1985);
• Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son of the King (born 21 June 1971)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 29 May 1991)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held on 12 December 1988 (next to be held by NA November 1993); results - Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies

Senate:

• last held March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1994);
• seats - (87 total) PML 52, Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, PPP 5, ANP 5, JWP 4, MQM 3, PNP 2 (name later chaged to NPP), JI 2, JUP 2, JUI 2, PKMAP 1, independent 1

National Assembly:

• last held on 24 October 1990 (next to be held by October 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (217 total) number of seats by party NA;
• note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed the National Assembly on 18 April 1993;
• it was reestablished, however, on 26 May 1993 by the Supreme Court, which ruled the dismissal order unconstitutional

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Ghulam ISHAQ KHAN (since 13 December 1988)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Mian Nawaz SHARIF (since 6 November 1990);
• note - President GHULAM ISHAQ Khan dismissed Prime Minister SHARIF on 18 April 1993, but he was reinstated by the Supreme Court on 26 May 1993

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 12 June 1991 (next to be held 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA%

Congress of People's Deputies:

• last held March 1990 (next to be held 1995);
• results - percent of party NA%;
• seats - (1,063 total) number of seats by party NA;
• election held before parties were formed

Supreme Soviet:

• last held May 1990 (next to be held 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA%;
• seats - (252 total) number of seats by party NA;
• elected from Congress of People's Deputies

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Security Council,
• Presidential Administration,
• Council of Ministers,
• Group of Assistants,
• Council of Heads of Republics

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

• President Boris Nikolayevich YEL'TSIN (since 12 June 1991);
• Vice President Aleksandr Vladimirovich RUTSKOY (since 12 June 1991);
• Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Ruslan KHASBULATOV (28 October 1991)

Head of Government:

• Chairman of the Council of Ministers Viktor Stepanovich CHERNOMYRDIN (since NA December 1992);
• First Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Vladimir SHUMEYKO (since 9 June 1992), Oleg LOBW (since NA April 1993), Oleg SOSKOVETS (since NA April 1993)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA December 1994);
• results - Ranasinghe PREMADASA (UNP) 50%, Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE (SLFP) 45%, other 5%;
• note - following the assassination of President PREMADASA on 1 May 1993, Prime Minister WIJETUNGA became acting president;
• on 7 May 1993, he was confirmed by a vote of Parliament to finish out the term of the assassinated president

Parliament:

• last held 15 February 1989 (next to be held by NA February 1995);
• results - UNP 51%, SLFP 32%, SLMC 4%, TULF 3%, USA 3%, EROS 3%, MEP 1%, other 3%;
• seats - (225 total) UNP 125, SLFP 67, other 33

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Dingiri Banda WIJETUNGA (since 7 May 1993)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Ranil WICKREMASINGHE (since 7 May 1993)

Published as “Elections”

President:

• last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA);
• results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%;
• Davlat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30%

Supreme Soviet:

• last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%;
• seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3

note: in May 1992, the Supreme Soviet was replaced by the transitional 80-member Assembly (Majlis) and in November 1992 Emomili RAKHMANOV, chairman of the Assembly, became Chief of State

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Acting President and Assembly Chairman Emomili RAKHMANOV (since NA November 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Abdumalik ABULAJANOV (since NA November 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Tukhtaboy GAFAROV (since NA November 1992)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA June 1997); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed)

Majlis:

• last held 7 January 1990 (next to be held NA 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (175 total) elections not officially by party, but Communist Party members won nearly 90% of seats;
• note - seats to be reduced to 50 at next election

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• nine deputy prime ministers,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since NA October 1990)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister (vacant);
• Deputy Prime Ministers Valery G. OCHERTSOV, Orazgeldi AYDOGDYEV, Yagmur OVEZOV, Jourakuli BABAKULIYEV, Matkarim RAJAPOV, Rejep SAPAROV, Boris SHIKHMURADOV (since NA);
• Chairman of the People's Council Sakhat MURADOV (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

President:

last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%

Supreme Soviet:

• last held 18 February 1990 (next to be held NA);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (500 total) Communist 450, ERK 10, other 40;
• note - total number of seats will be reduced to 150 in next election

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990)

Head of Government:

• Prime Minister Abdulkhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992), First Deputy Prime Minister Ismail Hakimovitch DJURABEKOV (since NA);
• Supreme Soviet Chairman Shavkat Muhitdinovitch YULDASHEV (since NA June 1991)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 27 February 1989 (next to be held February 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (11 total, 7 elected) ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• chief minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Alan W. SHARE (since August 1992)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister Emile GUMBS (since NA March 1984, served previously from February 1977 to May 1980)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held 9 March 1989 (next to be held NA 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (17 total) ALP 15, UPP 1, independent 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS (since 1 November 1981, previously Governor since 1976)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr. (since NA 1976); Deputy Prime Minister Lester BIRD (since NA)

Published as “Elections”

Legislature:

• last held 8 January 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1997);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (21 total) MEP 9, AVP 8, ADN 1, PPA 1, OLA 1, other 1

Published as “Executive branch”

• Dutch monarch,
• governor,
• prime minister,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since NA)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nelson ODUBER (since NA February 1989)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 19 August 1992 (next to be held by August 1997);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (49 total) FNM 32, PLP 17

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clifford DARLING (since 2 January 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Hubert INGRAHAM (since 19 August 1992)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 22 January 1991 (next to be held by January 1996);
• results - DLP 49.8%;
• seats - (28 total) DLP 18, BLP 10

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Nita BARROW (since 6 June 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Lloyd Erskine SANDIFORD (since 2 June 1987)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly:

• last held 4 September 1989 (next to be held September 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (28 total) PUP 15, UDP 13;
• note - in January 1990 one member expelled from UDP joined PUP, making the seat count PUP 16, UDP 12

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• deputy prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Minita Elmira GORDON (since 21 September 1981)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister George Cadle PRICE (since 4 September 1989)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Council:

• last held 12 November 1990 (next to be held by November 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (9 total) VIP 6, IPM 1, independents 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• chief minister,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Peter Alfred PENFOLD (since NA 1991)

Head of Government:

Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT (since NA 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held November 1992 (next to be held November 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total, 12 elected)

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor,
• Executive Council (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

Head of Government:

Governor and President of the Executive Council Michael GORE (since NA May 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (57 total) PUSC 29, PLN 25, PVP/PPC 1, regional parties 2

President:

last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results - Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier 51%, Carlos Manuel CASTILLO 47%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• two vice presidents,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• President Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier (since 8 May 1990);
• First Vice President German SERRANO Pinto (since 8 May 1990);
• Second Vice President Arnoldo LOPEZ Echandi (since 8 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

National Assembly of People's Power:

• last held December 1986 (next to be held February 1993);
• results - PCC is the only party;
• seats - (510 total; after the February election, the National Assembly will have 590 seats) indirectly elected from slates approved by special candidacy commissions

Published as “Executive branch”

• president of the Council of State,
• first vice president of the Council of State,
• Council of State,
• president of the Council of Ministers,
• first vice president of the Council of Ministers,
• Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers,
• Council of Ministers

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (Prime Minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)

Published as “Elections”

House of Assembly:

• last held 28 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives) DFP 11, UWP 6, DLP 4

President:

last held 20 December 1988 (next to be held December 1993); results - President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET was reelected by the House of Assembly

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• prime minister,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Sir Clarence Augustus SEIGNORET (since 19 December 1983)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980, elected for a third term 28 May 1990)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (120 total) PLD 44, PRSC 41, PRD 33, PRI 2

President:

last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994); results - Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 35.7%, Juan BOSCH Gavino (PLD) 34.4%

Senate:

• last held 16 May 1990 (next to be held May 1994);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (30 total) PRSC 16, PLD 12, PRD 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Cabinet

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

• President Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo (since 16 August 1986, fifth elected term began 16 August 1990);
• Vice President Carlos A. MORALES Troncoso (since 16 August 1986)

Published as “Elections”

Legislative Assembly:

• last held 10 March 1991 (next to be held March 1994);
• results - ARENA 44.3%, PDC 27.96%, CD 12.16%, PCN 8.99%, MAC 3.23%, UDN 2.68%;
• seats - (84 total) ARENA 39, PDC 26, PCN 9, CD 8, UDN 1, MAC 1

President:

last held 19 March 1989 (next to be held March 1994); results - Alfredo CRISTIANI (ARENA) 53.8%, Fidel CHAVEZ Mena (PDC) 36.6%, other 9.6%

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President (Felix) Alfredo CRISTIANI Buchard (since 1 June 1989); Vice President (Jose) Francisco MERINO Lopez (since 1 June 1989)

Published as “Elections”

House of Representatives:

• last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA March 1996);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (15 total) NDC 8, GULP 3, TNP 2, NNP 2

Published as “Executive branch”

• British monarch,
• governor general,
• prime minister,
• Ministers of Government (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Reginald Oswald PALMER (since 6 August 1992)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Nicholas BRATHWAITE (since 13 March 1990)

Published as “Elections”

French National Assembly:

• last held on 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held March 1993);
• Guadeloupe elects four representatives;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (4 total) PS 2 seats, RPR 1 seat, PCG 1 seat

French Senate:

• last held in September 1986 (next to be held September 1995);
• Guadeloupe elects two representatives;
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (2 total) PCG 1, PS 1

General Council:

• last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held by NA 1992);
• results - percent of vote by party NA;
• seats - (42 total) PS 26, URC 16

Regional Council:

• last held on 22 March 1992 (next to be held by 16 March 1998);
• results - OG 33.1%, PSG 28.7%, PCG 23.8%, UDF 10.7%, other 3.7%;
• seats - (41 total) OG 15, PSG 12, PCG 10, UDF 4

Published as “Executive branch”

government commissioner

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State:

President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)

Head of Government:

Prefect Franck PERRIEZ (since NA 1992)

Published as “Elections”

Congress:

• last held on 11 November 1990 (next to be held 11 November 1995);
• results - UCN 25.6%, MAS 24.3%, DCG 17.5%, PAN 17.3%, MLN 4.8%, PSD/AP-5 3.6%, PR 2.1%;
• seats - (116 total) UCN 38, DCG 27, MAS 18, PAN 12, Pro - Rios Montt 10, MLN 4, PR 1, PSD/AP-5 1, independent 5

President:

runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held 11 November 1995); results - Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9%

note: President SERRANO resigned on 1 June 1993 shortly after dissolving Congress and the judiciary; on 6 June 1993, Ramiro DE LEON Carpio was chosen as the new president by a vote of Congress; he will finish off the remainder of SERRANO's five-year term which expires in 1995

Published as “Executive branch”

• president,
• vice president,
• Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Published as “Leaders”

Chief of State and Head of Government:

President Ramiro DE LEON Carpio (since 6 June 1993); Vice President Arturo HERBRUGER (since 18 June 1993)

Published as “Elections”

Chamber of Deputies:

• last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held by December 1994);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (83 total) FNCD 27, ANDP 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN 1, independents 5, other 2

President:

last held 16 December 1990 (next election to be held by December 1995); results - Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE 4.9%

Senate:

• last held 18 January 1993, widely condemned as illegitimate (next to be held December 1994);
• results - percent of vote NA;
• seats - (27 total) FNCD 12, ANDP 8, PAIN 2, MRN 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 2